Migration in the context of vulnerability and adaptation to climate
... responses that individuals and households make when sensitive systems are exposed to stressed or changing environmental conditions.6–8 Certain types of socioeconomic systems are inherently more sensitive to climate-related environmental changes and are therefore more likely to engender adaptive migr ...
... responses that individuals and households make when sensitive systems are exposed to stressed or changing environmental conditions.6–8 Certain types of socioeconomic systems are inherently more sensitive to climate-related environmental changes and are therefore more likely to engender adaptive migr ...
Chapter 2: An Overview of Canada`s Changing Climate
... A 100-year warming trend1 of 0.74°C ± 0.18 °C in global surface air temperature was observed for the period 19062005 (IPCC, 2007). Several reports, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Statement on the Status of the Global Climate (WMO, 2013) and the American Meteorological Society ...
... A 100-year warming trend1 of 0.74°C ± 0.18 °C in global surface air temperature was observed for the period 19062005 (IPCC, 2007). Several reports, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Statement on the Status of the Global Climate (WMO, 2013) and the American Meteorological Society ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 262kb )
... plantations in these areas to supply the “developed” world, has caused a myriad of social and environmental conflicts. The traditional inhabitants who have historically relied on forests for subsistence have been displaced in order for these plantations to expand. Precisely due to this fact, it is ...
... plantations in these areas to supply the “developed” world, has caused a myriad of social and environmental conflicts. The traditional inhabitants who have historically relied on forests for subsistence have been displaced in order for these plantations to expand. Precisely due to this fact, it is ...
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND TRANSNATIONAL
... rise" (Carbon Disclosure Project 2013, 9). Furthermore, a recent study of the largest 136 coastal cities estimated that global flood losses by 2050 will cost between US$60-63 billion per year up from about US$6 billion in 2005 (Hallegatte, eta!. 2013, 802). Moreover, a majority of cities listed amon ...
... rise" (Carbon Disclosure Project 2013, 9). Furthermore, a recent study of the largest 136 coastal cities estimated that global flood losses by 2050 will cost between US$60-63 billion per year up from about US$6 billion in 2005 (Hallegatte, eta!. 2013, 802). Moreover, a majority of cities listed amon ...
V. Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
... sectoral effects; (iii) limited knowledge of the most appropriate adaptation policies and measures hinders countries from preparing themselves with the necessary institutional capacities to support climate risk management; (iv) limited financing options to sustain scaled-up adaptation remains a con ...
... sectoral effects; (iii) limited knowledge of the most appropriate adaptation policies and measures hinders countries from preparing themselves with the necessary institutional capacities to support climate risk management; (iv) limited financing options to sustain scaled-up adaptation remains a con ...
Applying Risk Informed Decision-Making Framework for Climate
... Program. The mission of the RCC Program is to develop, implement, and assess adjustments or changes in operations and decision environments to enhance resilience or reduce vulnerability of USACE projects, systems and programs to observed or expected changes in climate. The RCC program funded 9 pilot ...
... Program. The mission of the RCC Program is to develop, implement, and assess adjustments or changes in operations and decision environments to enhance resilience or reduce vulnerability of USACE projects, systems and programs to observed or expected changes in climate. The RCC program funded 9 pilot ...
- Wiley Online Library
... in local climate patterns. We directly test this assumption using the largest and most comprehensive survey of Gulf Coast residents conducted to date supplemented with monthly temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Ce ...
... in local climate patterns. We directly test this assumption using the largest and most comprehensive survey of Gulf Coast residents conducted to date supplemented with monthly temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Ce ...
Lecture 1 CIP Module Montreal Conference Draft
... behaves over relatively long periods of time. In most places, weather can change from minuteto-minute, hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season. Climate, however, is the average of weather over time and space. An easy way to remember the difference is that climate is what you expect, like a ve ...
... behaves over relatively long periods of time. In most places, weather can change from minuteto-minute, hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season. Climate, however, is the average of weather over time and space. An easy way to remember the difference is that climate is what you expect, like a ve ...
Climate change, species distribution models, and physiological performance metrics: predicting when
... predictions of how climate change is likely to impact the geographic distributions of species, it is essential to understand when and where biogeographic models are likely to fail, and the reasons underlying these model failures. Here, we propose a physiology-based approach to estimate a priori the ...
... predictions of how climate change is likely to impact the geographic distributions of species, it is essential to understand when and where biogeographic models are likely to fail, and the reasons underlying these model failures. Here, we propose a physiology-based approach to estimate a priori the ...
Assessing risk of and adaptation to sea-level rise
... cheaper than beach nourishment, but the benefits are not felt immediately. The way these options are applied is discussed further below. The flooding of the coastal zone caused by sea-level rise and associated storm surges is assessed for both sea and river floods. Large parts of the coastal zone ar ...
... cheaper than beach nourishment, but the benefits are not felt immediately. The way these options are applied is discussed further below. The flooding of the coastal zone caused by sea-level rise and associated storm surges is assessed for both sea and river floods. Large parts of the coastal zone ar ...
Effects of sea surface warming on marine plankton
... global primary production, form the basis of marine food webs, and strongly influence biogeochemical processes in the ocean (Field et al. 1998). Recently, there has been growing evidence that global phytoplankton biomass and productivity are changing over time. Despite increasing trends in some regi ...
... global primary production, form the basis of marine food webs, and strongly influence biogeochemical processes in the ocean (Field et al. 1998). Recently, there has been growing evidence that global phytoplankton biomass and productivity are changing over time. Despite increasing trends in some regi ...
Conservation and sustainable management of peatlands in
... square kilometers of northern soils hold about 1,700 billion tones of organic carbon — the remains of plants and animals that have been accumulating in the soil over thousands of years. That is about four times more than all the carbon emitted by human activity in modern times and twice as much as i ...
... square kilometers of northern soils hold about 1,700 billion tones of organic carbon — the remains of plants and animals that have been accumulating in the soil over thousands of years. That is about four times more than all the carbon emitted by human activity in modern times and twice as much as i ...
Collapse Informatics - Donald Bren School of Information and
... This particular list is not essential to collapse informatics, but a distinction between finite, broadly relevant (if not universal) needs and culturally idiosyncratic, arbitrarily extensible wants must be made in some way to predict the likely goals of users in the face of collapse. In global clima ...
... This particular list is not essential to collapse informatics, but a distinction between finite, broadly relevant (if not universal) needs and culturally idiosyncratic, arbitrarily extensible wants must be made in some way to predict the likely goals of users in the face of collapse. In global clima ...
Climate Change Impacts and Opportunities for Biodiversity and
... Fig (2) Kassala rainfall difference from the normal during the period 1961 to 2012……............................................................................................................... Fig (3) time series analysis of Kassala maximum temperature during the period 1961 to 2012…………………………………… ...
... Fig (2) Kassala rainfall difference from the normal during the period 1961 to 2012……............................................................................................................... Fig (3) time series analysis of Kassala maximum temperature during the period 1961 to 2012…………………………………… ...
Modelling responses of pine savannas to climate change and large
... in the atmosphere associated with human activities have increased global temperatures over recent decades and continued anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are expected to result in a rise of global temperature between 1.9 and 7.5 °C this century (Stott & Kettleborough 2002). Species are exp ...
... in the atmosphere associated with human activities have increased global temperatures over recent decades and continued anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are expected to result in a rise of global temperature between 1.9 and 7.5 °C this century (Stott & Kettleborough 2002). Species are exp ...
Ecological controls on net ecosystem productivity of a seasonally dry
... wastage of nonstructural C during unfavourable growing conditions to grow and maintain structural C that does not produce storage or seed C. Senescence modelled in annual plants may also be induced by phenological maturity following completion of their annual life cycle if this occurs before the sen ...
... wastage of nonstructural C during unfavourable growing conditions to grow and maintain structural C that does not produce storage or seed C. Senescence modelled in annual plants may also be induced by phenological maturity following completion of their annual life cycle if this occurs before the sen ...
COMMUNITIES AT RISK? Tool 2, Activity 8 Greenland Defends
... the Inuit, an ethnic group scattered across Greenland, Alaska, and northern Canada, bracing for change. Recent summers have brought more than thunderstorms: The shrinking ice cap threatens the group’s hunting practices and traditional transportation routes. At the same time, mining, shipping, and oi ...
... the Inuit, an ethnic group scattered across Greenland, Alaska, and northern Canada, bracing for change. Recent summers have brought more than thunderstorms: The shrinking ice cap threatens the group’s hunting practices and traditional transportation routes. At the same time, mining, shipping, and oi ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance and Implications
... come into play as climate changes in response to a forcing. Positive (amplifying) feedbacks increase the climate response, while negative (diminishing) feedbacks reduce the response. Climate feedbacks are the core of the climate problem. Climate feedbacks can be confusing, because, in climate analys ...
... come into play as climate changes in response to a forcing. Positive (amplifying) feedbacks increase the climate response, while negative (diminishing) feedbacks reduce the response. Climate feedbacks are the core of the climate problem. Climate feedbacks can be confusing, because, in climate analys ...
Document
... Supplemental Section 3. Solar geoengineering and the five reasons for concern The five ‘reasons for concern’ listed below were first elaborated in the IPCC’s third assessment report [McCarthy, 2001], and updated in the following reports, as means to inform the declared intention of the UNFCCC to av ...
... Supplemental Section 3. Solar geoengineering and the five reasons for concern The five ‘reasons for concern’ listed below were first elaborated in the IPCC’s third assessment report [McCarthy, 2001], and updated in the following reports, as means to inform the declared intention of the UNFCCC to av ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
... Experiment Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado. The journal editor requested altering the title of the paper to ‘Grasslands and Global Nocturnal Warming’. Melillo (1999) used the results of the Alward et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warmi ...
Workshop-questions
... Summary of BACC Results Baltic Area Climate Change Assessment • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the ...
... Summary of BACC Results Baltic Area Climate Change Assessment • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the ...
CHAPTER 9 POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
... These year-to-year variations in the region’s climate show a clear cor relation with two large-scale patterns of climate variation over the Pacific,one more and one less well known. The El Niño/ Souther n Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular oscillation with a period of 2 to 7 years,which is widely kn ...
... These year-to-year variations in the region’s climate show a clear cor relation with two large-scale patterns of climate variation over the Pacific,one more and one less well known. The El Niño/ Souther n Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular oscillation with a period of 2 to 7 years,which is widely kn ...
The Geography of Solving Global Environmental Problems
... notably, Canada, Japan, and Russia-are not making second period commitments. 9 Even if nations successfully negotiate a rigorous universal agreement under the Durban Platform process, which seems unlikely, such an agreement will not come into effect until we are even further down the path of inadequ ...
... notably, Canada, Japan, and Russia-are not making second period commitments. 9 Even if nations successfully negotiate a rigorous universal agreement under the Durban Platform process, which seems unlikely, such an agreement will not come into effect until we are even further down the path of inadequ ...
Politics of global warming
The politics of global warming are complex due to numerous factors that arise from the global economy's interdependence on carbon dioxide emitting hydrocarbon energy sources and because carbon dioxide is directly implicated in global warming - making global warming a non-traditional environmental challenge:Implications to all aspects of a nation-state's economy - The vast majority of the world economy relies on energy sources or manufacturing techniques that release greenhouse gases at almost every stage of production, transportation, storage, delivery & disposal while a consensus of the world's scientists attribute global warming to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This intimate linkage between global warming and economic vitality implicates almost every aspect of a nation-state's economy; Perceived lack of adequate advanced energy technologies - Fossil fuel abundance and low prices continue to put pressure on the development of adequate advanced energy technologies that can realistically replace the role of fossil fuels - as of 2010, over 91% of the worlds energy is derived from fossil fuels and non carbon-neutral technologies. Developing countries do not have cost effective access to the advanced energy technologies that they need for development (most advanced technologies has been developed by and exist in the developed world). Without adequate and cost effective post-hydrocarbon energy sources, it is unlikely the countries of the developed or developing world would accept policies that would materially affect their economic vitality or economic development prospects;Industrialization of the developing world - As developing nations industrialize their energy needs increase and since conventional energy sources produce carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide emissions of developing countries are beginning to rise at a time when the scientific community, global governance institutions and advocacy groups are telling the world that carbon dioxide emissions should be decreasing. Without access to cost effective and abundant energy sources many developing countries see climate change as a hindrance to their unfettered economic development;Metric selection (transparency) and perceived responsibility / ability to respond - Among the countries of the world, disagreements exist over which greenhouse gas emission metrics should be used like total emissions per year, per capita emissions per year, CO2 emissions only, deforestation emissions, livestock emissions or even total historical emissions. Historically, the release of carbon dioxide has not been historically even among all nation-states and nation-states have challenges with determining who should restrict emissions and at what point of their industrial development they should be subject to such commitments;Vulnerable developing countries and developed country legacy emissions - Some developing nations blame the developed world for having created the global warming crisis because it was the developed countries that emitted most of the carbon dioxide over the twentieth century and vulnerable countries perceive that it should be the developed countries that should pay to address the challenge;Consensus-driven global governance models - The global governance institutions that evolved during the 20th century are all consensus driven deliberative forums where agreement is difficult to achieve and even when agreement is achieved it is almost impossible to enforce;Well organized and funded special-interest lobbying bodies - Special interest lobbying by well organized groups distort and amplify aspects of the challenge (environmental lobbying, energy industry lobbying, other special interest lobbying);Politicization of climate science - Although there is a consensus on the science of global warming and its likely effects - some special interests groups work to suppress the consensus while others work to amplify the alarm of global warming. All parties that engage in such acts add to the politicization of the science of global warming. The result is a clouding of the reality of the global warming problem.The focus areas for global warming politics are Adaptation, Mitigation, Finance, Technology and Losses which are well quantified and studied but the urgency of the global warming challenge combined with the implication to almost every facet of a nation-state's economic interests places significant burdens on the established largely-voluntary global institutions that have developed over the last century; institutions that have been unable to effectively reshape themselves and move fast enough to deal with this unique challenge. Rapidly developing countries who see traditional energy sources as a means to fuel their development, well funded aggressive environmental lobbying groups and an established fossil fuel energy paradigm boasting a mature and sophisticated political lobbying infrastructure all combine to make global warming politics extremely polarized. Distrust between developed and developing countries at most international conferences that seek to address the topic add to the challenges. Further adding to the complexity is the advent of the Internet and the development of media technologies like blogs and other mechanisms for disseminating information that enable the exponential growth in production and dissemination of competing points of view which make it nearly impossible for the development and dissemination of an objective view into the enormity of the subject matter and its politics.