WAVELET-BASED DENOISING USING HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS ECE Department, MS-366 Rice University
... In most wavelet-based statistical signal processing techniques, the wavelet coefficients are assumed to be either independent or jointly Gaussian. This assumption is unrealistic for many real-world signals. Non-Gaussian statistics of the wavelet coefficients are considered in [1, 2]. Statistical dep ...
... In most wavelet-based statistical signal processing techniques, the wavelet coefficients are assumed to be either independent or jointly Gaussian. This assumption is unrealistic for many real-world signals. Non-Gaussian statistics of the wavelet coefficients are considered in [1, 2]. Statistical dep ...
Global Warming Index - Debate Central
... These figures amply illustrate how Western Europe and the United States are by far largely responsible for the effects of global warming we are seeing today. Contrastingly the regions least responsible are the ones that will bear the brunt of those effects (initially at any rate, until such time tha ...
... These figures amply illustrate how Western Europe and the United States are by far largely responsible for the effects of global warming we are seeing today. Contrastingly the regions least responsible are the ones that will bear the brunt of those effects (initially at any rate, until such time tha ...
Quantitative summer temperature reconstruction derived from a
... This river has a mean discharge rate of 2 m3 s1 but carries almost no suspended sediment. The discharge rates of the Vallun and Surlej Rivers are 0.7 and 0.3 m3 s1, respectively. The Engadine is an inner-alpine dry valley with a mean annual precipitation rate of 978 mm (SMA, 2002; climatology 1961 ...
... This river has a mean discharge rate of 2 m3 s1 but carries almost no suspended sediment. The discharge rates of the Vallun and Surlej Rivers are 0.7 and 0.3 m3 s1, respectively. The Engadine is an inner-alpine dry valley with a mean annual precipitation rate of 978 mm (SMA, 2002; climatology 1961 ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Pacific
... fragility of its economic structure, its distinctive demographics, and the interactions between these different factors. Many of the Pacific developing member countries (DMCs) of ADB have limited agricultural land and high population densities, with their economic activities mostly concentrated on l ...
... fragility of its economic structure, its distinctive demographics, and the interactions between these different factors. Many of the Pacific developing member countries (DMCs) of ADB have limited agricultural land and high population densities, with their economic activities mostly concentrated on l ...
Climate Change Assessment for the San Juan Mountain Regions
... Southwestern Colorado, USA: A Review of Scientific Research. Prepared by Mountain Studies Institute in cooperation with USDA San Juan National Forest Service and USDOI Bureau of Land Management Tres Rios Field Office. Durango, CO. Available for download from: ...
... Southwestern Colorado, USA: A Review of Scientific Research. Prepared by Mountain Studies Institute in cooperation with USDA San Juan National Forest Service and USDOI Bureau of Land Management Tres Rios Field Office. Durango, CO. Available for download from: ...
Full-Text PDF
... space‖ for human society, which is defined by multiple biophysical ―boundaries‖ in the Earth system that span climate change, biogeochemical cycles, land and water use and chemical pollution. Pushing the Earth system beyond these boundaries jeopardizes the sustainability of valued ecosystem goods an ...
... space‖ for human society, which is defined by multiple biophysical ―boundaries‖ in the Earth system that span climate change, biogeochemical cycles, land and water use and chemical pollution. Pushing the Earth system beyond these boundaries jeopardizes the sustainability of valued ecosystem goods an ...
Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Climate Change
... agriculture would generally be negative, and would be strongly negative in many developing countries (Nelson and others 2009). The authors argue that in developing countries, climate change will induce yield declines for the most important crops especially in South Asia; that irrigated yields for al ...
... agriculture would generally be negative, and would be strongly negative in many developing countries (Nelson and others 2009). The authors argue that in developing countries, climate change will induce yield declines for the most important crops especially in South Asia; that irrigated yields for al ...
Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018
... Mexico has made significant commitments in mitigation actions. The Climate Change General Law (LGCC) establishes the objective of cutting down emmissions 30% by the year 2020 with respect to the baseline, and 50% by 2050 compared to those registered in 2000. These objectives are ambitious, but the b ...
... Mexico has made significant commitments in mitigation actions. The Climate Change General Law (LGCC) establishes the objective of cutting down emmissions 30% by the year 2020 with respect to the baseline, and 50% by 2050 compared to those registered in 2000. These objectives are ambitious, but the b ...
Chapter 3: U.S. Legal Developments: Legislative, Executive, and
... quantities. Other GHGs, however, have more global warming potential (GWP). For example, methane has a GWP of 25 (25 times more potent, for equal weights, than CO2); nitrous oxide, 298. High GWP gases are sulfur hexafluoride (SF6, GWP of 22,800), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs, 12-14,800), and perfluorocar ...
... quantities. Other GHGs, however, have more global warming potential (GWP). For example, methane has a GWP of 25 (25 times more potent, for equal weights, than CO2); nitrous oxide, 298. High GWP gases are sulfur hexafluoride (SF6, GWP of 22,800), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs, 12-14,800), and perfluorocar ...
Great Lakes National Parks in Peril
... and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP)’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset, provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Santa Clara Un ...
... and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP)’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset, provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Santa Clara Un ...
PDF
... indirectly through changes in water availability, air pollution and the ranges of disease vectors (for example mosquitoes), waterborne pathogens and foodborne diseases. In Italy, the heat-waves in 2003 and 2006, the changes in rainfall patterns and temperature and the already visible effects on faun ...
... indirectly through changes in water availability, air pollution and the ranges of disease vectors (for example mosquitoes), waterborne pathogens and foodborne diseases. In Italy, the heat-waves in 2003 and 2006, the changes in rainfall patterns and temperature and the already visible effects on faun ...
Heft 168 Wei Yang Discrete-Continuous Downscaling Model for
... 4.15 Rainfall probabilities calculated from the observations and logistic regression ...
... 4.15 Rainfall probabilities calculated from the observations and logistic regression ...
After Kyoto: Approaches to Climate Change Mitigation Post-2012
... governments have responded to this consensus by taking action to limit GHG emissions, first through the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and second with the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008 (Box 1). However, the future of the international climate ...
... governments have responded to this consensus by taking action to limit GHG emissions, first through the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and second with the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008 (Box 1). However, the future of the international climate ...
Needs Assessment: Turks and Caicos Islands
... to tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surges. Hurricanes occur on average once per 5.5 years but only occasionally have destructive impacts. Recent work by the Caribsave Partnership8 provides detailed predicative climatic data for the TCI based on downscaled regional climate model (RCM) and gener ...
... to tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surges. Hurricanes occur on average once per 5.5 years but only occasionally have destructive impacts. Recent work by the Caribsave Partnership8 provides detailed predicative climatic data for the TCI based on downscaled regional climate model (RCM) and gener ...
The Role of Methane in Climate (Change)
... of plausibility. Some of this is well-intentioned but misguided. For those who advocate climate literacy or for scientists who engage with the public, it is necessary to call out this stuff in the same manner as one would call out a scientist who doesn’t think that the modern CO2 rise is due to huma ...
... of plausibility. Some of this is well-intentioned but misguided. For those who advocate climate literacy or for scientists who engage with the public, it is necessary to call out this stuff in the same manner as one would call out a scientist who doesn’t think that the modern CO2 rise is due to huma ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
... Historically, vulnerability has been approached from two points of view, the top-down and bottom-upapproach (Figure 3). The Bottom-up approach is often used more in social sciences studies, with focus on vulnerability of society or communities. It derives its data from studying the existing local so ...
... Historically, vulnerability has been approached from two points of view, the top-down and bottom-upapproach (Figure 3). The Bottom-up approach is often used more in social sciences studies, with focus on vulnerability of society or communities. It derives its data from studying the existing local so ...
Hydrological controls on the tropospheric ozone greenhouse gas
... The influence of the hydrological cycle in the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) is quantified in terms of the O3 longwave radiative effect (LWRE), which is defined as the net reduction of top-of-atmosphere flux due to total tropospheric O3 absorption. The O3 LWRE derived from t ...
... The influence of the hydrological cycle in the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect of tropospheric ozone (O3) is quantified in terms of the O3 longwave radiative effect (LWRE), which is defined as the net reduction of top-of-atmosphere flux due to total tropospheric O3 absorption. The O3 LWRE derived from t ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
... taking into account the range of criteria in the Act including affordability, competitiveness and security of supply. As part of the agreement to set the budget, the Government announced that it would be reviewed in 2014. If there is to be a review, then the Climate Change Act states that it must be ...
... taking into account the range of criteria in the Act including affordability, competitiveness and security of supply. As part of the agreement to set the budget, the Government announced that it would be reviewed in 2014. If there is to be a review, then the Climate Change Act states that it must be ...
Recent observed climate change over the Arabian Peninsula
... Peninsula (AP) during the last 2 to 3 decades. The data set has been carefully quality controlled and checked for homogeneity. Although of low density (21 stations) and relatively short time period, a clear picture of climate change in the region has emerged. The general pattern of the AP mean annua ...
... Peninsula (AP) during the last 2 to 3 decades. The data set has been carefully quality controlled and checked for homogeneity. Although of low density (21 stations) and relatively short time period, a clear picture of climate change in the region has emerged. The general pattern of the AP mean annua ...
Adélie penguins coping with environmental change
... representing 9% of the world population and the full range of breeding colony sizes. Five years into the 14-year study (1997–2010) two very large icebergs (spanning 1.5 latitude degrees in length) grounded in waters adjacent to breeding colonies, dramatically altering environmental conditions during ...
... representing 9% of the world population and the full range of breeding colony sizes. Five years into the 14-year study (1997–2010) two very large icebergs (spanning 1.5 latitude degrees in length) grounded in waters adjacent to breeding colonies, dramatically altering environmental conditions during ...
Chapter 2 Current Legal Challenges in Climate Change Justice
... targets through national measures to reduce GHG emissions. The Kyoto Protocol also permits Annex B parties to participate in GHG emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling commitments under Article 3 of the UNFCCC.150 In addition, the Kyoto Protocol established two other market-based mechanisms ...
... targets through national measures to reduce GHG emissions. The Kyoto Protocol also permits Annex B parties to participate in GHG emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling commitments under Article 3 of the UNFCCC.150 In addition, the Kyoto Protocol established two other market-based mechanisms ...
American Teens` Knowledge of Climate Change
... American teens have an in-depth understanding of climate change. For comparison, the same 75 questions were used to grade American adults. On this scale, 30 percent of adults received a passing grade. This “grade”, however, should be interpreted with caution. Some questions clearly were harder to an ...
... American teens have an in-depth understanding of climate change. For comparison, the same 75 questions were used to grade American adults. On this scale, 30 percent of adults received a passing grade. This “grade”, however, should be interpreted with caution. Some questions clearly were harder to an ...
Climate change: impacts and adaptation for agriculture in Western
... medium term (2040–60) and long term (2070–2100), compared to conditions in the recent past. In planning for the future climate, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of this modelling. The trajectory of future greenhouse gas emissions remains speculative, but for a given emissi ...
... medium term (2040–60) and long term (2070–2100), compared to conditions in the recent past. In planning for the future climate, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of this modelling. The trajectory of future greenhouse gas emissions remains speculative, but for a given emissi ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... gases (principally methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and tropospheric ozone) in the atmosphere. For example, the concentration of CO2 has increased by more than 40% since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The heat-trapping characteristics of these greenhouse gases result in increasing tempe ...
... gases (principally methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and tropospheric ozone) in the atmosphere. For example, the concentration of CO2 has increased by more than 40% since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The heat-trapping characteristics of these greenhouse gases result in increasing tempe ...