Proposal on synthetic air pollution pressure indicators
... A permanent source of conflict for environmental indicators is that they must collect more and more information on a complex situation and present it in a manageable number of parameters suited to decision-making and public information processes. The fact that they present a synthesis means that the ...
... A permanent source of conflict for environmental indicators is that they must collect more and more information on a complex situation and present it in a manageable number of parameters suited to decision-making and public information processes. The fact that they present a synthesis means that the ...
Initial Results Management Framework
... Annex V outlines the proposed initial adaptation PMF, the primary reference tool for measuring the Fund’s adaptation results. The indicators presented here were developed following consultation with key performance measurement staff at CIF, GEF, and the Adaptation Fund. While each of these agencies ...
... Annex V outlines the proposed initial adaptation PMF, the primary reference tool for measuring the Fund’s adaptation results. The indicators presented here were developed following consultation with key performance measurement staff at CIF, GEF, and the Adaptation Fund. While each of these agencies ...
ZERO CARBON EVOLUTION Getting on track to a carbon neutral
... Moreland City Council is pleased to signal a new era for climate change action in Moreland through the Zero Carbon Evolution Strategy (20142020). The Strategy builds on Moreland’s strong history and proud reputation of local action to mitigate the effects of climate change, including achieving carbo ...
... Moreland City Council is pleased to signal a new era for climate change action in Moreland through the Zero Carbon Evolution Strategy (20142020). The Strategy builds on Moreland’s strong history and proud reputation of local action to mitigate the effects of climate change, including achieving carbo ...
Implications of Climate Changes in the Wider Caribbean Region
... values in addressing the implications, two reports asked "Does the historical record support such values for the Wider Caribbean Region?"; the answer is yes and no. The next issue in interpreting the Terms of Reference is defining how the Task Team understands the terms "climate" and "climate change ...
... values in addressing the implications, two reports asked "Does the historical record support such values for the Wider Caribbean Region?"; the answer is yes and no. The next issue in interpreting the Terms of Reference is defining how the Task Team understands the terms "climate" and "climate change ...
Viticultureclimate relationships in Greece: the impacts
... genetic diversity, found that there has been a limited exploration of this diversity and that ‘the long-term sustainability of the grape and wine industries will rely on the exploitation of the grape’s tremendous natural genetic diversity’. Schultz and Jones (2010) stressed the importance of adaptat ...
... genetic diversity, found that there has been a limited exploration of this diversity and that ‘the long-term sustainability of the grape and wine industries will rely on the exploitation of the grape’s tremendous natural genetic diversity’. Schultz and Jones (2010) stressed the importance of adaptat ...
iprc climate vol14 no1
... Hawai‘i. Given the prohibitive cost of alternative fresh water sources (importation or desalination), each island in Hawai‘i must rely on its own rainfall to supply the fresh water needs of a modern economy. On O‘ahu nearly 1 million inhabitants and visitors must rely on watersheds that total only 1 ...
... Hawai‘i. Given the prohibitive cost of alternative fresh water sources (importation or desalination), each island in Hawai‘i must rely on its own rainfall to supply the fresh water needs of a modern economy. On O‘ahu nearly 1 million inhabitants and visitors must rely on watersheds that total only 1 ...
Micro-level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small
... change has occurred in the absence of knowledge about existing and potential adaptation practices. Because prevailing ideas about adaptation are vague, conducting focused research on potential adaptation practices and formulating appropriate advice for implementing new practices is difficult. Adapta ...
... change has occurred in the absence of knowledge about existing and potential adaptation practices. Because prevailing ideas about adaptation are vague, conducting focused research on potential adaptation practices and formulating appropriate advice for implementing new practices is difficult. Adapta ...
Development Aid and Climate Finance: Working Paper 123 (397 kB) (opens in new window)
... countries (the North) to poor countries (the South). The concern is no longer just about poverty alleviation (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another implication is that traditional development transfers to increase income are complemented b ...
... countries (the North) to poor countries (the South). The concern is no longer just about poverty alleviation (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another implication is that traditional development transfers to increase income are complemented b ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict
... indirect links has yet to lead to substantial and sustained action to address its security implications. Still the potential for the changing climate to induce conflict or exacerbate existing instability in some of the world’s most vulnerable regions is now recognized in national security circles in ...
... indirect links has yet to lead to substantial and sustained action to address its security implications. Still the potential for the changing climate to induce conflict or exacerbate existing instability in some of the world’s most vulnerable regions is now recognized in national security circles in ...
UKCP09: Probabilistic projections of wind speed
... account for the effects of ocean transport changes. In these simulations, also consisting of an ensemble of variants of HadCM3 (see Murphy et al. 2009), a smaller surface warming is predicted in the North Atlantic ocean relative to the response over Greenland and the eastern seaboard of the north Am ...
... account for the effects of ocean transport changes. In these simulations, also consisting of an ensemble of variants of HadCM3 (see Murphy et al. 2009), a smaller surface warming is predicted in the North Atlantic ocean relative to the response over Greenland and the eastern seaboard of the north Am ...
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
... is well equipped to meet these challenges because much existing oilfield technology lends itself to geological sequestration of CO2. The Engineering Viability of Carbon Capture and Geological Sequestration Note: This discussion was originally presented in “Sustaining Fossil Fuel Use in a Carbon-Cons ...
... is well equipped to meet these challenges because much existing oilfield technology lends itself to geological sequestration of CO2. The Engineering Viability of Carbon Capture and Geological Sequestration Note: This discussion was originally presented in “Sustaining Fossil Fuel Use in a Carbon-Cons ...
Estimating the impact of traffic on the UTLS QUANTIFY
... CECILIA, EC FP6, 2006-2009, http://www.cecilia-eu.org ...
... CECILIA, EC FP6, 2006-2009, http://www.cecilia-eu.org ...
The effects of extreme drought on climate change beliefs, risk
... Whether or not firsthand experience with extreme events shapes people’s perceptions of climate change and galvanizes them to take action has been the focus of growing attention in the risk management literature and in policy circles. There are several reasons for this important debate. First, the co ...
... Whether or not firsthand experience with extreme events shapes people’s perceptions of climate change and galvanizes them to take action has been the focus of growing attention in the risk management literature and in policy circles. There are several reasons for this important debate. First, the co ...
Climate adaptation: what it means for Australian consumers
... respondents to rank what they felt were the most important social issues. Results revealed that the most important social issues currently facing consumers are mainly household related, i.e. the cost of living and health. Issues such as ‘economic stability’ and ‘maintaining our way of life’ also ran ...
... respondents to rank what they felt were the most important social issues. Results revealed that the most important social issues currently facing consumers are mainly household related, i.e. the cost of living and health. Issues such as ‘economic stability’ and ‘maintaining our way of life’ also ran ...
Bangladesh, climate disasters
... make individuals vulnerable (or more vulnerable) to these disasters. Risk reduction is therefore central to the current debate and there are numerous issues at both local and global level, as climate disaster goes hand in hand with fears about meeting basic needs, and the possibility of massive regi ...
... make individuals vulnerable (or more vulnerable) to these disasters. Risk reduction is therefore central to the current debate and there are numerous issues at both local and global level, as climate disaster goes hand in hand with fears about meeting basic needs, and the possibility of massive regi ...
Simulating Picea schrenkiana forest productivity under climatic
... A process-based model, BIOME-BGC, was used to investigate the response of Picea schrenkiana forest to future climate changes and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increases in the Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China. The model was validated by comparing simulated net primary produc ...
... A process-based model, BIOME-BGC, was used to investigate the response of Picea schrenkiana forest to future climate changes and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increases in the Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China. The model was validated by comparing simulated net primary produc ...
Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for
... ongoing process, rather than as a fixed endpoint. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11(9): 502–510, doi:10.1890/120277 ...
... ongoing process, rather than as a fixed endpoint. Front Ecol Environ 2013; 11(9): 502–510, doi:10.1890/120277 ...
paper
... Experts consulted during the study therefore identified the need for an assessment of climate change impacts which would consider all potential changes and their impacts on the network and its users rather than individual weather events. As noted in this report, there is limited evidence of the impa ...
... Experts consulted during the study therefore identified the need for an assessment of climate change impacts which would consider all potential changes and their impacts on the network and its users rather than individual weather events. As noted in this report, there is limited evidence of the impa ...
Palutikof
... literature’ • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
... literature’ • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
Climate Change and Brisbane Biodiversity
... There is a risk, under climate change, of focusing too much on what will be lost, and not enough on what will be gained. As Howden et al. (2003) explain: ‘Many species are likely to be negatively affected by changes to mean temperature, rainfall, CO2 concentration and disturbance regimes, and we may ...
... There is a risk, under climate change, of focusing too much on what will be lost, and not enough on what will be gained. As Howden et al. (2003) explain: ‘Many species are likely to be negatively affected by changes to mean temperature, rainfall, CO2 concentration and disturbance regimes, and we may ...
Key lessons from practitioners` experiences
... Adaptation Good Practice (AGP) does not need to cover all aspects of an adaptive process, but should fit into one, some, or all of the steps to ensure that good adaptation outcomes can be achieved. To support stakeholders to use the AGP case studies more effectively a generic adaptation framework wa ...
... Adaptation Good Practice (AGP) does not need to cover all aspects of an adaptive process, but should fit into one, some, or all of the steps to ensure that good adaptation outcomes can be achieved. To support stakeholders to use the AGP case studies more effectively a generic adaptation framework wa ...
Download the full paper
... it is σi,j = 0 for j < i − 1 and j > i + 1. The temperature persistence in a given ocean layer i ∈ {2, ..., L − 1} is σi,i = 1 − σi,i−1 − σi,i+1 > 0. The lowest ocean layer only exchanges heat with the next upper layer implying σL,L = 1 − σL,L−1 > 0. In the atmospheric temperature layer, the additio ...
... it is σi,j = 0 for j < i − 1 and j > i + 1. The temperature persistence in a given ocean layer i ∈ {2, ..., L − 1} is σi,i = 1 − σi,i−1 − σi,i+1 > 0. The lowest ocean layer only exchanges heat with the next upper layer implying σL,L = 1 − σL,L−1 > 0. In the atmospheric temperature layer, the additio ...
Leading Edge 2020: international development in Asia
... Asia. Though China is often touted as the obvious ‘emerging power’, our interviewees’ attention focused on the potential of regional blocs to serve as a credible counterbalance to China. Whether or not regional integration solidifies in South and Southeast Asia was identified as a critical factor in ...
... Asia. Though China is often touted as the obvious ‘emerging power’, our interviewees’ attention focused on the potential of regional blocs to serve as a credible counterbalance to China. Whether or not regional integration solidifies in South and Southeast Asia was identified as a critical factor in ...
Politics of global warming
The politics of global warming are complex due to numerous factors that arise from the global economy's interdependence on carbon dioxide emitting hydrocarbon energy sources and because carbon dioxide is directly implicated in global warming - making global warming a non-traditional environmental challenge:Implications to all aspects of a nation-state's economy - The vast majority of the world economy relies on energy sources or manufacturing techniques that release greenhouse gases at almost every stage of production, transportation, storage, delivery & disposal while a consensus of the world's scientists attribute global warming to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This intimate linkage between global warming and economic vitality implicates almost every aspect of a nation-state's economy; Perceived lack of adequate advanced energy technologies - Fossil fuel abundance and low prices continue to put pressure on the development of adequate advanced energy technologies that can realistically replace the role of fossil fuels - as of 2010, over 91% of the worlds energy is derived from fossil fuels and non carbon-neutral technologies. Developing countries do not have cost effective access to the advanced energy technologies that they need for development (most advanced technologies has been developed by and exist in the developed world). Without adequate and cost effective post-hydrocarbon energy sources, it is unlikely the countries of the developed or developing world would accept policies that would materially affect their economic vitality or economic development prospects;Industrialization of the developing world - As developing nations industrialize their energy needs increase and since conventional energy sources produce carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide emissions of developing countries are beginning to rise at a time when the scientific community, global governance institutions and advocacy groups are telling the world that carbon dioxide emissions should be decreasing. Without access to cost effective and abundant energy sources many developing countries see climate change as a hindrance to their unfettered economic development;Metric selection (transparency) and perceived responsibility / ability to respond - Among the countries of the world, disagreements exist over which greenhouse gas emission metrics should be used like total emissions per year, per capita emissions per year, CO2 emissions only, deforestation emissions, livestock emissions or even total historical emissions. Historically, the release of carbon dioxide has not been historically even among all nation-states and nation-states have challenges with determining who should restrict emissions and at what point of their industrial development they should be subject to such commitments;Vulnerable developing countries and developed country legacy emissions - Some developing nations blame the developed world for having created the global warming crisis because it was the developed countries that emitted most of the carbon dioxide over the twentieth century and vulnerable countries perceive that it should be the developed countries that should pay to address the challenge;Consensus-driven global governance models - The global governance institutions that evolved during the 20th century are all consensus driven deliberative forums where agreement is difficult to achieve and even when agreement is achieved it is almost impossible to enforce;Well organized and funded special-interest lobbying bodies - Special interest lobbying by well organized groups distort and amplify aspects of the challenge (environmental lobbying, energy industry lobbying, other special interest lobbying);Politicization of climate science - Although there is a consensus on the science of global warming and its likely effects - some special interests groups work to suppress the consensus while others work to amplify the alarm of global warming. All parties that engage in such acts add to the politicization of the science of global warming. The result is a clouding of the reality of the global warming problem.The focus areas for global warming politics are Adaptation, Mitigation, Finance, Technology and Losses which are well quantified and studied but the urgency of the global warming challenge combined with the implication to almost every facet of a nation-state's economic interests places significant burdens on the established largely-voluntary global institutions that have developed over the last century; institutions that have been unable to effectively reshape themselves and move fast enough to deal with this unique challenge. Rapidly developing countries who see traditional energy sources as a means to fuel their development, well funded aggressive environmental lobbying groups and an established fossil fuel energy paradigm boasting a mature and sophisticated political lobbying infrastructure all combine to make global warming politics extremely polarized. Distrust between developed and developing countries at most international conferences that seek to address the topic add to the challenges. Further adding to the complexity is the advent of the Internet and the development of media technologies like blogs and other mechanisms for disseminating information that enable the exponential growth in production and dissemination of competing points of view which make it nearly impossible for the development and dissemination of an objective view into the enormity of the subject matter and its politics.