W How to Take A R T I C L E S
... ater management and the resolution of water disputes have long relied on a simple and fundamental assumption: the past is a way to understand the present and to predict the future. Thus, for example, water allocation decisions—whether made by states in negotiating an interstate compact or by courts ...
... ater management and the resolution of water disputes have long relied on a simple and fundamental assumption: the past is a way to understand the present and to predict the future. Thus, for example, water allocation decisions—whether made by states in negotiating an interstate compact or by courts ...
CRP_Capacity Building_U.S. Japan Canada
... intended nationally determined contributions, national adaptation programmes of action, NAPs, NAMAs, and a range of other activities, have contributed to the development of individual level capacity within and across national institutions, Recognizing the important role that the Durban Forum plays i ...
... intended nationally determined contributions, national adaptation programmes of action, NAPs, NAMAs, and a range of other activities, have contributed to the development of individual level capacity within and across national institutions, Recognizing the important role that the Durban Forum plays i ...
Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and
... factor. The optimum temperature for net photosynthesis rarely exceeds 30 8C for major European tree species. Thus, at high temperatures photorespiration is stimulated while photosynthesis is inhibited (Rennenberg et al., 2006). The changes in climate will also have associated consequences for biotic ...
... factor. The optimum temperature for net photosynthesis rarely exceeds 30 8C for major European tree species. Thus, at high temperatures photorespiration is stimulated while photosynthesis is inhibited (Rennenberg et al., 2006). The changes in climate will also have associated consequences for biotic ...
4. an assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change
... which the 2015 value was essentially matched or exceeded (five) is FAR = 1 − 0.033/0.083 = 0.60. With the caveat that it is based on one ensemble member from one climate model, we conclude from this experiment that climate change has increased the risk of a fire year as severe as 2015 by 34%–60%. Se ...
... which the 2015 value was essentially matched or exceeded (five) is FAR = 1 − 0.033/0.083 = 0.60. With the caveat that it is based on one ensemble member from one climate model, we conclude from this experiment that climate change has increased the risk of a fire year as severe as 2015 by 34%–60%. Se ...
Climate Change Effects on North American Inland Fish Populations
... have been observed migrating to the ocean earlier, in concert with warmer spring temperatures (Taylor 2008; Kovach et al. 2013). However, many fall-spawning Pacific salmon populations in southeast Alaska are also beginning their freshwater migrations earlier than in the past (Kovach et al. 2015). Th ...
... have been observed migrating to the ocean earlier, in concert with warmer spring temperatures (Taylor 2008; Kovach et al. 2013). However, many fall-spawning Pacific salmon populations in southeast Alaska are also beginning their freshwater migrations earlier than in the past (Kovach et al. 2015). Th ...
Exploring the relationship between climate change and rice yield in
... yield. However, these studies were confined to simulation modelling to assist in identifying the physiological effects of high temperatures on crop yield (Schlenker and Roberts, 2008). Regression models that use historical data on both climate variables and yields are more capable of providing accura ...
... yield. However, these studies were confined to simulation modelling to assist in identifying the physiological effects of high temperatures on crop yield (Schlenker and Roberts, 2008). Regression models that use historical data on both climate variables and yields are more capable of providing accura ...
The Nation Ex-Situ: On climate change, deterritorialized nationhood
... focus. Impacts of climate change may exacerbate pre-existing vulnerabilities typical of nationstates of similar size and stage of development. For certain states, however, climate change and associated sea-level rise threaten the very survival of their entire territory. This consequence, particularl ...
... focus. Impacts of climate change may exacerbate pre-existing vulnerabilities typical of nationstates of similar size and stage of development. For certain states, however, climate change and associated sea-level rise threaten the very survival of their entire territory. This consequence, particularl ...
Floods in the Sahel: an analysis of anomalies, Petra Tschakert
... of past flood events and what strategies they have used to respond to these events. Decision-makers here are small-scale farmers, fishermen, and Fulani herders—the supposedly ‘most vulnerable’—as well as district policy makers and agricultural extension agents in three case study areas in Ghana. Sec ...
... of past flood events and what strategies they have used to respond to these events. Decision-makers here are small-scale farmers, fishermen, and Fulani herders—the supposedly ‘most vulnerable’—as well as district policy makers and agricultural extension agents in three case study areas in Ghana. Sec ...
Establishment of an ecosystem transect to address climate change
... There has been lively debate about how ecological science could better link to biodiversity policy to inform the management of natural systems and ecosystem services in the face of anthropogenic impacts (Jones et al. 1999; Watson 2005; Moser and Luers 2008; Perrings et al. 2011). Climate change is r ...
... There has been lively debate about how ecological science could better link to biodiversity policy to inform the management of natural systems and ecosystem services in the face of anthropogenic impacts (Jones et al. 1999; Watson 2005; Moser and Luers 2008; Perrings et al. 2011). Climate change is r ...
Slide 1
... should be integrated in project design and implementation plans Integrated Safeguards System ...
... should be integrated in project design and implementation plans Integrated Safeguards System ...
Ayni, Ayllu - Kings College
... upon in all of the focus group discussions was that certain potato crops can no longer be cultivated in the lower zones of the Park, since there has been a rise in the incidence of diseases linked to higher temperatures. As a result, the communities have shifted cultivation zones upwards. While this ...
... upon in all of the focus group discussions was that certain potato crops can no longer be cultivated in the lower zones of the Park, since there has been a rise in the incidence of diseases linked to higher temperatures. As a result, the communities have shifted cultivation zones upwards. While this ...
Climate change and food_MULLIGAN_Accepted
... (Nakicenovic et al., 2000) A2A scenario represents high growth and a global 3.5°C warming relative to 1990 by 2100. Data from this scenario were used as monthly downscaled GCM output (Ramirez and Jarvis, 2010) for temperature and precipitation. Only monthly temperature and precipitation change was e ...
... (Nakicenovic et al., 2000) A2A scenario represents high growth and a global 3.5°C warming relative to 1990 by 2100. Data from this scenario were used as monthly downscaled GCM output (Ramirez and Jarvis, 2010) for temperature and precipitation. Only monthly temperature and precipitation change was e ...
Interannual variability and expected regional climate change over
... in the second, noise is viewed as the combination of both model error and natural variability. They called this moment the Time of Emergence (TOE) of the climate change signal, a term that is entering common use. In our study, we concentrate on interannual variability, leaving aside model error and ...
... in the second, noise is viewed as the combination of both model error and natural variability. They called this moment the Time of Emergence (TOE) of the climate change signal, a term that is entering common use. In our study, we concentrate on interannual variability, leaving aside model error and ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... more difficult by uncertainty on future changes in vulnerability and on future adaptation to climate change, and by valuation problems and ethical issues (e.g. concerning the discount rate or the valuation of life and ecosystems). In this paper, we build upon Quintana Seguı́ et al. (2011) and propos ...
... more difficult by uncertainty on future changes in vulnerability and on future adaptation to climate change, and by valuation problems and ethical issues (e.g. concerning the discount rate or the valuation of life and ecosystems). In this paper, we build upon Quintana Seguı́ et al. (2011) and propos ...
From adaptation to climate-resilient development: the costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa (388 kB ) (opens in new window)
... form. These models can be used to understand the interaction across sectors within an economy and to factor in economy-wide constraints, for example in the labor market. Much of this latter work has been developed by economists at the World Bank (Bourgignon et al. 2008, Lofgren and Diaz-Bonilla 2008 ...
... form. These models can be used to understand the interaction across sectors within an economy and to factor in economy-wide constraints, for example in the labor market. Much of this latter work has been developed by economists at the World Bank (Bourgignon et al. 2008, Lofgren and Diaz-Bonilla 2008 ...
From Climate Science to Adaptation Decision-Making Mark Stafford Smith
... – Use risk management, ‘soft adaptations’ to delay expensive decisions (but prepare for these), ‘real options’ analysis 3. Even direction of response unsure – Robust decision-making, risk hedging against alternative futures, etc ...
... – Use risk management, ‘soft adaptations’ to delay expensive decisions (but prepare for these), ‘real options’ analysis 3. Even direction of response unsure – Robust decision-making, risk hedging against alternative futures, etc ...
Vulnerability of coastal communities to key
... vulnerability is generally considered to be the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, the adverse effects of a chronic or stochastic disturbance (Adger, 2006; Cutter, 1996). Vulnerability to environmental change varies across spatial and temporal scales, and for differ ...
... vulnerability is generally considered to be the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, the adverse effects of a chronic or stochastic disturbance (Adger, 2006; Cutter, 1996). Vulnerability to environmental change varies across spatial and temporal scales, and for differ ...
Agriculture and Climate Change in Kenya: Climate Chaos, Policy
... support farmers at the local level do or do not receive, and the extent to which their own interests are fore grounded or marginalised within the policy process. Ultimately, the policy response to climate change in the agricultural sector is one important factor which mediates local-level vulnerabil ...
... support farmers at the local level do or do not receive, and the extent to which their own interests are fore grounded or marginalised within the policy process. Ultimately, the policy response to climate change in the agricultural sector is one important factor which mediates local-level vulnerabil ...
Nippon Foundation-Nereus Report "Predicting Future Oceans"
... of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes and their implications for international ocean governance, it is imperative that all stakeholders involved have access to the latest scientific knowledge and understanding of the relationships ...
... of our future oceans and their capacity to produce seafood. Given the scale of these environmental changes and their implications for international ocean governance, it is imperative that all stakeholders involved have access to the latest scientific knowledge and understanding of the relationships ...
Climate Regulation and the Limits of Cost
... There is by now a broad consensus that global warming threatens significant harm to the welfare of people across the world and that national governments should take steps to curb warming and alleviate the harm caused by climate change.2 After dragging its heels, the United States has joined most oth ...
... There is by now a broad consensus that global warming threatens significant harm to the welfare of people across the world and that national governments should take steps to curb warming and alleviate the harm caused by climate change.2 After dragging its heels, the United States has joined most oth ...
Co-benefits of global greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality
... • Foreign GHG mitigation accounts for 62% of the total avoided deaths from O3, and 15% for PM2.5. • Previous regional or national co‐benefits studies may underestimate the full co‐benefits of coordinated global actions. • U.S. can gain significantly greater co‐benefits, especially for ozone, by coll ...
... • Foreign GHG mitigation accounts for 62% of the total avoided deaths from O3, and 15% for PM2.5. • Previous regional or national co‐benefits studies may underestimate the full co‐benefits of coordinated global actions. • U.S. can gain significantly greater co‐benefits, especially for ozone, by coll ...
contributions by the world meteorological organization to the
... Agriculture plays a crucial role in developing countries – particularly in LDCs – both in promoting food security and, for much of the population, as the major economic activity with direct linkages to rural development, which results in eradication of poverty and hunger. Agriculture, however, is am ...
... Agriculture plays a crucial role in developing countries – particularly in LDCs – both in promoting food security and, for much of the population, as the major economic activity with direct linkages to rural development, which results in eradication of poverty and hunger. Agriculture, however, is am ...
case study: weyerhaeuser - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... shelter, and energy, and each of its businesses is creating products and services to meet this vision. The timberlands business is expanding its scope to embrace the Weyerhaeuser Solutions model. The cellulose fibers business is generating a stream of new products to provide feedstocks for textiles, ...
... shelter, and energy, and each of its businesses is creating products and services to meet this vision. The timberlands business is expanding its scope to embrace the Weyerhaeuser Solutions model. The cellulose fibers business is generating a stream of new products to provide feedstocks for textiles, ...
Inequality, communication and the avoidance of disastrous climate change: Working Paper 34 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... public good, where the benefits of efforts to reduce emissions are shared by all, irrespective of individual contributions. Such disconnect between individual and collective interest is a prime cause of public goods under-provision (3 -7 ). Whereas public goods experiments under controlled condition ...
... public good, where the benefits of efforts to reduce emissions are shared by all, irrespective of individual contributions. Such disconnect between individual and collective interest is a prime cause of public goods under-provision (3 -7 ). Whereas public goods experiments under controlled condition ...
A modified impulse-response representation of the global response
... 5, convert to a α using equation 4 and apply to the carbon-cycle equations (equation 1). This means the iIRF100 is only exactly reproduced under constant background conditions with infinitesimal perturbations. Values of iIRF100 larger than 100 years correspond to a net carbon source in response to a ...
... 5, convert to a α using equation 4 and apply to the carbon-cycle equations (equation 1). This means the iIRF100 is only exactly reproduced under constant background conditions with infinitesimal perturbations. Values of iIRF100 larger than 100 years correspond to a net carbon source in response to a ...