Monitoring and Evaluating The 100 Billion Green Climate Fund: A
... Reporting climate finance contributions is an essential element for building trust between developed and developing countries. GCF contributions are to be additional to existing Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments. In the absence of proper guidelines for monitoring and reporting donor ...
... Reporting climate finance contributions is an essential element for building trust between developed and developing countries. GCF contributions are to be additional to existing Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments. In the absence of proper guidelines for monitoring and reporting donor ...
The National Climate Change Programme (NCCP), a unit within the
... process aimed at achieving a supportive coalition for the national participation in the CDM. This process is meant to serve several purposes: (i) a channel for information dissemination; (ii) assess the policy and legal framework within which CDM related activities are taking place; (iii) identify p ...
... process aimed at achieving a supportive coalition for the national participation in the CDM. This process is meant to serve several purposes: (i) a channel for information dissemination; (ii) assess the policy and legal framework within which CDM related activities are taking place; (iii) identify p ...
Proposal on synthetic air pollution pressure indicators
... 2.2 Synthetic Pressure Indicators for Increases in Tropospheric Ozone and Acidification As in the previous subsection, we consider here how to weight the emissions of each gas responsible for part of the tropospheric ozone, and each gas which contributes to acidification. Unlike the case of climate ...
... 2.2 Synthetic Pressure Indicators for Increases in Tropospheric Ozone and Acidification As in the previous subsection, we consider here how to weight the emissions of each gas responsible for part of the tropospheric ozone, and each gas which contributes to acidification. Unlike the case of climate ...
Geoengineering the climate: science, governance
... reduced by adaptation, and moderated by mitigation, especially by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. However, global efforts to reduce emissions have not yet been sufficiently successful to provide confidence that the reductions needed to avoid dangerous climate change will be achieved. It is h ...
... reduced by adaptation, and moderated by mitigation, especially by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. However, global efforts to reduce emissions have not yet been sufficiently successful to provide confidence that the reductions needed to avoid dangerous climate change will be achieved. It is h ...
Using the past to understand the future
... variation in the Earth’s mantle convection strength (and resulting sea-floor spreading rates). These refer to periods in which icesheets dominated the poles – the Icehouse, which we are currently in – and times when the poles were free from ice – the Greenhouse. These terms are not to be confused wi ...
... variation in the Earth’s mantle convection strength (and resulting sea-floor spreading rates). These refer to periods in which icesheets dominated the poles – the Icehouse, which we are currently in – and times when the poles were free from ice – the Greenhouse. These terms are not to be confused wi ...
Intensification of winter transatlantic aviation turbulence in response
... amount and type of assimilated data may partly account for these trends. In addition, moderate-or-greater upper-level turbulence has been found to increase over the period 1994–2005 in pilot reports in the United States23 . However, it is difficult to assign much significance to this trend, because ...
... amount and type of assimilated data may partly account for these trends. In addition, moderate-or-greater upper-level turbulence has been found to increase over the period 1994–2005 in pilot reports in the United States23 . However, it is difficult to assign much significance to this trend, because ...
Compact of Mayors
... officials to demonstrate their commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the impacts of climate change. The development of the Compact of Mayors was led by C40, ICLEI, and UCLG, in close collaboration with the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change ...
... officials to demonstrate their commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the impacts of climate change. The development of the Compact of Mayors was led by C40, ICLEI, and UCLG, in close collaboration with the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change ...
Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater
... to the effect of higher temperature on evapotranspiration (Kingston and Taylor, 2010). Furthermore, recharge can be influenced by variability in solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit and CO2 concentration as these climate characteristics influence the vegetation water demands and water use effici ...
... to the effect of higher temperature on evapotranspiration (Kingston and Taylor, 2010). Furthermore, recharge can be influenced by variability in solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit and CO2 concentration as these climate characteristics influence the vegetation water demands and water use effici ...
UK`s Second Biennial Report
... UK when reporting more generally against the UNFCCC where the base year for all GHGs is 1990. The UK also uses the inventory to track progress against legally binding domestic targets, which are further discussed in Chapter 2. Under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol first commitment period2 the UK’s ...
... UK when reporting more generally against the UNFCCC where the base year for all GHGs is 1990. The UK also uses the inventory to track progress against legally binding domestic targets, which are further discussed in Chapter 2. Under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol first commitment period2 the UK’s ...
Ecophysiological variation in two provenances of
... in September and October 2008, dried in well-ventilated areas at <28 °C, and then stored at −20 °C. Following stratification at 4 °C, seeds were sown into 2.5 × 12 cm Ray Leach ‘Conetainer’ cells lined with coffee filter paper and filled with a mixture of washed sand and autoclaved potting soil desi ...
... in September and October 2008, dried in well-ventilated areas at <28 °C, and then stored at −20 °C. Following stratification at 4 °C, seeds were sown into 2.5 × 12 cm Ray Leach ‘Conetainer’ cells lined with coffee filter paper and filled with a mixture of washed sand and autoclaved potting soil desi ...
Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850–2080 from the
... [Scheff and Frierson, 2014]. Though the actual LH and SH are usually different from those with an assumed saturated water vapor at the surface, their sum is conserved for a given Rn G because LH + SH = Rn G. 2.2. CESM Data and Analysis We use the CESM-LME simulations for 850–2005 [Otto-Bliesner ...
... [Scheff and Frierson, 2014]. Though the actual LH and SH are usually different from those with an assumed saturated water vapor at the surface, their sum is conserved for a given Rn G because LH + SH = Rn G. 2.2. CESM Data and Analysis We use the CESM-LME simulations for 850–2005 [Otto-Bliesner ...
Kiribati
... (UNFCCC). Heads of Governments from many countries including Kiribati signed this convention during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Brazil in June 1992. It entered into force on the 21st March, 1994 for countries which had before then ratified the Convent ...
... (UNFCCC). Heads of Governments from many countries including Kiribati signed this convention during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Brazil in June 1992. It entered into force on the 21st March, 1994 for countries which had before then ratified the Convent ...
Specialist Advice and literature review to support the Ad Hoc
... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of „hard defenc ...
... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of „hard defenc ...
3 The role of biodiversity in societal adaptation to climate change
... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of ‘hard defenc ...
... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of ‘hard defenc ...
IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
... Measures exist to achieve the substantial emissions reductions required to limit likely warming to 2°C ...
... Measures exist to achieve the substantial emissions reductions required to limit likely warming to 2°C ...
PRODUCTION FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF THE SENSITIVITY OF
... programmes may assist with spreading losses over larger regional areas, which may serve to reduce overall risk to growers. One important limitation of this study was that the analyses focused on the experimental sites only and hence did not consider all maize production areas across the country (wh ...
... programmes may assist with spreading losses over larger regional areas, which may serve to reduce overall risk to growers. One important limitation of this study was that the analyses focused on the experimental sites only and hence did not consider all maize production areas across the country (wh ...
Ch4 Pre-release version - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... referred to as arbitrary or incremental scenarios) and analogue scenarios. None of the alternatives provide a physically consistent climate change scenario including both atmospheric composition changes and physically coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables. Nevert ...
... referred to as arbitrary or incremental scenarios) and analogue scenarios. None of the alternatives provide a physically consistent climate change scenario including both atmospheric composition changes and physically coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables. Nevert ...
Inequality and the Social Cost of CarbonThe authors would like to
... We will use this welfare function in order to evaluate the impacts (damages or benefits) from climate change that are derived from numerical models together with assumptions about the socioeconomic variables. The numerical models provide an estimate of the effect of one additional ton of CO2 emitte ...
... We will use this welfare function in order to evaluate the impacts (damages or benefits) from climate change that are derived from numerical models together with assumptions about the socioeconomic variables. The numerical models provide an estimate of the effect of one additional ton of CO2 emitte ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
... In order to be compatible with the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement, while at the same time taking into account rich countries’ responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions faster than the world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and ...
... In order to be compatible with the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement, while at the same time taking into account rich countries’ responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions faster than the world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and ...
Risk-based assessment of climate change impacts
... additional LAB-based Integrated Risk Management workshops. The objective of these integrated workshops will be to take the evidentiary base provided by science, socioeconomics, and policy and incorporate DFO program area (e.g. fisheries management, oceans management, etc.) considerations to determin ...
... additional LAB-based Integrated Risk Management workshops. The objective of these integrated workshops will be to take the evidentiary base provided by science, socioeconomics, and policy and incorporate DFO program area (e.g. fisheries management, oceans management, etc.) considerations to determin ...
Annex I Annex D in the Convention
... positive and/or negative impacts on society of implementing possible control measures (Annex F (c)), such as the effect on emissions of greenhouse gasses. For example, it might be appropriate to discuss climate change impacts when discussing alternatives and/or waste and disposal implications depend ...
... positive and/or negative impacts on society of implementing possible control measures (Annex F (c)), such as the effect on emissions of greenhouse gasses. For example, it might be appropriate to discuss climate change impacts when discussing alternatives and/or waste and disposal implications depend ...
Slide 1
... Carbon neutral: Commonly accepted terminology for something (e.g. an organisation or product) which has zero net emissions. (2) Carbon literacy: General knowledge or awareness of the concepts, causes, and the effects of atmospheric pollution or greenhouse gases. (2) Climate: Average weather and its ...
... Carbon neutral: Commonly accepted terminology for something (e.g. an organisation or product) which has zero net emissions. (2) Carbon literacy: General knowledge or awareness of the concepts, causes, and the effects of atmospheric pollution or greenhouse gases. (2) Climate: Average weather and its ...
... result of natural variability or greenhouse warming, and what are plausible impacts on U.S. national security interests? The authors conclude that the early ramifications of climate extremes resulting from climate change are already upon us and will likely continue to be felt over the next decade – ...
Climate Extremes: Recent Trends with Implications for National Security
... result of natural variability or greenhouse warming, and what are plausible impacts on U.S. national security interests? The authors conclude that the early ramifications of climate extremes resulting from climate change are already upon us and will likely continue to be felt over the next decade – ...
... result of natural variability or greenhouse warming, and what are plausible impacts on U.S. national security interests? The authors conclude that the early ramifications of climate extremes resulting from climate change are already upon us and will likely continue to be felt over the next decade – ...