James Hurrell*1, Gerald A. Meehl1, David Bader2
... climate system components were generally thought to be unimportant and, therefore, have typically not been included. For decadal to centennial predictions, the radiative forcings and coupled interactions and feedbacks among the climate system components are critical. Usually, these coupled model int ...
... climate system components were generally thought to be unimportant and, therefore, have typically not been included. For decadal to centennial predictions, the radiative forcings and coupled interactions and feedbacks among the climate system components are critical. Usually, these coupled model int ...
Engineering Systems: Broadening Engineering Research
... creating the need for flexible climate policies. Implementing an R&D-inducing carbon tax policy today provides a form of “insurance” against future carbon-emissions related climate damages, representing a important form of flexibility. The following project examines the opportunities that flexib ...
... creating the need for flexible climate policies. Implementing an R&D-inducing carbon tax policy today provides a form of “insurance” against future carbon-emissions related climate damages, representing a important form of flexibility. The following project examines the opportunities that flexib ...
How do carbon cycle uncertainties affect IPCC temperature
... to shift upwards. This could potentially be explored further using the C4MIP or Bodman et al. (2013) distributions, deriving upper and lower bounds for the CO2 concentrations which could then be modeled by the AOGCMs. Table 2 shows that the our MAGICC CC-on median CO2 concentration values at 2100 co ...
... to shift upwards. This could potentially be explored further using the C4MIP or Bodman et al. (2013) distributions, deriving upper and lower bounds for the CO2 concentrations which could then be modeled by the AOGCMs. Table 2 shows that the our MAGICC CC-on median CO2 concentration values at 2100 co ...
Dividing climate change: global warming in the Indian mass media
... Correspondingly, India signed up to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993 as a ‘non-Annex I’ state, not taking on binding emissions-reduction targets. Within both the government and also the wider civil society international emissions caps are viewed as ‘deepenin ...
... Correspondingly, India signed up to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993 as a ‘non-Annex I’ state, not taking on binding emissions-reduction targets. Within both the government and also the wider civil society international emissions caps are viewed as ‘deepenin ...
Using the Kyoto Protocol as a stepping stone.
... project have been submitted monthly to the UNFCCC. The total GHG reduction under JI until the end of 2012 is expected only to be about a quarter of CDM. In 2008 track 1 projects started to be submitted and now there are more track 1 projects (274) than track 2 projects (218). It has been easy to get ...
... project have been submitted monthly to the UNFCCC. The total GHG reduction under JI until the end of 2012 is expected only to be about a quarter of CDM. In 2008 track 1 projects started to be submitted and now there are more track 1 projects (274) than track 2 projects (218). It has been easy to get ...
Dividing climate change: global warming in the Indian mass media
... Correspondingly, India signed up to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993 as a ‘non-Annex I’ state, not taking on binding emissions-reduction targets. Within both the government and also the wider civil society international emissions caps are viewed as ‘deepenin ...
... Correspondingly, India signed up to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993 as a ‘non-Annex I’ state, not taking on binding emissions-reduction targets. Within both the government and also the wider civil society international emissions caps are viewed as ‘deepenin ...
Assessment of global warming on the island of Tenerife, Canary
... providing a worldwide network of observatories for monitoring the effects of global warming (Petit and Prudent 2008). At the same time, the higher mountainous islands are natural laboratories where such trends can be studied at different altitudes, from the marine boundary layer to the free troposph ...
... providing a worldwide network of observatories for monitoring the effects of global warming (Petit and Prudent 2008). At the same time, the higher mountainous islands are natural laboratories where such trends can be studied at different altitudes, from the marine boundary layer to the free troposph ...
Emerging responses to climate change in pastoral systems
... An exploratory study was made in Ethiopia and Niger into pastoralists’ responses to climate change. It identified a wide range of technical and institutional innovations that pastoralists developed to adapt to new conditions, while seeking food security, sustainable resource management and improved ...
... An exploratory study was made in Ethiopia and Niger into pastoralists’ responses to climate change. It identified a wide range of technical and institutional innovations that pastoralists developed to adapt to new conditions, while seeking food security, sustainable resource management and improved ...
Biomes Individual and Collaborative Project
... • AI3 interpret patterns and trends in data • AI4 identify limitations of data, evidence or measurement • AI5 state a conclusion based on experimental data, and explain how evidence ...
... • AI3 interpret patterns and trends in data • AI4 identify limitations of data, evidence or measurement • AI5 state a conclusion based on experimental data, and explain how evidence ...
IGCC-AIGCC Response to TCFD Public Consultation
... IGCC!/!AIGCC!notes!that!the!CDP!requests!remuneration!information!in!its!current! disclosure!survey.!We!also!note!that!this!will!be!likely!be!highly!relevant!for!some! industry!sectors!and!less!for!others,!therefore!it!might!be!appropriate!to!address! these!issues!in!the!supplementary!guidance.!) • ...
... IGCC!/!AIGCC!notes!that!the!CDP!requests!remuneration!information!in!its!current! disclosure!survey.!We!also!note!that!this!will!be!likely!be!highly!relevant!for!some! industry!sectors!and!less!for!others,!therefore!it!might!be!appropriate!to!address! these!issues!in!the!supplementary!guidance.!) • ...
Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States
... Also, energy consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 3.7 percent in 2013 (as compared with 2012). In the first three years of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period (2011-2013), energy consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 9 percent; the equivalent of approximately 350 million tons coal equivalen ...
... Also, energy consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 3.7 percent in 2013 (as compared with 2012). In the first three years of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period (2011-2013), energy consumption per unit of GDP was reduced by 9 percent; the equivalent of approximately 350 million tons coal equivalen ...
Revised text - Harvard Kennedy School
... and – most importantly – for 7 big emerging markets: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and South Korea. Thus we have a firm numerical basis on which to extrapolate what sorts of emission targets are politically reasonable. In order to project our targets into the future we use t ...
... and – most importantly – for 7 big emerging markets: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and South Korea. Thus we have a firm numerical basis on which to extrapolate what sorts of emission targets are politically reasonable. In order to project our targets into the future we use t ...
Analysis of trends in temperature and rainfall in selected
... is insufficient to prevent climate-induced disasters. Solomon et al. (2009) pointed out that severity of damage due to climate change depends not only on magnitude, but on irreversibility also. The effect of GHG emissions is largely irreversible for hundreds of years after the emissions have stopped ...
... is insufficient to prevent climate-induced disasters. Solomon et al. (2009) pointed out that severity of damage due to climate change depends not only on magnitude, but on irreversibility also. The effect of GHG emissions is largely irreversible for hundreds of years after the emissions have stopped ...
Risk Insurance and Facility Management
... Increased Labour and/or Cost Implications or Demands: Utility costs are increasing consistently above the rate of inflation. Aging buildings, Facility Condition Index (FCI) increasing, expect increase in building operating costs. Insurers are pursuing subrogation opportunities with more conviction a ...
... Increased Labour and/or Cost Implications or Demands: Utility costs are increasing consistently above the rate of inflation. Aging buildings, Facility Condition Index (FCI) increasing, expect increase in building operating costs. Insurers are pursuing subrogation opportunities with more conviction a ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... the year 2100. Including non-CO2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model’s climate sensitivity increases the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. Mathews et al. (2005) also suggest differences in the net primary productivity (NPP) response to climate changes and hence an additional contribut ...
... the year 2100. Including non-CO2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model’s climate sensitivity increases the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. Mathews et al. (2005) also suggest differences in the net primary productivity (NPP) response to climate changes and hence an additional contribut ...
PROXY MEMORANDUM To: Marathon Petroleum Corporation
... revenues associated with various scenarios. Without additional details indicating that the company is setting long-term goals that incorporate changing levels of demand, using an internal price on carbon to inform decision-making, or testing the company’s short- and longterm business plans and capi ...
... revenues associated with various scenarios. Without additional details indicating that the company is setting long-term goals that incorporate changing levels of demand, using an internal price on carbon to inform decision-making, or testing the company’s short- and longterm business plans and capi ...
Global Warming and Climate Change
... Most scientists agree that a substantial component of the surface warming that began in the mid-1970s is a result of changes in the earth’s greenhouse effect, largely caused by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. It has long been known that atmospheric carbon dioxide must build up at an ever-in ...
... Most scientists agree that a substantial component of the surface warming that began in the mid-1970s is a result of changes in the earth’s greenhouse effect, largely caused by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. It has long been known that atmospheric carbon dioxide must build up at an ever-in ...
Is Global Warming Mainly Due to Anthropogenic GHG Emissions?
... In reply to the claim that nothing else could account for recent warming, Lindzen (2007) points out that the standard models omit many important climate factors such as El Niño, the Little Ice Age, the Medieval Warm Period, etc. Many of which are long-time scale phenomena (involving time scales of s ...
... In reply to the claim that nothing else could account for recent warming, Lindzen (2007) points out that the standard models omit many important climate factors such as El Niño, the Little Ice Age, the Medieval Warm Period, etc. Many of which are long-time scale phenomena (involving time scales of s ...
a i4314e
... impacts climate change is already having on the effectiveness of agricultural growth strategies, the first step of the CSA approach is to develop an evidence base. The purpose of this step is to identify strategies for increasing productivity and agricultural incomes, as well as obtaining estimates ...
... impacts climate change is already having on the effectiveness of agricultural growth strategies, the first step of the CSA approach is to develop an evidence base. The purpose of this step is to identify strategies for increasing productivity and agricultural incomes, as well as obtaining estimates ...
Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and
... in India that are ‘‘double exposed’’; and (4) conducting case studies in selected districts. This method may be used to assess differential vulnerability for any particular sector within a nation or region, and it can serve as a basis for targeting policy interventions. We focus on India’s agricultu ...
... in India that are ‘‘double exposed’’; and (4) conducting case studies in selected districts. This method may be used to assess differential vulnerability for any particular sector within a nation or region, and it can serve as a basis for targeting policy interventions. We focus on India’s agricultu ...
Belanger OLLI week4 slides - Denver Climate Study Group
... http://sos.noaa.gov/What_is_SOS/index.html ; used at DMNS where I’ve been co-developing a climate change playlist, soon to be released. In the meantime see http://spaceodyssey.dmns.org/exhibitsprograms/interactivesexhibits/sos.aspx ...
... http://sos.noaa.gov/What_is_SOS/index.html ; used at DMNS where I’ve been co-developing a climate change playlist, soon to be released. In the meantime see http://spaceodyssey.dmns.org/exhibitsprograms/interactivesexhibits/sos.aspx ...
Uncertain futures
... countries is of crucial importance for the continued development of antibiotic resistance, both globally and in Sweden. The problem requires collaboration on a global scale. To develop new antibiotics has proven to be extremely difficult and a new antibiotic also risks rapidly losing effect in a wor ...
... countries is of crucial importance for the continued development of antibiotic resistance, both globally and in Sweden. The problem requires collaboration on a global scale. To develop new antibiotics has proven to be extremely difficult and a new antibiotic also risks rapidly losing effect in a wor ...
related paper by Mann (PDF)
... applying the laws of physics (fluid dynamics and radiation balance) and principles of chemistry and biology to describe the behavior of the components of the climate system (the ocean, the atmosphere, ice sheets, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere) and the interactions between them. These mode ...
... applying the laws of physics (fluid dynamics and radiation balance) and principles of chemistry and biology to describe the behavior of the components of the climate system (the ocean, the atmosphere, ice sheets, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere) and the interactions between them. These mode ...
Geography at Key Stage 3. What will I learn? How will I be assessed
... Urban planning. UK cities: A case study of a UK city to show: Location and importance. Impacts of migration. Opportunities created by growth. How growth has created challenges. Urban regeneration. Homework is set at least once weekly. Assessments after each section. Sustainable urban living: Feature ...
... Urban planning. UK cities: A case study of a UK city to show: Location and importance. Impacts of migration. Opportunities created by growth. How growth has created challenges. Urban regeneration. Homework is set at least once weekly. Assessments after each section. Sustainable urban living: Feature ...
The contribution of Portuguese agriculture to the climate
... many regions of Europe, requiring innovative science-based approaches to evaluate the complexity of environmental and socio-economic impacts and people's vulnerability. In the European context, it is essential to improve the understanding of drought processes and occurrences, develop innovative drou ...
... many regions of Europe, requiring innovative science-based approaches to evaluate the complexity of environmental and socio-economic impacts and people's vulnerability. In the European context, it is essential to improve the understanding of drought processes and occurrences, develop innovative drou ...