Radiative forcing of gases, aerosols and, clouds.
... Cloud radiative forcing shows how much clouds modify the net radiation and thus their role in the Earth energy balance. Positive forcing occurs over the regions where clouds act to increase the net energy into the Earth system, while the negative forcing is over the regions where clouds act to dec ...
... Cloud radiative forcing shows how much clouds modify the net radiation and thus their role in the Earth energy balance. Positive forcing occurs over the regions where clouds act to increase the net energy into the Earth system, while the negative forcing is over the regions where clouds act to dec ...
A fractal climate response function can simulate global average
... SO2 emission data are available from 1850-2005 (Smith et al 2011). Except for the solar forcing, I used the year 1800 as the starting year for computing model responses to forcings. I extended the SO2 data to 1800-1849 by first noticing that the emissions very closely follow an exponentially growin ...
... SO2 emission data are available from 1850-2005 (Smith et al 2011). Except for the solar forcing, I used the year 1800 as the starting year for computing model responses to forcings. I extended the SO2 data to 1800-1849 by first noticing that the emissions very closely follow an exponentially growin ...
American Climate Prospectus - Goldman School of Public Policy
... agriculture to recreation and tourism. Extreme weather events, like hurricanes, droughts, and inland flooding can be particularly damaging, costing Americans more than $110 billion in 2012 (NOAA 2013). Economic and technological development has made us less vulnerable to the elements. Lighting allow ...
... agriculture to recreation and tourism. Extreme weather events, like hurricanes, droughts, and inland flooding can be particularly damaging, costing Americans more than $110 billion in 2012 (NOAA 2013). Economic and technological development has made us less vulnerable to the elements. Lighting allow ...
Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk - Union of Concerned Scientists
... temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low future carbon emissions, average temperatures in the six Rocky Mountain states could rise to about 3°F above 1971– ...
... temperatures would be far hotter than they have been in several thousand years. Our new analysis of information used in the 2014 National Climate Assessment shows that, given very low future carbon emissions, average temperatures in the six Rocky Mountain states could rise to about 3°F above 1971– ...
Public understanding of climate change and adaptation
... Figure 9: How would you rate this word or image in this context? Mean affect was rated on a 5 point scale ranging from 1 - Very negative to 5 Very positive. Top 15 categories are shown . .. 60 Figure 10: Self, collective and governmental adaptation efficacy (mean score) (1- Strongly disagree, 5 - St ...
... Figure 9: How would you rate this word or image in this context? Mean affect was rated on a 5 point scale ranging from 1 - Very negative to 5 Very positive. Top 15 categories are shown . .. 60 Figure 10: Self, collective and governmental adaptation efficacy (mean score) (1- Strongly disagree, 5 - St ...
Victorian climate change adaptation plan
... climate resilience The Victorian Adaptation and Sustainability Partnership aims to strengthen cooperation between the Victorian Government and local government by: > clarifying their respective roles and responsibilities; > providing a forum for ongoing discussion between state and local governmen ...
... climate resilience The Victorian Adaptation and Sustainability Partnership aims to strengthen cooperation between the Victorian Government and local government by: > clarifying their respective roles and responsibilities; > providing a forum for ongoing discussion between state and local governmen ...
Marine Biodiversity and Resources
... of the broad impacts on the marine environment, but adaptation research is less well developed. This National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan for Marine Biodiversity and Resources identifies research required over the next 5–7 years to inform policy development and help managers of coastal e ...
... of the broad impacts on the marine environment, but adaptation research is less well developed. This National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan for Marine Biodiversity and Resources identifies research required over the next 5–7 years to inform policy development and help managers of coastal e ...
The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) contribution
... D. M. Lawrence et al.: The LUMIP contribution to CMIP6 ide concentration (Ciais et al., 2014), but the LULCC flux remains one of the most uncertain terms in the global carbon budget (Houghton et al., 2012). As on the biogeophysical side, models show a wide range of estimates for historic and future ...
... D. M. Lawrence et al.: The LUMIP contribution to CMIP6 ide concentration (Ciais et al., 2014), but the LULCC flux remains one of the most uncertain terms in the global carbon budget (Houghton et al., 2012). As on the biogeophysical side, models show a wide range of estimates for historic and future ...
McAdam - Climate Change Displacement
... Though the idea of an ‘ecological refugee’ was first mentioned in 1948,5 its more recent and first ‘official’ derivation was a UNEP report in 1985 by El-Hinnawi. He used the term ‘environmental refugee’ to highlight the potentially devastating impacts of unchecked development, pollution and so on.6 ...
... Though the idea of an ‘ecological refugee’ was first mentioned in 1948,5 its more recent and first ‘official’ derivation was a UNEP report in 1985 by El-Hinnawi. He used the term ‘environmental refugee’ to highlight the potentially devastating impacts of unchecked development, pollution and so on.6 ...
Bridging the Adaptation Gap: Approaches to
... experienced and are expected to increase. The frequency and severity of extreme weather events are increasing, and global average temperature continues to rise. The need for an assessment of the physical risks created by the changing climate and for investment into resilience to those risks is subst ...
... experienced and are expected to increase. The frequency and severity of extreme weather events are increasing, and global average temperature continues to rise. The need for an assessment of the physical risks created by the changing climate and for investment into resilience to those risks is subst ...
Safeguarding the Arctic - Center for American Progress
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
North American megadroughts in the Common Era
... interpreting and analyzing the climate dynamics associated with drought events. Finally, tree growth is highly sensitive to moisture availability over much of North America, ensuring high quality and well validated reconstructions. One of the most comprehensive reconstructions of North American hydr ...
... interpreting and analyzing the climate dynamics associated with drought events. Finally, tree growth is highly sensitive to moisture availability over much of North America, ensuring high quality and well validated reconstructions. One of the most comprehensive reconstructions of North American hydr ...
Transportation & Climate Change in Manitoba – Proceedings
... difficulties of building winter roads and the adverse effects of higher temperatures on permafrost and ice formation. The number of days that winter roads are safe to use has fallen from an average of 50 or 55 days to as low as 20 days in 1999/2000. On the other hand, while traffic has increased, fu ...
... difficulties of building winter roads and the adverse effects of higher temperatures on permafrost and ice formation. The number of days that winter roads are safe to use has fallen from an average of 50 or 55 days to as low as 20 days in 1999/2000. On the other hand, while traffic has increased, fu ...
climate change in the texan mind
... Texans are uncertain about whether humanity will do what is necessary to reduce global warming. One in three (35%), a plurality, believes humans could reduce global warming but that it’s unclear at this point whether we will do what’s needed. Aside from those who are uncertain, the pessimists outnum ...
... Texans are uncertain about whether humanity will do what is necessary to reduce global warming. One in three (35%), a plurality, believes humans could reduce global warming but that it’s unclear at this point whether we will do what’s needed. Aside from those who are uncertain, the pessimists outnum ...
Panama and the Specter of Climate Change
... change.'13 Such effects will undoubtedly affect these nations' positions and development strategies, always their central focus in the international sphere. Yet, despite their best efforts, these nations have been unable to slow global warming or to play roles in the solutions offered in its wake."4 ...
... change.'13 Such effects will undoubtedly affect these nations' positions and development strategies, always their central focus in the international sphere. Yet, despite their best efforts, these nations have been unable to slow global warming or to play roles in the solutions offered in its wake."4 ...
Understanding Climate Diplomacy
... (UNFCCC) agreed a review to assess the adequacy of the below 2°C target in light of a possible strengthening to a ‘below 1.5°C’ goal. No country can control the climate risk it faces on its own. Climate change is more challenging than many other global issues because it is a race against time, delay ...
... (UNFCCC) agreed a review to assess the adequacy of the below 2°C target in light of a possible strengthening to a ‘below 1.5°C’ goal. No country can control the climate risk it faces on its own. Climate change is more challenging than many other global issues because it is a race against time, delay ...
Sea-Level Rise
... Climate change refers to a long-term shift in the Earth’s weather pattern as a result of both natural variation and human-induced factors. These shifts include alterations in the averages, extremes, timing, and spatial distribution of weather (Holdren, 2008). The past two decades have been the warme ...
... Climate change refers to a long-term shift in the Earth’s weather pattern as a result of both natural variation and human-induced factors. These shifts include alterations in the averages, extremes, timing, and spatial distribution of weather (Holdren, 2008). The past two decades have been the warme ...
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... “unequivocal” that the world’s climate is warming. See IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, Summary for Policymakers, at 1 (Nov. 2007). 2 The average temperature increase across the globe during the 20th century was 1.33°F, while global sea levels have risen between 0.05 and 0.15 in/year sin ...
... “unequivocal” that the world’s climate is warming. See IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, Summary for Policymakers, at 1 (Nov. 2007). 2 The average temperature increase across the globe during the 20th century was 1.33°F, while global sea levels have risen between 0.05 and 0.15 in/year sin ...
Global Climate Change: National Security Implications
... So where are we in our thinking today when it comes to the science of climate change? There are still dissenting voices, and we cannot speak with absolute certainty. But science, we should remember, is essentially a culture of doubt.2 As Karl Popper wrote at the start of the 20th century, “I think ...
... So where are we in our thinking today when it comes to the science of climate change? There are still dissenting voices, and we cannot speak with absolute certainty. But science, we should remember, is essentially a culture of doubt.2 As Karl Popper wrote at the start of the 20th century, “I think ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... aspect of large-scale circulation variability in this region is the midto high-latitude response to tropical variability, particularly the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)11. Over recent decades, multiple changes have been observed in high-latitude SH climate. But the brevity and sparse distribut ...
... aspect of large-scale circulation variability in this region is the midto high-latitude response to tropical variability, particularly the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)11. Over recent decades, multiple changes have been observed in high-latitude SH climate. But the brevity and sparse distribut ...
World Heritage and Climate Change
... Scientists tell us that even under the most ambitious current reduction scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions, 70% of corals worldwide are projected to suffer from long-term degradation by 2030, and, accordingly, limiting warming to 1.5°C or less is essential for the survival of coral reefs and ma ...
... Scientists tell us that even under the most ambitious current reduction scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions, 70% of corals worldwide are projected to suffer from long-term degradation by 2030, and, accordingly, limiting warming to 1.5°C or less is essential for the survival of coral reefs and ma ...