NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RARE DISASTERS, TAIL-HEDGED INVESTMENTS, AND RISK-ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES
... further ado, for the purposes of this paper I identify the economy-wide average return on all investments as being re = 7%. The riskfree rate on a safe investment is typically proxied by the average real return on very short term U.S. treasury bills. This number is about one percent per year.3 Once ...
... further ado, for the purposes of this paper I identify the economy-wide average return on all investments as being re = 7%. The riskfree rate on a safe investment is typically proxied by the average real return on very short term U.S. treasury bills. This number is about one percent per year.3 Once ...
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage – What, Why, Where, and Texas’s role
... Restricting the greenhouse-gas concentration to 450 ppm would limit temperature increase to 2⁰C, compared with 3.5⁰C in the New Policies Scenario & 6⁰C in the Current Policies Scenario ...
... Restricting the greenhouse-gas concentration to 450 ppm would limit temperature increase to 2⁰C, compared with 3.5⁰C in the New Policies Scenario & 6⁰C in the Current Policies Scenario ...
a proposal for a convention on climate change refugees
... with climate change refugees,7 this Article presents several advances. It provides a more in-depth examination of a climate change refugee legal instrument that draws on multiple areas of the law, including human rights, humanitarian, and international environmental law. It looks to legal precedent ...
... with climate change refugees,7 this Article presents several advances. It provides a more in-depth examination of a climate change refugee legal instrument that draws on multiple areas of the law, including human rights, humanitarian, and international environmental law. It looks to legal precedent ...
FIRST-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 4 Do Not Cite
... footprint of the current distribution. For high-warming scenarios this rises to a fifth to a half. It is inferred that this will increase the risk of premature extinction for these species substantially, but the duration of the period until actual extinction occurs is unknown. [Figure 4-9, 4.3.2.5] ...
... footprint of the current distribution. For high-warming scenarios this rises to a fifth to a half. It is inferred that this will increase the risk of premature extinction for these species substantially, but the duration of the period until actual extinction occurs is unknown. [Figure 4-9, 4.3.2.5] ...
Helping Biodiversity Adapt
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is likely to be unavoidable, widespread and substantial. As a result, some of our approaches to biodiversity conservation may need to change – including not just the actions we take now but also the overarch ...
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is likely to be unavoidable, widespread and substantial. As a result, some of our approaches to biodiversity conservation may need to change – including not just the actions we take now but also the overarch ...
workingpaper - School of Psychology
... graphs and technical figures. While it is neither possible nor desirable to exclude technical terminology from a discussion of geoengineering, a less technical approach may have enhanced (rather than hindered) the engagement process. For example, in the initial presentation used to introduce the ide ...
... graphs and technical figures. While it is neither possible nor desirable to exclude technical terminology from a discussion of geoengineering, a less technical approach may have enhanced (rather than hindered) the engagement process. For example, in the initial presentation used to introduce the ide ...
ARTICLES CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
... reducing the apparent need for mitigation; and playing down the urgency for action. For one, ‘adaptationists’ were distrusted because their proposals seemed to undermine the 6 A premise of this Article is that the climate system is changing at anomalously rapid rates compared to historical trends, a ...
... reducing the apparent need for mitigation; and playing down the urgency for action. For one, ‘adaptationists’ were distrusted because their proposals seemed to undermine the 6 A premise of this Article is that the climate system is changing at anomalously rapid rates compared to historical trends, a ...
Climate Change
... 100mm of rain would be sufficient Could happen in just 10 years Key impacts: Eradicate drought, increase the amount of crops being grown and subsequently provide more food and income to struggling farmers ...
... 100mm of rain would be sufficient Could happen in just 10 years Key impacts: Eradicate drought, increase the amount of crops being grown and subsequently provide more food and income to struggling farmers ...
united - Stockholm Convention
... A brief scientific evaluation of the current literature on climate change and persistent organic pollutants can be found in the report on the impacts of climate change and persistent organic pollutants (UNEP/POPS/COP.5/INF/26).The key findings of the report include: (a) Climate change could affect p ...
... A brief scientific evaluation of the current literature on climate change and persistent organic pollutants can be found in the report on the impacts of climate change and persistent organic pollutants (UNEP/POPS/COP.5/INF/26).The key findings of the report include: (a) Climate change could affect p ...
Climate change science and Victoria
... Victorian Department of the Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP), and the BOM and CSIRO. We acknowledge the Regional Natural Resource Management planning for Climate Change Project which delivered the national climate change projections and the Department of the Environment from the Austral ...
... Victorian Department of the Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP), and the BOM and CSIRO. We acknowledge the Regional Natural Resource Management planning for Climate Change Project which delivered the national climate change projections and the Department of the Environment from the Austral ...
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events and the Highway System
... Emissions scenario - An estimate of the GHG and aerosol emissions associated with a chosen trajectory of global population growth, economic activity, trade, and technological change. Emissions scenarios are inputs to the general circulation models used in the development of climate projections. Eus ...
... Emissions scenario - An estimate of the GHG and aerosol emissions associated with a chosen trajectory of global population growth, economic activity, trade, and technological change. Emissions scenarios are inputs to the general circulation models used in the development of climate projections. Eus ...
Final Report
... will reinforce this development and modify today's living and working conditions (Beniston, 2005; ClimChAlp, 2008) . Natural hazards are inherent to an Alpine environment, e.g. rockfalls, debris flows, land slides, floods and avalanches. Also droughts and forest fires occur, especially in dry southe ...
... will reinforce this development and modify today's living and working conditions (Beniston, 2005; ClimChAlp, 2008) . Natural hazards are inherent to an Alpine environment, e.g. rockfalls, debris flows, land slides, floods and avalanches. Also droughts and forest fires occur, especially in dry southe ...
How will organic carbon stocks in mineral soils
... Soil organic carbon dynamics are driven by changes in climate and land cover or land use. In natural ecosystems, the balance of SOC is determined by the gains through plant and other organic inputs and losses due to the turnover of organic matter (Smith et al., 2008). It is predicted that plant inpu ...
... Soil organic carbon dynamics are driven by changes in climate and land cover or land use. In natural ecosystems, the balance of SOC is determined by the gains through plant and other organic inputs and losses due to the turnover of organic matter (Smith et al., 2008). It is predicted that plant inpu ...
Impact of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols on clouds and
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change combines cutting-edge scientific research with independent policy analysis to provide a solid foundation for the public and private decisions needed to mitigate and adapt to unavoidable global environmental changes. Being data-driven, ...
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change combines cutting-edge scientific research with independent policy analysis to provide a solid foundation for the public and private decisions needed to mitigate and adapt to unavoidable global environmental changes. Being data-driven, ...
Sean B. Hecht - UCLA Law Review
... impacts on insured risks. These impacts will negatively affect insurability and insurers’ willingness and ability to supply insurance. In Part III, I examine the potential for the insurance industry to influence private responses to climate change through the industry’s products. I analyze the facto ...
... impacts on insured risks. These impacts will negatively affect insurability and insurers’ willingness and ability to supply insurance. In Part III, I examine the potential for the insurance industry to influence private responses to climate change through the industry’s products. I analyze the facto ...
Flammable Planet - The Cost of Carbon Pollution
... While the interaction of forest and wildfire dynamics often increases fire risks, climate change could also decrease certain risks. An increased CO2 fertilization effect will increase the level and rate of growth of woody plants in savanna ecosystems, such that they are more likely to escape low-lyi ...
... While the interaction of forest and wildfire dynamics often increases fire risks, climate change could also decrease certain risks. An increased CO2 fertilization effect will increase the level and rate of growth of woody plants in savanna ecosystems, such that they are more likely to escape low-lyi ...
Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for
... Increase in global mean temperature since 1900 (i.e., mean global warming) is used as the common metric against which impacts are measured. This metric is closely related to greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations but is more relevant for impact assessments. Some general caveats apply to all of the reas ...
... Increase in global mean temperature since 1900 (i.e., mean global warming) is used as the common metric against which impacts are measured. This metric is closely related to greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations but is more relevant for impact assessments. Some general caveats apply to all of the reas ...
China in the International Politics of Climate Change
... countries that are responsible for about 30% of the worlds total greenhouse gas emissions (Alfsen and Holtsmark 2005). Even if all countries fulfill their commitments, this great step forward for climate diplomacy will only have minimal impact on the climate change problem.1 In order to achieve the ...
... countries that are responsible for about 30% of the worlds total greenhouse gas emissions (Alfsen and Holtsmark 2005). Even if all countries fulfill their commitments, this great step forward for climate diplomacy will only have minimal impact on the climate change problem.1 In order to achieve the ...
A regional climate change decision framework for natural resource
... This report describes a regional approach to adapt to climate change that focuses on engaging the natural resources management community. The approach was developed between the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management (AMLR NRM) Board and the Government of South Australia. Althou ...
... This report describes a regional approach to adapt to climate change that focuses on engaging the natural resources management community. The approach was developed between the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management (AMLR NRM) Board and the Government of South Australia. Althou ...
Equator Principles and Climate Change Issues
... to my thesis that I am proud of. I sincerely express my gratitude for all efforts that you have put forth to advise me during the course of my academic development at the University of Waterloo and my research endeavors. Thank you to my committee member, Dr. Olaf Weber, for agreeing to provide your ...
... to my thesis that I am proud of. I sincerely express my gratitude for all efforts that you have put forth to advise me during the course of my academic development at the University of Waterloo and my research endeavors. Thank you to my committee member, Dr. Olaf Weber, for agreeing to provide your ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 3 Do Not Cite
... Goals [3.6.1; 3.6.5]. Annual global adaptation costs to maintain baseline levels of water-supply and sanitation services will be 50 to 70% of baseline investment in the sector (high agreement, limited evidence). Some adaptive water-management measures also mitigate climate change (medium agreement, ...
... Goals [3.6.1; 3.6.5]. Annual global adaptation costs to maintain baseline levels of water-supply and sanitation services will be 50 to 70% of baseline investment in the sector (high agreement, limited evidence). Some adaptive water-management measures also mitigate climate change (medium agreement, ...
Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends And their Policy
... future international migration’, but, where existent, databases are weak at best. It is also important to point out that these projections tell us nothing about the magnitude of total flows, but merely the balance between immigration and emigration; nor do they tell us the reasons why people move – ...
... future international migration’, but, where existent, databases are weak at best. It is also important to point out that these projections tell us nothing about the magnitude of total flows, but merely the balance between immigration and emigration; nor do they tell us the reasons why people move – ...
City of Tshwane Vulnerability Assessment to Climate Change
... Table 7: Air Pollutants over CoT............................................................................................................ 55 Table 8. Incidents of hailstorms in the CoT (CoT-SACN, 2013). ........................................................... 60 Table 9. The direct and indirec ...
... Table 7: Air Pollutants over CoT............................................................................................................ 55 Table 8. Incidents of hailstorms in the CoT (CoT-SACN, 2013). ........................................................... 60 Table 9. The direct and indirec ...
Establishing a Climate Change Department in
... national development plan; and iii. Using transformational efforts to exemplify the Island State as a sustainable, resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island s ...
... national development plan; and iii. Using transformational efforts to exemplify the Island State as a sustainable, resilient and a resource efficient island with low emissions and an inclusive economy that presents a replicable model for other island states. Jamaica is designated as a small island s ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (or CPRS) was a proposed cap-and-trade system of emissions trading for anthropogenic greenhouse gases, due to be introduced in Australia in 2010 by the Rudd government, as part of its climate change policy. It marked a major change in the energy policy of Australia. The policy began when the Australian Labor Party was in opposition and the six Labor-controlled states commissioned an independent review on energy policy, the Garnaut Climate Change Review, which published a number of reports. Labor, after winning the federal election and forming a government, published a Green paper for discussion and comment. The Federal Treasury then modelled some of the financial and economic impacts of the proposed scheme.The Rudd Government published a final white paper on 15 December 2008. The Government announced that the legislation was intended to take effect in July 2010; but the legislation for the CPRS (aka ETS) failed to gain adequate support and was twice rejected creating a double dissolution election trigger. After a bitter political debate which saw former opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull lose his leadership of the opposition to the anti-CPRS Tony Abbott. The Rudd government did not call an election and the CPRS lost public support. In April 2010, Labor then deferred the CPRS. A successor to the CPRS, the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) was passed into law as part of the Clean Energy Futures Package (CEF) in 2011, but was repealed in July 2014 following a change in government.