united nations - Stockholm Convention
... should include information from other areas of the planet. Only thing recorded are more frequent extreme weather. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) data is very important. Add: The results obtained from the analysis of data from 20 years of air monitoring in the Arctic, show that if ...
... should include information from other areas of the planet. Only thing recorded are more frequent extreme weather. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) data is very important. Add: The results obtained from the analysis of data from 20 years of air monitoring in the Arctic, show that if ...
UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA
... climate could reduce the number of people visiting small islands in low latitudes, it could have the reverse effect in middle and high latitude islands. However, water shortages and increased incidence of vector-borne diseases may also deter tourists” ([IPCC, 2007b]). Under this scenario, climate ch ...
... climate could reduce the number of people visiting small islands in low latitudes, it could have the reverse effect in middle and high latitude islands. However, water shortages and increased incidence of vector-borne diseases may also deter tourists” ([IPCC, 2007b]). Under this scenario, climate ch ...
FINAL: How to identify adaptation ... smallholder farmers in coffee and tea sector
... Climate refers to “average weather” and represents the state of the climate system over a given time period. Climate changes over time may be due to natural variability or as a result of human induced increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and is reflected in the variation of the mean state ...
... Climate refers to “average weather” and represents the state of the climate system over a given time period. Climate changes over time may be due to natural variability or as a result of human induced increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and is reflected in the variation of the mean state ...
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... (Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000; Nordhaus, 2008); this technique was utilized in the previous three versions of DICE: DICE-1999, DICE-2007, and DICE-2010. More recently in DICE-2013, Nordhaus utilized a meta-analysis approach instead. Drawing on global damage estimates from thirteen studies surveyed in To ...
... (Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000; Nordhaus, 2008); this technique was utilized in the previous three versions of DICE: DICE-1999, DICE-2007, and DICE-2010. More recently in DICE-2013, Nordhaus utilized a meta-analysis approach instead. Drawing on global damage estimates from thirteen studies surveyed in To ...
The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems
... low-latitude water driven by changes in the basin-wide wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which for ...
... low-latitude water driven by changes in the basin-wide wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which for ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... are very small. The increase in the number of extremely hot days is most pronounced in the centre of the country, whereas the decrease in the number of extremely cold days is greatest in the Ardennes. The increase in heat stress will be greater in urban areas than in rural areas; not only because ci ...
... are very small. The increase in the number of extremely hot days is most pronounced in the centre of the country, whereas the decrease in the number of extremely cold days is greatest in the Ardennes. The increase in heat stress will be greater in urban areas than in rural areas; not only because ci ...
Climate change and water in south Asia
... Northwestern Himalaya region of India for three stations (Srinagar and Shimla for 1901–2002 and Leh for 1901–1989) together with winter temperature records for seven additional stations in the region for the last three decades. The long‐term warming was found to be 1.6°C over the last century, wi ...
... Northwestern Himalaya region of India for three stations (Srinagar and Shimla for 1901–2002 and Leh for 1901–1989) together with winter temperature records for seven additional stations in the region for the last three decades. The long‐term warming was found to be 1.6°C over the last century, wi ...
Hydrological Climate Change Impact Assessment at Small and
... Most hydrological CC impact modelling has focused on medium-sized (on the order of 1000 km2 ) and predominantly rural basins. Hydrological models are generally set up for single river basins, often divided into sub-basins, and already existing setups are normally used in CC impact studies. The typic ...
... Most hydrological CC impact modelling has focused on medium-sized (on the order of 1000 km2 ) and predominantly rural basins. Hydrological models are generally set up for single river basins, often divided into sub-basins, and already existing setups are normally used in CC impact studies. The typic ...
How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback
... spectrum while long-term anthropogenic forcings associated with well-mixed greenhouse gases operate mostly in the LW domain, (iii) the geographical structures of natural and anthropogenic forcings differ, and (iv) the fluctuations in temperature and in large-scale atmospheric circulation at short an ...
... spectrum while long-term anthropogenic forcings associated with well-mixed greenhouse gases operate mostly in the LW domain, (iii) the geographical structures of natural and anthropogenic forcings differ, and (iv) the fluctuations in temperature and in large-scale atmospheric circulation at short an ...
Future Change of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone
... Stowasser et al. 2007). Most of these studies predicted a future increase of TC intensity. Most models have also predicted a reduced frequency of TCs globally, with a wide range of predictions among models. Consequently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report ( ...
... Stowasser et al. 2007). Most of these studies predicted a future increase of TC intensity. Most models have also predicted a reduced frequency of TCs globally, with a wide range of predictions among models. Consequently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report ( ...
Climate Change in Levelock, Alaska
... or as a result of human activity (IPCC, 2008). Alaska is experiencing a wide range of impacts from climate change and communities seek adaptive strategies that encourage wellness and sustainability. This report documents climate change impacts as described by community residents and climate change e ...
... or as a result of human activity (IPCC, 2008). Alaska is experiencing a wide range of impacts from climate change and communities seek adaptive strategies that encourage wellness and sustainability. This report documents climate change impacts as described by community residents and climate change e ...
The Northeast Asia mountain glaciers in the near
... Krenke, 2005). Comparison of data obtained between the late 1950s and 2001 about the glaciers of northeast Asia and their mass exchange, shows that they have undergone appreciable changes – as revealed through retreat of their termini, surface lowering, formation of new morainic deposits, etc. By ou ...
... Krenke, 2005). Comparison of data obtained between the late 1950s and 2001 about the glaciers of northeast Asia and their mass exchange, shows that they have undergone appreciable changes – as revealed through retreat of their termini, surface lowering, formation of new morainic deposits, etc. By ou ...
Bony et al., 2006
... spectrum while long-term anthropogenic forcings associated with well-mixed greenhouse gases operate mostly in the LW domain, (iii) the geographical structures of natural and anthropogenic forcings differ, and (iv) the fluctuations in temperature and in large-scale atmospheric circulation at short an ...
... spectrum while long-term anthropogenic forcings associated with well-mixed greenhouse gases operate mostly in the LW domain, (iii) the geographical structures of natural and anthropogenic forcings differ, and (iv) the fluctuations in temperature and in large-scale atmospheric circulation at short an ...
DELAWARE AND THE SURGING SEA - Climate
... Local sea level rise can differ from global sea level rise for many reasons. The ocean is not flat, and shifting currents and sea surface temperatures can alter local sea level trends over years or decades. In addition, the land itself is slowly sinking or (more rarely) rising in many coastal areas, ...
... Local sea level rise can differ from global sea level rise for many reasons. The ocean is not flat, and shifting currents and sea surface temperatures can alter local sea level trends over years or decades. In addition, the land itself is slowly sinking or (more rarely) rising in many coastal areas, ...
Precipitation and temperatures extremes in East Africa in past and
... mean weather conditions, but also in increase of the variability of climate (IPCC, 2012&2013). These impacts of climate change in East Africa (EA) have materialized through changes in extreme events such as prolonged droughts, floods, heat waves and storms that is likely associated with regional cli ...
... mean weather conditions, but also in increase of the variability of climate (IPCC, 2012&2013). These impacts of climate change in East Africa (EA) have materialized through changes in extreme events such as prolonged droughts, floods, heat waves and storms that is likely associated with regional cli ...
The Week That Was: 2015-11-28 (November 28, 2015) Brought to
... “Probably the only “consensus” among climate scientists is that human activities can have an effect on local climate and that the sum of such local effects could hypothetically rise to the level of an observable global signal. The key questions to be answered, however, are whether the human global s ...
... “Probably the only “consensus” among climate scientists is that human activities can have an effect on local climate and that the sum of such local effects could hypothetically rise to the level of an observable global signal. The key questions to be answered, however, are whether the human global s ...
Managing the business risks and opportunities of a changing climate
... inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level rise and increased storminess by 2030 under three climate scenarios. They have also assessed the cost-effectiveness of actions to p ...
... inflicted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Since that time, Entergy has worked with Swiss Re to assess the corporation’s asset exposure to wind-related damage, sea-level rise and increased storminess by 2030 under three climate scenarios. They have also assessed the cost-effectiveness of actions to p ...
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... downpours are increasing in the region. The Special Report on Extreme Events (SREX) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that these and other changes are also occurring in many parts of the world (IPCC, 2012). For example, it is very likely that there has been an overall dec ...
... downpours are increasing in the region. The Special Report on Extreme Events (SREX) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that these and other changes are also occurring in many parts of the world (IPCC, 2012). For example, it is very likely that there has been an overall dec ...
Comparing impacts of climate change on streamflow in four large
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
CIRES-Climate Change - Colorado Water Conservation Board
... warming, Governor Ritter issued the Colorado Climate Action Plan (CCAP) in 2007. The CCAP sets out a goal to prepare the state to adapt to those climate changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources t ...
... warming, Governor Ritter issued the Colorado Climate Action Plan (CCAP) in 2007. The CCAP sets out a goal to prepare the state to adapt to those climate changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources t ...
2. coral reefs and climate change: susceptibility and consequences
... reefs outlined below, are those pertinent to global climate change: zx Corals contain photosynthetic symbiotic dinoflagellate algae, zooxanthellae’, that provide them with abundant energy and assist in nutrient recycling, allowing them to survive in generally low nutrient tropical and sub-tropical ...
... reefs outlined below, are those pertinent to global climate change: zx Corals contain photosynthetic symbiotic dinoflagellate algae, zooxanthellae’, that provide them with abundant energy and assist in nutrient recycling, allowing them to survive in generally low nutrient tropical and sub-tropical ...
On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in
... Computation of near-surface transfer of energy, moisture and momentum is based upon the Monin-Obukhov theory as formulated by Louis (1979). Soil moisture is predicted using the bucket-type Arno scheme of Dümenil & Todini (1992), and evaporation using the Blondin (1989) scheme. The latter scheme tak ...
... Computation of near-surface transfer of energy, moisture and momentum is based upon the Monin-Obukhov theory as formulated by Louis (1979). Soil moisture is predicted using the bucket-type Arno scheme of Dümenil & Todini (1992), and evaporation using the Blondin (1989) scheme. The latter scheme tak ...
Survey Experiment - RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community
... approaches get at the micro-foundations of state behavior, actors are still by and large understood to be self-interested maximizers of material utility.4 These approaches all typically see logics of consequences as the primary animating logic of decision. Another theoretical approach—constructivis ...
... approaches get at the micro-foundations of state behavior, actors are still by and large understood to be self-interested maximizers of material utility.4 These approaches all typically see logics of consequences as the primary animating logic of decision. Another theoretical approach—constructivis ...
11.2MB - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... ... and that in order to have a reasonable chance to limit global warming to no more than 2°C, stabilisation of concentrations well below 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent may be needed; ... ... NOTES that keeping this long-term temperature objective within reach will require global greenhouse gas emissions t ...
... ... and that in order to have a reasonable chance to limit global warming to no more than 2°C, stabilisation of concentrations well below 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent may be needed; ... ... NOTES that keeping this long-term temperature objective within reach will require global greenhouse gas emissions t ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.