Technological Challenges Nigeria
... climate normal's (expected average values for temperature and precipitation) for a given place and time of year, from one decade to the next. “Climate change" involves more than just a change in the weather; it refers to seasonal changes over a long period of time. It is important to note that clima ...
... climate normal's (expected average values for temperature and precipitation) for a given place and time of year, from one decade to the next. “Climate change" involves more than just a change in the weather; it refers to seasonal changes over a long period of time. It is important to note that clima ...
key issues relevant to capacity building for climate services
... https://www.meted.ucar.edu/ ), which offers over 300 substantial learning resources on weather, climate, and other geosciences topics, comprising over 500 hours of learning opportunities. Thirty three of these resources are on climaterelated topics, and many of these are designed direct ...
... https://www.meted.ucar.edu/ ), which offers over 300 substantial learning resources on weather, climate, and other geosciences topics, comprising over 500 hours of learning opportunities. Thirty three of these resources are on climaterelated topics, and many of these are designed direct ...
PDF
... were simulated to occur in the period April to June which is the period during which crops are sown. In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate chan ...
... were simulated to occur in the period April to June which is the period during which crops are sown. In dryland wheat production, rainfall is a key determinant of grain yield. Hence, it may be anticipated that a decline in annual, and more particularly growing season rainfall, caused by climate chan ...
Increasing Atmospheric Poleward Energy Transport with Global
... where a is the radius of the earth, φ is latitude, and λ is longitude. To evaluate the change in MSE flux, we calculate the difference between the warmer and the control periods listed in Table 1. The change in northward MSE flux in each model is plotted in Fig. 1. Most models show increasing polewa ...
... where a is the radius of the earth, φ is latitude, and λ is longitude. To evaluate the change in MSE flux, we calculate the difference between the warmer and the control periods listed in Table 1. The change in northward MSE flux in each model is plotted in Fig. 1. Most models show increasing polewa ...
Detection and Attribution of External Influences on the Climate System
... detection, who have been collaborating on assessing and reducing uncertainties in the detection of climate change since 1995. Early results from the group were contributed to the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR; IPCC 1996). Additional results were reported by Barnett et al. (1999) and contributed ...
... detection, who have been collaborating on assessing and reducing uncertainties in the detection of climate change since 1995. Early results from the group were contributed to the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR; IPCC 1996). Additional results were reported by Barnett et al. (1999) and contributed ...
COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS - CAR-SPAW-RAC
... The cost of conserving CMEs as a means to reduce GHG emissions relative to other emissions reduction approaches (such as energy efficiency or alternative energy generation) is less clear. As nations struggle to reduce GHG emissions, it has become apparent that targets and commitments cannot be met t ...
... The cost of conserving CMEs as a means to reduce GHG emissions relative to other emissions reduction approaches (such as energy efficiency or alternative energy generation) is less clear. As nations struggle to reduce GHG emissions, it has become apparent that targets and commitments cannot be met t ...
Paper on Enforcement with regard to the Adaptation to Climate
... to perform consistency checks. It is imaginable that a comprehensive reporting system on adaptation would, on a voluntary basis, include other key stakeholders, such as local governments and industry. This would contribute to better information of the public in an area where the public can be strong ...
... to perform consistency checks. It is imaginable that a comprehensive reporting system on adaptation would, on a voluntary basis, include other key stakeholders, such as local governments and industry. This would contribute to better information of the public in an area where the public can be strong ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
... The climate impact of investors has over the past year been propelled to the top of the climate change agenda. While investors launched initiatives such as the PRI’s Montreal Carbon Pledge1 and the UNEP’s Portfolio Decarbonization Coalition2 to report on investment emissions and reduce greenhouse ga ...
... The climate impact of investors has over the past year been propelled to the top of the climate change agenda. While investors launched initiatives such as the PRI’s Montreal Carbon Pledge1 and the UNEP’s Portfolio Decarbonization Coalition2 to report on investment emissions and reduce greenhouse ga ...
Non-Marginal Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Tyranny of
... those who gain from the project should be able to compensate the losers and have some net gains left over. The Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle is often invoked as the theoretical underpinning for discounting future (monetary) costs and benefits with the rate of return on capital:1 if costs and b ...
... those who gain from the project should be able to compensate the losers and have some net gains left over. The Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle is often invoked as the theoretical underpinning for discounting future (monetary) costs and benefits with the rate of return on capital:1 if costs and b ...
pdf Do We Understand What Is Driving Climate Change?
... Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in particular the Working Group I and II Reports (WGI chapters 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9 and WGII chapter 1) and the Synthesis Report (SYR Topic 2).16 Since the AR4, further research advances have been made. In particula ...
... Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in particular the Working Group I and II Reports (WGI chapters 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9 and WGII chapter 1) and the Synthesis Report (SYR Topic 2).16 Since the AR4, further research advances have been made. In particula ...
El Niño – tracking a global climate phenomenon
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... seen. And the low-lying Pacific nation of Kiribati is likely to be among the first victims of such a disaster. As such, this article examines a number of strategies for the relocation of Kiribati, and finds that bilateral migration deals with Australia and New Zealand present the best policy option. ...
... seen. And the low-lying Pacific nation of Kiribati is likely to be among the first victims of such a disaster. As such, this article examines a number of strategies for the relocation of Kiribati, and finds that bilateral migration deals with Australia and New Zealand present the best policy option. ...
here - School of Social and Political Science
... School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Corresponding author: Rachel Howell, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK. Phone: 0131 651 1384; email: [email protected] Rachel Ho ...
... School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Corresponding author: Rachel Howell, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK. Phone: 0131 651 1384; email: [email protected] Rachel Ho ...
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate
... consistent approach, nor are there extensive resources and tools to help municipalities assess their vulnerabilities to climate change. London (U.K.) and Halifax have published detailed investigations into the range of risks that climate change poses for their communities. Halifax is well along in p ...
... consistent approach, nor are there extensive resources and tools to help municipalities assess their vulnerabilities to climate change. London (U.K.) and Halifax have published detailed investigations into the range of risks that climate change poses for their communities. Halifax is well along in p ...
Subglobal Regulation of the Global Commons: The Case of Climate
... characterize some global commons problems—including that of global climate change—diverge from those underpinning the standard "tragedy of the commons" model. We argue that this divergence leaves room for significant, economically rational, unilateral action by individual actors towards commons pres ...
... characterize some global commons problems—including that of global climate change—diverge from those underpinning the standard "tragedy of the commons" model. We argue that this divergence leaves room for significant, economically rational, unilateral action by individual actors towards commons pres ...
Wine Grape Suitability and Quality in a Changing Climate
... acid levels often lag behind the development of sugars. If the sugars develop too quickly, then the acids may not reach their ideal levels, producing a flat or “flabby” wine. In addition, grapes that contain too high of a sugar content, may produce a wine with a much higher alcohol content, which in ...
... acid levels often lag behind the development of sugars. If the sugars develop too quickly, then the acids may not reach their ideal levels, producing a flat or “flabby” wine. In addition, grapes that contain too high of a sugar content, may produce a wine with a much higher alcohol content, which in ...
Socio-economic implications of climate change for tea producing countries
... A change in the supply structure in recent decades is the transformation from large plantations to smallholders. In Sri Lanka and Kenya, for example, smallholders are now responsible for about 76 percent and 62 percent of total production, respectively. Tea cultivation is attractive to smallholders ...
... A change in the supply structure in recent decades is the transformation from large plantations to smallholders. In Sri Lanka and Kenya, for example, smallholders are now responsible for about 76 percent and 62 percent of total production, respectively. Tea cultivation is attractive to smallholders ...
CHANGING HOW EARTH SYSTEM MODELING IS DONE TO
... because the level of detail has evolved over time to address different scientific questions. The predominant direction of model development to date has been the addition of more details, simulating an increasing number of different processes. In so doing, they have increased our understanding of the ...
... because the level of detail has evolved over time to address different scientific questions. The predominant direction of model development to date has been the addition of more details, simulating an increasing number of different processes. In so doing, they have increased our understanding of the ...
9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
Strengthening of the Walker Circulation under Global Warming in an
... evaporative damping mechanism (Zhang and Li, 2014). In the tropics, due to the weak horizontal temperature gradient, atmospheric adiabatic cooling associated with ascending motion is approximately balanced by diabatic heating in either present-day (PD) or global warming (GW) climate states. The anth ...
... evaporative damping mechanism (Zhang and Li, 2014). In the tropics, due to the weak horizontal temperature gradient, atmospheric adiabatic cooling associated with ascending motion is approximately balanced by diabatic heating in either present-day (PD) or global warming (GW) climate states. The anth ...
11Climate Change
... Population Growth and Fossil Fuels—The Setting for Climate Change As discussed in earlier chapters, carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from human activities is amplifying Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. It is released into the atmosphere naturally from outgassing (discussed in Chapter 9) and from micr ...
... Population Growth and Fossil Fuels—The Setting for Climate Change As discussed in earlier chapters, carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from human activities is amplifying Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. It is released into the atmosphere naturally from outgassing (discussed in Chapter 9) and from micr ...
The Value of Carbon in Decision-Making
... • The MAC reflects the cost of one unit of emission reduction to meet a specific emissions target. It allows policy-makers to make three critical policy decisions: what the emission reduction target should be, the best way to achieve it, and how much each approach will cost. Further, it facilitates ...
... • The MAC reflects the cost of one unit of emission reduction to meet a specific emissions target. It allows policy-makers to make three critical policy decisions: what the emission reduction target should be, the best way to achieve it, and how much each approach will cost. Further, it facilitates ...