The missing climate forcing
... comparison, none of the other natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings that we know about, such as changes of solar irradiance or greenhouse gases, alters the radiative forcing by more than 0.1 Wm−# on a twoyear timescale. Thus it is appropriate to search climatic records for a climate response ...
... comparison, none of the other natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings that we know about, such as changes of solar irradiance or greenhouse gases, alters the radiative forcing by more than 0.1 Wm−# on a twoyear timescale. Thus it is appropriate to search climatic records for a climate response ...
Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
... them susceptible to infestation by pine bark beetles • This example shows how a stressful event can trigger dramatic ecological change when an ecosystem is subject to many interacting stresses ...
... them susceptible to infestation by pine bark beetles • This example shows how a stressful event can trigger dramatic ecological change when an ecosystem is subject to many interacting stresses ...
Expansion of the world`s deserts due to vegetation
... leads to increased surface albedo, which reduces heat input and moist static energy. Consequently, the subsidence that is typical of these subtropical regions intensifies, leading to reduced moisture convergence and precipitation. This is further amplified by the three processes discussed above. The ...
... leads to increased surface albedo, which reduces heat input and moist static energy. Consequently, the subsidence that is typical of these subtropical regions intensifies, leading to reduced moisture convergence and precipitation. This is further amplified by the three processes discussed above. The ...
A critical assessment of George Monbiot`s scheme for a 90 per cent
... Kyoto Protocol since the mid-1990s. Monbiot reveals that some of the organizations and personnel that pursued a covert strategy of disinformation in defence of the tobacco industry shifted across into promoting climate change denial on behalf of the fossil fuel lobby. They adopted the same tactics o ...
... Kyoto Protocol since the mid-1990s. Monbiot reveals that some of the organizations and personnel that pursued a covert strategy of disinformation in defence of the tobacco industry shifted across into promoting climate change denial on behalf of the fossil fuel lobby. They adopted the same tactics o ...
Marine Science - Climate
... This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fisherydependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quant ...
... This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fisherydependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quant ...
the book - Connecting Delta Cities
... and climate adaptation may initiate opportunities and innovations for investors and spatial planners. Challenges include, for example: are current city plans climate proof or do we need to fine-tune our ongoing investments?; can we develop a flood proof subway system?; and can we develop new infrast ...
... and climate adaptation may initiate opportunities and innovations for investors and spatial planners. Challenges include, for example: are current city plans climate proof or do we need to fine-tune our ongoing investments?; can we develop a flood proof subway system?; and can we develop new infrast ...
PDF
... result in production declines. Higher temperatures in key producing areas typically result in reduced yields of desirable crops whilst extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms can exacerbate food security problems. In a changing climate, production gains are projected in some regi ...
... result in production declines. Higher temperatures in key producing areas typically result in reduced yields of desirable crops whilst extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms can exacerbate food security problems. In a changing climate, production gains are projected in some regi ...
Exploring the Geologic Time Scale via Changes in Fossilized Horse
... even tropical trees and plants from the Eocene have also been found in Greenland and Alaska. Tropical rainforests grew as far north as northern North America and Europe. Palm trees were growing as far north as Alaska and northern Europe during the early Eocene, although they became less abundant as ...
... even tropical trees and plants from the Eocene have also been found in Greenland and Alaska. Tropical rainforests grew as far north as northern North America and Europe. Palm trees were growing as far north as Alaska and northern Europe during the early Eocene, although they became less abundant as ...
Lecture 4 - Institute of Development Studies
... increases in carbon emissions (e.g., China is now the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in absolute term, but not per capita), as well as the similarly large increases in renewable energy investment. ...
... increases in carbon emissions (e.g., China is now the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in absolute term, but not per capita), as well as the similarly large increases in renewable energy investment. ...
Climate hypersensitivity to solar forcing?
... cloudiness and the precipitation for each atmospheric cell are computed from the temperature, speci®c humidity and the mean and convective circulation in the cell using two constants determined by observations and two free parameters. In order to tune and verify the model (see e.g., Soon et al., 199 ...
... cloudiness and the precipitation for each atmospheric cell are computed from the temperature, speci®c humidity and the mean and convective circulation in the cell using two constants determined by observations and two free parameters. In order to tune and verify the model (see e.g., Soon et al., 199 ...
PDF
... how price increases in key commodities are expected to impact the import bills for food. It shows that the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have to calculate expenditures increased by 25 percent in 2007 as compared to 2006. The estimates for the Low-Income Food Deficit Countries result in an even hi ...
... how price increases in key commodities are expected to impact the import bills for food. It shows that the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have to calculate expenditures increased by 25 percent in 2007 as compared to 2006. The estimates for the Low-Income Food Deficit Countries result in an even hi ...
Towards a typology for constrained climate model forecasts
... Optimal fingerprinting can be thought of as equivalent to generating a large “pseudo-ensemble” simply by taking the mean space-time pattern of response to a given external forcing as simulated by a small ensemble and scaling it up and down by an arbitrary parameter representing uncertainty in the re ...
... Optimal fingerprinting can be thought of as equivalent to generating a large “pseudo-ensemble” simply by taking the mean space-time pattern of response to a given external forcing as simulated by a small ensemble and scaling it up and down by an arbitrary parameter representing uncertainty in the re ...
Uncertainty in the impacts of projected climate change on the
... 2009a,b). For an Arctic climate, several studies have examined the impacts of future climate scenarios (Bonsal and Kochtubajda, 2009; Kattsov et al., 2007; Nohara et al., 2006), however, few have examined the hydrological impacts in this region. One exception is the study by Pohl et al. (2007) who e ...
... 2009a,b). For an Arctic climate, several studies have examined the impacts of future climate scenarios (Bonsal and Kochtubajda, 2009; Kattsov et al., 2007; Nohara et al., 2006), however, few have examined the hydrological impacts in this region. One exception is the study by Pohl et al. (2007) who e ...
A values-based approach to vulnerability and adaptation to climate
... assessed or responded to in only one way; there may be value conflicts between different actors’ responses; future generations may judge based on different value systems; and climate change itself challenges worldviews and values. First, acknowledging that people see the world differently and may pr ...
... assessed or responded to in only one way; there may be value conflicts between different actors’ responses; future generations may judge based on different value systems; and climate change itself challenges worldviews and values. First, acknowledging that people see the world differently and may pr ...
Queries for ecol-90-04-15 1. AU: Should Dieckmann be changed to
... approaches: static dynamics and time-series approaches. Static approaches focus on global climate change and use expressions for R0 (basic reproductive number), or ‘‘entomological potential’’ to examine how potential changes in climate will modify the potential range of specific human pathogens. Most ...
... approaches: static dynamics and time-series approaches. Static approaches focus on global climate change and use expressions for R0 (basic reproductive number), or ‘‘entomological potential’’ to examine how potential changes in climate will modify the potential range of specific human pathogens. Most ...
Climate change, natural disasters and human displacement
... exacerbating income differentials and deepening inequalities. Over the last two decades the number of recorded natural disasters has doubled from some 200 to over 400 per year. Nine out of every ten natural disasters today are climate-related. 7 The Norwegian Refugee Council recently indicated that ...
... exacerbating income differentials and deepening inequalities. Over the last two decades the number of recorded natural disasters has doubled from some 200 to over 400 per year. Nine out of every ten natural disasters today are climate-related. 7 The Norwegian Refugee Council recently indicated that ...
"A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the... Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Effective Climate Policy"
... areas. In 2005, the National Research Council published a report “Radiative forcing of climate change: Expanding the concept and addressing uncertainties” that documented that a human disturbance of any component of the climate system, necessarily alters other aspects of the climate. ...
... areas. In 2005, the National Research Council published a report “Radiative forcing of climate change: Expanding the concept and addressing uncertainties” that documented that a human disturbance of any component of the climate system, necessarily alters other aspects of the climate. ...
TSRA Climate Change Strategy-2014-2018
... ecosystems around the world. It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid 20th centuryi. The extent of the predicted effects of climate change in the Torres Strait region, along with the geographic, ecological, social and cultural char ...
... ecosystems around the world. It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid 20th centuryi. The extent of the predicted effects of climate change in the Torres Strait region, along with the geographic, ecological, social and cultural char ...
Energy-Water-Climate Change Scenario Report
... The following Figure from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency shows a range of possible future average global temperatures: ...
... The following Figure from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency shows a range of possible future average global temperatures: ...
PDF
... one needs to consider the completeness of that estimate. Damage cost estimates are incomplete. There are reasons to assume that some of the omitted impacts are substantial and negative, but other omitted impacts may be positive. This paper does not argue “we don’t know and therefore …”. Rather, it ...
... one needs to consider the completeness of that estimate. Damage cost estimates are incomplete. There are reasons to assume that some of the omitted impacts are substantial and negative, but other omitted impacts may be positive. This paper does not argue “we don’t know and therefore …”. Rather, it ...
greenhouse gases - the National Sea Grant Library
... greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone. Much of the high-energy, shortwavelength radiation from the sun passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. The energy that is not reflected off the surface is absor ...
... greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone. Much of the high-energy, shortwavelength radiation from the sun passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the surface of the Earth. The energy that is not reflected off the surface is absor ...
The PETM and Leaf Margin Analysis
... o Some people also argue that just one of these events would not be enough to trigger the PETM and that it would take multiple of these events to cause it. • In the end as of now we do not know what caused the PETM. ...
... o Some people also argue that just one of these events would not be enough to trigger the PETM and that it would take multiple of these events to cause it. • In the end as of now we do not know what caused the PETM. ...
Hasan, F.A. Human Agency, Climate Change, and Culture
... of the local population. It is only through long-term archaeological and historical analysis, as well as detailed examination of the social dynamics on local and regional scales within an interregional framework, that we can begin to detect the differential impact of the same climatic event. I wish ...
... of the local population. It is only through long-term archaeological and historical analysis, as well as detailed examination of the social dynamics on local and regional scales within an interregional framework, that we can begin to detect the differential impact of the same climatic event. I wish ...
Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for
... human responses to climate change (either active or passive), as distinct from use of the term “adaptation” in the traditional evolutionary biology sense, which focuses on genetic changes over time in response to selective pressures. Although they are different concepts, evolutionary adaptation play ...
... human responses to climate change (either active or passive), as distinct from use of the term “adaptation” in the traditional evolutionary biology sense, which focuses on genetic changes over time in response to selective pressures. Although they are different concepts, evolutionary adaptation play ...
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and
... speed and direction do not point toward climatic culde-sacs or result in infinite velocities. Instead, infinite velocities should indicate no-analogue climate conditions within the entire study area. Second, the algorithm should be expanded from a univariate temperature analysis to more appropriatel ...
... speed and direction do not point toward climatic culde-sacs or result in infinite velocities. Instead, infinite velocities should indicate no-analogue climate conditions within the entire study area. Second, the algorithm should be expanded from a univariate temperature analysis to more appropriatel ...