Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to
... of deeper (> 10 cm) roots by 121% in 1 year. Warming and precipitation treatments both affected functional group composition, with C4 grasses and other annual and biennial species entering the C3 perennial-dominated community in ambient rainfall and rain addition treatments as well as in warmed trea ...
... of deeper (> 10 cm) roots by 121% in 1 year. Warming and precipitation treatments both affected functional group composition, with C4 grasses and other annual and biennial species entering the C3 perennial-dominated community in ambient rainfall and rain addition treatments as well as in warmed trea ...
Sep 6, 2014 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... dud. The leaders of both China and India have sent their regrets. The countries are the number 1 and number 3 world emitters CO2, accounting to about one-third of global emissions. One can speculate that perhaps the leaders realize that CO2 is vital plant food. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ha ...
... dud. The leaders of both China and India have sent their regrets. The countries are the number 1 and number 3 world emitters CO2, accounting to about one-third of global emissions. One can speculate that perhaps the leaders realize that CO2 is vital plant food. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ha ...
Loss and Damage: The Role of Ecosystem Services
... and increased glacial runoff combine to worsen flood events. In the Sahel region, temperature increase, rainfall variability, and decreases in rainfall in some areas have led to crop losses and the decline of one of the world’s largest inland lakes, Lake Chad. The case studies show that causal links ...
... and increased glacial runoff combine to worsen flood events. In the Sahel region, temperature increase, rainfall variability, and decreases in rainfall in some areas have led to crop losses and the decline of one of the world’s largest inland lakes, Lake Chad. The case studies show that causal links ...
The Geography of Solving Global Environmental Problems
... Ostrow, Pierre-Henri Prelot, Ben Richardson, and Ruti Teitel-which have helped her shape this project and ensure that it reflects the on-the-ground experiences in the Twin Cities metropolitan region. The author is also grateful to Myron Orfield for allowing her to reproduce his map of the Twin Citie ...
... Ostrow, Pierre-Henri Prelot, Ben Richardson, and Ruti Teitel-which have helped her shape this project and ensure that it reflects the on-the-ground experiences in the Twin Cities metropolitan region. The author is also grateful to Myron Orfield for allowing her to reproduce his map of the Twin Citie ...
Mexico`s Climate Change Mid-Century Strategy
... to transform our economies. To reach the Paris goal, we must plan ahead. Instead of reinventing our past, we can create our future where growth is uninhibited by fossil fuel constraints or health impacts; a future where growth does not come at the cost of future generations. Mexico assumes its respo ...
... to transform our economies. To reach the Paris goal, we must plan ahead. Instead of reinventing our past, we can create our future where growth is uninhibited by fossil fuel constraints or health impacts; a future where growth does not come at the cost of future generations. Mexico assumes its respo ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... Air transport, although currently contributing substantially lower levels of GHGs than road transport, was also raised as a cause for concern. The proportionate contribution made by air transport to total GHG emissions was agreed to be rising rapidly. Schemes to achieve carbonneutral air transport b ...
... Air transport, although currently contributing substantially lower levels of GHGs than road transport, was also raised as a cause for concern. The proportionate contribution made by air transport to total GHG emissions was agreed to be rising rapidly. Schemes to achieve carbonneutral air transport b ...
Strengthening of the hydrological cycle in future scenarios
... diffusion parameterization is performed through the boundary layer. To obtain flux conservation at the interface, in the C-ESM model the coupling between SILVA and ECHAM5 is achieved by means of a fully implicit coupling numerical scheme for the energy and water fluxes. This scheme has been implemen ...
... diffusion parameterization is performed through the boundary layer. To obtain flux conservation at the interface, in the C-ESM model the coupling between SILVA and ECHAM5 is achieved by means of a fully implicit coupling numerical scheme for the energy and water fluxes. This scheme has been implemen ...
On the tropical origin of uncertainties in the global land precipitation
... precipitation climatologies in the eight coupled GCMs, as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies ...
... precipitation climatologies in the eight coupled GCMs, as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies ...
Durban Climate Change Strategy
... acknowledged that despite Africa‟s minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, the continent is predicted to experience severe consequences from climate change, such as amplified water-stress and food insecurity. Climate change is likely to undermine development efforts in the region an ...
... acknowledged that despite Africa‟s minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, the continent is predicted to experience severe consequences from climate change, such as amplified water-stress and food insecurity. Climate change is likely to undermine development efforts in the region an ...
ACSRI report - Columbia University
... recommendation, however, the stronger has become the feeling that divestment is too narrow a lens through which to consider Columbia University’s engagement with the climate change issue. The Committee has also become acutely aware that it is the wrong forum to debate and then propose the specifics ...
... recommendation, however, the stronger has become the feeling that divestment is too narrow a lens through which to consider Columbia University’s engagement with the climate change issue. The Committee has also become acutely aware that it is the wrong forum to debate and then propose the specifics ...
Chapter 26 Land/Sea Physical Interaction
... rate of global sea-level rise throughout the 20th century has increased, due to melting ice caps and glaciers and the thermal expansion of the oceans, both resulting from increased global temperatures. Local sea level is further affected by processes including sediment discharge and subsidence (the ...
... rate of global sea-level rise throughout the 20th century has increased, due to melting ice caps and glaciers and the thermal expansion of the oceans, both resulting from increased global temperatures. Local sea level is further affected by processes including sediment discharge and subsidence (the ...
Averchenkova, Stern and Zenghelis policy paper December 2014 (opens in new window)
... transition to a low-carbon economy rather than on the potential benefits. Countries are now seeking to reach a new international agreement on climate change, to be signed in Paris in December 2015. A key element of the international negotiations since the Kyoto Protocol, has been equity, but discuss ...
... transition to a low-carbon economy rather than on the potential benefits. Countries are now seeking to reach a new international agreement on climate change, to be signed in Paris in December 2015. A key element of the international negotiations since the Kyoto Protocol, has been equity, but discuss ...
A Climate of Change - Redefining Progress
... Climate Justice: The Time Is Now Ultimately, accomplishing climate justice will require that new alliances are forged and traditional movements are transformed. An effective policy to address the challenges of global warming cannot be crafted until race and equity Environmental Justice and Climate Ch ...
... Climate Justice: The Time Is Now Ultimately, accomplishing climate justice will require that new alliances are forged and traditional movements are transformed. An effective policy to address the challenges of global warming cannot be crafted until race and equity Environmental Justice and Climate Ch ...
Target Atmospheric CO : Where Should Humanity Aim?
... vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was 3.5 ± 1 W/m2 [14] relative to the Holocene. Additional forcing due to reduced amounts of long-lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), including the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor (Fig. S1) was -3 ± 0.5 W/m2 ...
... vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was 3.5 ± 1 W/m2 [14] relative to the Holocene. Additional forcing due to reduced amounts of long-lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), including the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor (Fig. S1) was -3 ± 0.5 W/m2 ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uniform radiative forcing, we might expect LSTs to move ...
... heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uniform radiative forcing, we might expect LSTs to move ...
Extreme Weather Events
... nearly always reach the ears of United States Environmental Protection Agency, who in June of this year unveiled a Clean Power Plan aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide from the nation’s power sector by 30% (relative to 2005 levels) by the year 2030. One of the primary reasons for justifyin ...
... nearly always reach the ears of United States Environmental Protection Agency, who in June of this year unveiled a Clean Power Plan aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide from the nation’s power sector by 30% (relative to 2005 levels) by the year 2030. One of the primary reasons for justifyin ...
The Role of Stochastic Forcing on the Behavior of Thermohaline
... formation in climate models suggest there is a cooling with a maximum of 10 K over the nordic seas, while the spatial extent of the cooling is model dependent.8 In the last decade some efforts have been made to measure the magnitude of this circulation and even to determine if there is a diminishing ...
... formation in climate models suggest there is a cooling with a maximum of 10 K over the nordic seas, while the spatial extent of the cooling is model dependent.8 In the last decade some efforts have been made to measure the magnitude of this circulation and even to determine if there is a diminishing ...
Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem Carlos M. Duarte1
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change - BMUB
... worldwide, and these would be more difficult and involve higher costs. Reducing greenhouse gases in all countries is thus the central requirement for minimising the need for adaptation – and hence the cost of adaptation – in the long term. This means that the two approaches – measures to reduce gree ...
... worldwide, and these would be more difficult and involve higher costs. Reducing greenhouse gases in all countries is thus the central requirement for minimising the need for adaptation – and hence the cost of adaptation – in the long term. This means that the two approaches – measures to reduce gree ...
The Status of Climate Change Data: A Case Study for
... The findings revealed that some infrastructure currently exists for climate data. The essential climate variables rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed are collected by nine (9) weather stations, two (2) of which are manned stations and seven (7) of which are autom ...
... The findings revealed that some infrastructure currently exists for climate data. The essential climate variables rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed are collected by nine (9) weather stations, two (2) of which are manned stations and seven (7) of which are autom ...
Climate change alters interannual variation of grassland
... 2001; SPSS, Chicago, IL). In order to investigate interannual variations in monthly mean temperature and precipitation over the period, we used the linear regression slope of these two variables against years as an indicator of their trends over time. ...
... 2001; SPSS, Chicago, IL). In order to investigate interannual variations in monthly mean temperature and precipitation over the period, we used the linear regression slope of these two variables against years as an indicator of their trends over time. ...
The Environmental Turning Point
... hidden in these catchphrases is the depth and breath of a rising social force (Hawken, 2007). Generally the term the “environmental movement” has come to represent a social movement that attempts to address environmental issues, such as acid rain, whaling and deforestation. However, the environmenta ...
... hidden in these catchphrases is the depth and breath of a rising social force (Hawken, 2007). Generally the term the “environmental movement” has come to represent a social movement that attempts to address environmental issues, such as acid rain, whaling and deforestation. However, the environmenta ...
- adaptation
... • Poor do autonomous adaptation • For example, household farms may adapt better than commercial farms because more diversified (less specialized) • Can help poor for equity reasons: but must be careful not to provide mal-incentives discouraging adaptation such as subsidized insurance (market distort ...
... • Poor do autonomous adaptation • For example, household farms may adapt better than commercial farms because more diversified (less specialized) • Can help poor for equity reasons: but must be careful not to provide mal-incentives discouraging adaptation such as subsidized insurance (market distort ...