A 10230 - Instituto de Biologia
... more commonly consumed by arboreal species, groundnesting ants frequently climb onto plants to search for this type of food (Oliveira and Brand¼o 1991; Del-Claro and Oliveira 1996; Blthgen et al. 2000). Because the majority of ants appear to have an opportunistic diet that combines plant/insect exu ...
... more commonly consumed by arboreal species, groundnesting ants frequently climb onto plants to search for this type of food (Oliveira and Brand¼o 1991; Del-Claro and Oliveira 1996; Blthgen et al. 2000). Because the majority of ants appear to have an opportunistic diet that combines plant/insect exu ...
... Schemske (1980) found that while six ant species visited nectaries of Costus woodsonii, Wasmannia auropunctata was by far the most effective in defense against a dipteran seed predator because its small size allowed it to forage beneath the bracts of the inflorescence and feed on the fly larvae. An ...
Effect of Allegheny Mound Ant - Annals of the Entomological Society
... forming the majority of understory plants. All jack pine saplings between 1.5 and 3 m tall were identiÞed in each ant-density plot. Taller trees would have required the use of tall ladders and much more time to thoroughly examine higher branches than required for the shorter saplings. Fifteen of the ...
... forming the majority of understory plants. All jack pine saplings between 1.5 and 3 m tall were identiÞed in each ant-density plot. Taller trees would have required the use of tall ladders and much more time to thoroughly examine higher branches than required for the shorter saplings. Fifteen of the ...
The Pareto, Zipf and other power laws. - UVic Math
... No doubt there are many other examples fitting within this paradigm, whose essential elements are random proportional (geometric) change and random stopping or observation. For example if new stock issues occurred in a Poisson process and individual stock prices evolved following GBM, one might expe ...
... No doubt there are many other examples fitting within this paradigm, whose essential elements are random proportional (geometric) change and random stopping or observation. For example if new stock issues occurred in a Poisson process and individual stock prices evolved following GBM, one might expe ...
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... “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant chief, and yes, ...
... “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant chief, and yes, ...
Behavioural Therapy
... to talk on the phone to her friends could serve as a positive reinforcement for completing her home work. ...
... to talk on the phone to her friends could serve as a positive reinforcement for completing her home work. ...
Swarm behaviour
Swarm behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. It is highly interdisciplinary topic. As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other entity or animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called blooms, although these organisms are algae and are not self-propelled the way animals are. By extension, the term swarm is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviours, as in a robot swarm, an earthquake swarm, or a swarm of stars.From a more abstract point of view, swarm behaviour is the collective motion of a large number of self-propelled entities. From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, it is an emergent behaviour arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination. Swarm behaviour is also studied by active matter physicists as a phenomenon which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and as such requires the development of tools beyond those available from the statistical physics of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.Swarm behaviour was first simulated on a computer in 1986 with the simulation program boids. This program simulates simple agents (boids) that are allowed to move according to a set of basic rules. The model was originally designed to mimic the flocking behaviour of birds, but it can be applied also to schooling fish and other swarming entities.