Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions
... one mutualist is often accompanied by an increased presence of alternative, acceptable mutualist specie+32. Furthermore, many facultative mutualists are able to survive and reproduce to some extent even in the total absence of the reward or service provided by their partners. For example, plants pro ...
... one mutualist is often accompanied by an increased presence of alternative, acceptable mutualist specie+32. Furthermore, many facultative mutualists are able to survive and reproduce to some extent even in the total absence of the reward or service provided by their partners. For example, plants pro ...
An ant–plant by-product mutualism is robust to selective logging of
... loss of forest species and invasion by non-natives (Mack et al. 2000)—and hence increased likelihood of the formation of novel species interactions. Although these nonnative species are often considered in a negative context, they have the potential to be functionally important in novel ecosystems ( ...
... loss of forest species and invasion by non-natives (Mack et al. 2000)—and hence increased likelihood of the formation of novel species interactions. Although these nonnative species are often considered in a negative context, they have the potential to be functionally important in novel ecosystems ( ...
predation on social and solitary individuals of the spider
... The survival of dispersing spiders was testMountain Camp (19°50'S, 14°00'E) and Hobed by artificial relocation . Spiders (n = 497) atere Lodge (19°16'S, 14°25'E) . The interior were taken out of their nests and allowed to of Namibia is semi-arid with rainfalls being build new retreats in the laborat ...
... The survival of dispersing spiders was testMountain Camp (19°50'S, 14°00'E) and Hobed by artificial relocation . Spiders (n = 497) atere Lodge (19°16'S, 14°25'E) . The interior were taken out of their nests and allowed to of Namibia is semi-arid with rainfalls being build new retreats in the laborat ...
POPULATION SURVEY OF THE INTERIOR LEAST TERN
... The locations of the colonies as indicated on the 1998 Navigation Maps (Appendix A-I) should be viewed as only approximations based on river mile markers visible from or nearby the sites. Since many sand and gravel bars do move or change shape often, such features on the maps do not necessarily corr ...
... The locations of the colonies as indicated on the 1998 Navigation Maps (Appendix A-I) should be viewed as only approximations based on river mile markers visible from or nearby the sites. Since many sand and gravel bars do move or change shape often, such features on the maps do not necessarily corr ...
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2003) - Instituto de Biologia
... 1), and were attracted to 31% and 23% of the tuna, and 19% and 22% of the honey baits, respectively. The two species together accounted for 35% of the ant–diaspore interactions recorded (197 out of 562; see Table 1). In general, these large ponerines individually removed diaspores (small- or medium- ...
... 1), and were attracted to 31% and 23% of the tuna, and 19% and 22% of the honey baits, respectively. The two species together accounted for 35% of the ant–diaspore interactions recorded (197 out of 562; see Table 1). In general, these large ponerines individually removed diaspores (small- or medium- ...
Comparison of ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in
... (2 cm × 5 cm) soaked with 40% honey. This is a technique similar to those used to measure ant richness and activity in a variety of habitats and locations [Perfecto, Vandermeer, 2002]. We started to check the baits approximately 20 minutes after placing them, recorded the ants present at baits, and ...
... (2 cm × 5 cm) soaked with 40% honey. This is a technique similar to those used to measure ant richness and activity in a variety of habitats and locations [Perfecto, Vandermeer, 2002]. We started to check the baits approximately 20 minutes after placing them, recorded the ants present at baits, and ...
Biogeography and community structure of North American
... for foundresses and incipient colonies and high longevity (∼15 to >30 years) after colonies reach ∼2 years of age (29, 56, 61, 94, 98, 163). Colonies grow rapidly and after several years produce up to several hundred alate males and females (i.e. winged reproductive castes) per year (58, 60, 61, 102 ...
... for foundresses and incipient colonies and high longevity (∼15 to >30 years) after colonies reach ∼2 years of age (29, 56, 61, 94, 98, 163). Colonies grow rapidly and after several years produce up to several hundred alate males and females (i.e. winged reproductive castes) per year (58, 60, 61, 102 ...
MUTUALISM AS RECIPROCAL EXPLOITATION: AFRICAN PLANT
... plant parts following disturbance We chose 12 fruiting host plants between 1.5 and 2.25 m in height occupied by each of the four ant species and where new growth was present on at least one branch. On each host plant, two observers each arbitrarily selected a branch bearing either developing fruits ...
... plant parts following disturbance We chose 12 fruiting host plants between 1.5 and 2.25 m in height occupied by each of the four ant species and where new growth was present on at least one branch. On each host plant, two observers each arbitrarily selected a branch bearing either developing fruits ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... Understanding the mechanisms that determine local patterns of diversity is among the primary goals of ecology. Among these mechanisms, competition is mentioned as the regulatory factor structuring biological communities, despite the fact that the concept is controversial in ecology. Myrmecologists, ...
... Understanding the mechanisms that determine local patterns of diversity is among the primary goals of ecology. Among these mechanisms, competition is mentioned as the regulatory factor structuring biological communities, despite the fact that the concept is controversial in ecology. Myrmecologists, ...
Differential response of ants to nutrient addition in a tropical Brown
... of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Tel.: þ32 2 627 43 57. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Jacquemin). 0038-0717/$ e see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.007 ...
... of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Tel.: þ32 2 627 43 57. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Jacquemin). 0038-0717/$ e see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.007 ...
APHIDS AND ANTS - underc - University of Notre Dame
... 2007, Bronstein 1994). This is debated; Chamberlain and Holland (2009) assert that certain aphid-ant mutualisms always benefit both species. In one study conducted by Offenberg, aphidant mutualism can quickly change to exploitation. When given sugar as an alternative food source to aphid honeydew, ...
... 2007, Bronstein 1994). This is debated; Chamberlain and Holland (2009) assert that certain aphid-ant mutualisms always benefit both species. In one study conducted by Offenberg, aphidant mutualism can quickly change to exploitation. When given sugar as an alternative food source to aphid honeydew, ...
Latest records of introduced invertebrates in Galapagos and
... reported during 2005 and 2006 arrived in Galapagos at an earlier date; 69% of the new species recorded were collected in Galapagos from 1960 to 2004, but were first identified in 2005 and 2006. This was mainly due to difficulties in identifying species or because many specimens were kept unclassifie ...
... reported during 2005 and 2006 arrived in Galapagos at an earlier date; 69% of the new species recorded were collected in Galapagos from 1960 to 2004, but were first identified in 2005 and 2006. This was mainly due to difficulties in identifying species or because many specimens were kept unclassifie ...
Impacts of red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta on survivorship
... or irritation of the skin caused by ant stings, reduced prey numbers for other invertebrates and vertebrates, and possible changes in behavior that could affect subsequent survival (Allen et al. 2004). This work confirms that S. invicta can also cause negative effects in places where it is native. T ...
... or irritation of the skin caused by ant stings, reduced prey numbers for other invertebrates and vertebrates, and possible changes in behavior that could affect subsequent survival (Allen et al. 2004). This work confirms that S. invicta can also cause negative effects in places where it is native. T ...
Red Imported Fire Ants and Their Impacts on Wildlife
... Impacts of Red Imported Fire Ants on Wildlife RIFA are omnivorous, feeding on both animal and plant material. However, insects appear to be their preferred food source. They will tend and guard some species of sucking insect, such as aphids, which in return provide them with a nutritious, sugary ...
... Impacts of Red Imported Fire Ants on Wildlife RIFA are omnivorous, feeding on both animal and plant material. However, insects appear to be their preferred food source. They will tend and guard some species of sucking insect, such as aphids, which in return provide them with a nutritious, sugary ...
(Corema conradii) benefits from ant seed dispersal in coastal US
... typically explained by three theories: (1) the predatoravoidance theory, which posits that predator pressures are greatest at the parent plant and rapid removal of seeds away from the parent plant reduces predation (Janzen 1970; Heithaus 1981; Bond and Slingsby 1984; Beattie 1985; Ohkawara and Higas ...
... typically explained by three theories: (1) the predatoravoidance theory, which posits that predator pressures are greatest at the parent plant and rapid removal of seeds away from the parent plant reduces predation (Janzen 1970; Heithaus 1981; Bond and Slingsby 1984; Beattie 1985; Ohkawara and Higas ...
Species diversity and dominance-richness relationships for ground
... diversity at baits in three different Namibian habitats (savannah, saltpan, and desert), and we test the relationship between ant dominance and richness for ground-foraging and arboreal species. Forty-two ant species were collected in this study, with species richness being highest in the saltpan, f ...
... diversity at baits in three different Namibian habitats (savannah, saltpan, and desert), and we test the relationship between ant dominance and richness for ground-foraging and arboreal species. Forty-two ant species were collected in this study, with species richness being highest in the saltpan, f ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... Several ecological studies aim to explain the existence and the biodiversity distribution in large scales of time and space. Generally, there are two main broad lines of thought, which are divided in relation to the primary force in structuring communities, biotic interactions and individual respons ...
... Several ecological studies aim to explain the existence and the biodiversity distribution in large scales of time and space. Generally, there are two main broad lines of thought, which are divided in relation to the primary force in structuring communities, biotic interactions and individual respons ...
the role of competition in structuring ant
... observations on resource sharing. The reason for such studies seems to rely on the classical theory of competition, which predicted that two species can not occupy the same niche or coexist unless there is some divergence in resource use (Schoener 1982). During this period, many entomologists have r ...
... observations on resource sharing. The reason for such studies seems to rely on the classical theory of competition, which predicted that two species can not occupy the same niche or coexist unless there is some divergence in resource use (Schoener 1982). During this period, many entomologists have r ...
The invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile
... likely to colonize areas where the winter ant persists. The winter ant, like the Argentine ant, feeds from the honeydew of scale insects in trees and shrubs, such as coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis). The interaction between Argentine and winter ants is influenced by the Argentine ants' dependence ...
... likely to colonize areas where the winter ant persists. The winter ant, like the Argentine ant, feeds from the honeydew of scale insects in trees and shrubs, such as coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis). The interaction between Argentine and winter ants is influenced by the Argentine ants' dependence ...
Effect of Argentine ant invasions on ground
... spiders and carabid beetles), and some were potential prey (e.g., collembolans, lepidopteran larvae, bee larvae, ¯ies). Second, the Argentine ant is a unicolonial species forming supercolonies in which numerous queens and abundant workers mix freely among spatially separated nests (Newell and Barber ...
... spiders and carabid beetles), and some were potential prey (e.g., collembolans, lepidopteran larvae, bee larvae, ¯ies). Second, the Argentine ant is a unicolonial species forming supercolonies in which numerous queens and abundant workers mix freely among spatially separated nests (Newell and Barber ...
Disruption of Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)—Natural Enemy
... 1993, Hardee et al. 1994, Dreistadt and Flint 1996). Thus, any factor interfering with the control of cotton aphids by predators, parasitoids, or other biological control agents has the potential to cause economic harm. Red imported Þre ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), are an invasive species nativ ...
... 1993, Hardee et al. 1994, Dreistadt and Flint 1996). Thus, any factor interfering with the control of cotton aphids by predators, parasitoids, or other biological control agents has the potential to cause economic harm. Red imported Þre ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), are an invasive species nativ ...
752-4740-1-SP - Oecologia Australis
... foragers and their use of resources (Christianini et al. 2012). Moreover, even those few studies have arrived to different conclusions. For example, Ryti & Case (1988), in experiments with ants that carry seeds in the desert, showed that removal of the neighboring colonies did not influence the type ...
... foragers and their use of resources (Christianini et al. 2012). Moreover, even those few studies have arrived to different conclusions. For example, Ryti & Case (1988), in experiments with ants that carry seeds in the desert, showed that removal of the neighboring colonies did not influence the type ...
Natural Loggers: Leaf Cutter Ants as Pests in Northwestern Ecuador
... the study would have greatly affected any calculated statistics and produced very biased results. RESULTS The results of this study noted several important differences between the leafcutter ants inhabiting undisturbed secondary forest (USF) and those choosing to build their nests in areas of refore ...
... the study would have greatly affected any calculated statistics and produced very biased results. RESULTS The results of this study noted several important differences between the leafcutter ants inhabiting undisturbed secondary forest (USF) and those choosing to build their nests in areas of refore ...
The male has done his work — the male may go
... mostly restricted to ants. Males enter alien nests (e.g., [52]) or mate in their natal nest with related female sexuals. In both cases, males can in principle mate with multiple female sexuals over a prolonged period of time except when intranidal mating is suicidal [32,33]. In monogynous species wi ...
... mostly restricted to ants. Males enter alien nests (e.g., [52]) or mate in their natal nest with related female sexuals. In both cases, males can in principle mate with multiple female sexuals over a prolonged period of time except when intranidal mating is suicidal [32,33]. In monogynous species wi ...
Ant Species Identity has a Greater Effect than Fire on the Outcome of
... 2014), are abundant. ANT EXCLUSION EXPERIMENTS.—To evaluate the outcomes of these ant–plant–herbivore interactions over time, we conducted the study over three consecutive years: 1999 (May–July); 2000 (February–June); and 2001 (March–June). At the beginning of the experiment, we tagged 157 individua ...
... 2014), are abundant. ANT EXCLUSION EXPERIMENTS.—To evaluate the outcomes of these ant–plant–herbivore interactions over time, we conducted the study over three consecutive years: 1999 (May–July); 2000 (February–June); and 2001 (March–June). At the beginning of the experiment, we tagged 157 individua ...
Green-head ant
The green-head ant (Rhytidoponera metallica), often simply referred to as the green ant, or sometimes the green-headed ant or in Queensland, the metallic pony ant, is a metallic-green coloured ant, generally 5–7 millimetres (0.20–0.28 in) in length, that can be found throughout Australia, particularly in urban and suburban areas. It is often confused - verbally, not visually - with the weaver ant of northern Queensland, Australia, where it is also referred to as the green ant.Green-head queens are semi-claustral, and forage for food themselves during the early stages of a colony. Queens are difficult to distinguish from workers, they generally have the same build, but are slightly larger with a more pronounced thorax and gaster. Workers forage alone and are omnivorous, however a majority of their diet consists of other insects. Colonies can range from small colonies, to large ones that can be around a metre deep into the ground and contain around a hundred workers.