Folie 1
... • Even allocation of the payments should be aimed at, as long as the boundary conditions (non-negativity of the fund) allow for it • Stochasticity large or small against the trend: stochasticity reduces the optimal payment, i.e. save more - the larger a (i.e., in species with weakly fluctuating popu ...
... • Even allocation of the payments should be aimed at, as long as the boundary conditions (non-negativity of the fund) allow for it • Stochasticity large or small against the trend: stochasticity reduces the optimal payment, i.e. save more - the larger a (i.e., in species with weakly fluctuating popu ...
Climate Change Science and Engineering
... Rg = fraction of the 1 kg of gas remaining in the atmosphere at time t RCO2 = fraction of the 1 kg of CO2 remaining in the atmosphere at time t radiative forcing efficiency is usually an exponential decay function, or ~ constant with time, depending on the gas. For CO2 the decay is rapid the first f ...
... Rg = fraction of the 1 kg of gas remaining in the atmosphere at time t RCO2 = fraction of the 1 kg of CO2 remaining in the atmosphere at time t radiative forcing efficiency is usually an exponential decay function, or ~ constant with time, depending on the gas. For CO2 the decay is rapid the first f ...
SC ESSAY - Complete Document (1) final public
... plant species that lives on Earth. When scientists talk about global climate change, they are talking about trends in the changes of temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other atmospheric conditions that occur over long periods of time. The most significant of these trends is global warmin ...
... plant species that lives on Earth. When scientists talk about global climate change, they are talking about trends in the changes of temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other atmospheric conditions that occur over long periods of time. The most significant of these trends is global warmin ...
Ocean Variables
... Convention and metrics for observing systems as in TAR. 14-18 October 2002 - Meeting of authors to organise, assemble and review initial Adequacy analyses. 20 Dec 2002 - 7Mar 2003 - Open review of the draft Adequacy Report (GCOS homepage) - available to Parties to SBSTA. 12-14 March 2003 – Fin ...
... Convention and metrics for observing systems as in TAR. 14-18 October 2002 - Meeting of authors to organise, assemble and review initial Adequacy analyses. 20 Dec 2002 - 7Mar 2003 - Open review of the draft Adequacy Report (GCOS homepage) - available to Parties to SBSTA. 12-14 March 2003 – Fin ...
Climate change impact assessment
... the potential impacts of climate change. A range of controls, including operational, procedural and policy, and inbuilt flexibility is already in place, as a result of the natural high variability, and this can be accelerated if needed. The assessment did help identify a number of business areas in ...
... the potential impacts of climate change. A range of controls, including operational, procedural and policy, and inbuilt flexibility is already in place, as a result of the natural high variability, and this can be accelerated if needed. The assessment did help identify a number of business areas in ...
On predicting climate under climate change
... a time period; typically 30 years (WMO 1996, Burroughs 2003). An assumption is being made here that the distribution over time is representative of the distribution of possible states at an instant; we describe this as the kairodic assumption due to its similarity, in general terms, with the widely ...
... a time period; typically 30 years (WMO 1996, Burroughs 2003). An assumption is being made here that the distribution over time is representative of the distribution of possible states at an instant; we describe this as the kairodic assumption due to its similarity, in general terms, with the widely ...
climate and the earth`s radiation budget
... Current three-dimensional climate models yield global warming by amounts in the range of 3-4.5 K. For a doubling of CO2, the model estimate of AQ is about 4 W/m 2 . Thus, the theoretical value of A lies in the range 0.9-1.5 W/m 2 /K. There have been many empirical estimates 6 of A from satellite mea ...
... Current three-dimensional climate models yield global warming by amounts in the range of 3-4.5 K. For a doubling of CO2, the model estimate of AQ is about 4 W/m 2 . Thus, the theoretical value of A lies in the range 0.9-1.5 W/m 2 /K. There have been many empirical estimates 6 of A from satellite mea ...
QIN Dahe
... Dr. QIN Dahe has involved in the research on cryosphere and global changes for decades, and he has participated in or led multiple scientific expeditions and relevant studies in Antarctic, Arctic, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Western China, having achieved a large number of innovative research findin ...
... Dr. QIN Dahe has involved in the research on cryosphere and global changes for decades, and he has participated in or led multiple scientific expeditions and relevant studies in Antarctic, Arctic, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Western China, having achieved a large number of innovative research findin ...
Some issues re. climate science - School of Mathematics and Statistics
... Annual-mean temperature change predicted for 2070-2100 in IPCC Third Assessment Report models ...
... Annual-mean temperature change predicted for 2070-2100 in IPCC Third Assessment Report models ...
Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi
... has two phytoplankton size classes (small and large), representing nanophytoplankton and diatoms, as well as two zooplankton size classes (small and large), representing microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of nutrients and light. The nanophytopla ...
... has two phytoplankton size classes (small and large), representing nanophytoplankton and diatoms, as well as two zooplankton size classes (small and large), representing microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of nutrients and light. The nanophytopla ...
Policymaker Summary
... North A m e r i c a are predicted to be higher than the global-mean, accompanied on average by reduced summer precipitation and soil moisture. There are less consistent predictions for the tropics and the southem hemisphere; ...
... North A m e r i c a are predicted to be higher than the global-mean, accompanied on average by reduced summer precipitation and soil moisture. There are less consistent predictions for the tropics and the southem hemisphere; ...
The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China
... agreement acceptable to all three of these major emitters, what led to their Paris commitments? Why were they able to find the politically feasible solutions (Underdal, 1998) which had escaped them during the negotiations in Copenhagen? The Paris Agreement is both legally binding and voluntary. The ...
... agreement acceptable to all three of these major emitters, what led to their Paris commitments? Why were they able to find the politically feasible solutions (Underdal, 1998) which had escaped them during the negotiations in Copenhagen? The Paris Agreement is both legally binding and voluntary. The ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Italy and the Mediterranean
... regions, including Northern Europe, British Isles, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, and Southern Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physi ...
... regions, including Northern Europe, British Isles, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, and Southern Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physi ...
Teacher notes and student sheets
... Slide 6: Factors contributing to climate forcing This type of diagram is relatively common in the literature of climate change. Students will need help to interpret the detail, but it repays careful study. The first point is that the data plotted compares climate forcing now with what it was in prei ...
... Slide 6: Factors contributing to climate forcing This type of diagram is relatively common in the literature of climate change. Students will need help to interpret the detail, but it repays careful study. The first point is that the data plotted compares climate forcing now with what it was in prei ...
Symmetry Plus Quasi Uniform Association Model and Its Orthogonal
... model holds true - is G 2 ( SQU ) − G 2 (QU ) and this is asymptotically equivalent to the likelihood ratio statistic for testing goodness-offit of the MH model, that is, G 2 ( MH ) . Namely, G 2 ( SQU ) − G 2 (QU ) would be used for testing goodness-of-fit of the MH model. Suppose that model Ω3 hol ...
... model holds true - is G 2 ( SQU ) − G 2 (QU ) and this is asymptotically equivalent to the likelihood ratio statistic for testing goodness-offit of the MH model, that is, G 2 ( MH ) . Namely, G 2 ( SQU ) − G 2 (QU ) would be used for testing goodness-of-fit of the MH model. Suppose that model Ω3 hol ...
The Mid-Atlantic Region and its climate: past, present
... 1930, the climate was cool and dry. The early 1930s saw a couple of exceedingly hot, dry years associated with the Midwestern Dust Bowl. This short, sharp drought was followed by nearly 3 decades of relatively warm, moist climate. This period was in turn followed by a cool and very dry climate in th ...
... 1930, the climate was cool and dry. The early 1930s saw a couple of exceedingly hot, dry years associated with the Midwestern Dust Bowl. This short, sharp drought was followed by nearly 3 decades of relatively warm, moist climate. This period was in turn followed by a cool and very dry climate in th ...
Integrated Assessment - Jeroen van der Sluijs
... climate change problem is a key example to illustrate this changing role and its consequences for evolution of IA and its toolbox. The development of international climate policy can be roughly divided into five periods (Table 1). IA started to play a role in the agenda-setting phase. In this proces ...
... climate change problem is a key example to illustrate this changing role and its consequences for evolution of IA and its toolbox. The development of international climate policy can be roughly divided into five periods (Table 1). IA started to play a role in the agenda-setting phase. In this proces ...
Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under
... the simulated sea ice cover agreed well with the observed climatology at that colony. We call this a local model selection. For comparison, we also considered a pan-Antarctic selection that applied the same subset of AOGCMs to each colony, and an analysis using all AOGCMs without regard to their agr ...
... the simulated sea ice cover agreed well with the observed climatology at that colony. We call this a local model selection. For comparison, we also considered a pan-Antarctic selection that applied the same subset of AOGCMs to each colony, and an analysis using all AOGCMs without regard to their agr ...
No Slide Title
... Using a Verbal Model JET PILOT A jet pilot is flying from Los Angeles, CA to Chicago, IL at a speed of 500 miles per hour. When the plane is 600 miles from Chicago, an air traffic controller tells the pilot that it will be 2 hours before the plane can get clearance to land. The pilot knows the spee ...
... Using a Verbal Model JET PILOT A jet pilot is flying from Los Angeles, CA to Chicago, IL at a speed of 500 miles per hour. When the plane is 600 miles from Chicago, an air traffic controller tells the pilot that it will be 2 hours before the plane can get clearance to land. The pilot knows the spee ...
U.S. EPA’s Models-3 : An Integrated “One
... 1. Support continued development of global and regional modeling capabilities for studying “policy-relevant” climatic effects of air pollution and the impacts of intercontinental transport • Are there existing global/regional models that can be practically used for the assessment of these two issues ...
... 1. Support continued development of global and regional modeling capabilities for studying “policy-relevant” climatic effects of air pollution and the impacts of intercontinental transport • Are there existing global/regional models that can be practically used for the assessment of these two issues ...
on the model applied (particularly on the
... Material (25)^. For each SRES scenario, we ran the model from 2000 to 2033 with presentday land cover, from 2033 to 2066 with 2050 land cover, and from 2066 to 2100 with 2100 land cover. The model ran in transient mode, using IPCC atmospheric forcings from 2000 to 2100 (20). For comparison, we ran t ...
... Material (25)^. For each SRES scenario, we ran the model from 2000 to 2033 with presentday land cover, from 2033 to 2066 with 2050 land cover, and from 2066 to 2100 with 2100 land cover. The model ran in transient mode, using IPCC atmospheric forcings from 2000 to 2100 (20). For comparison, we ran t ...
Changes in Arctic vegetation amplify high
... additional positive feedbacks associated with decreased sea-ice albedo and enhanced water vapor from evaporation from the Arctic Ocean. In particular, our analysis of the radiative energy imbalance due to the radiative forcing effects of water vapor is of the same order of magnitude as short-wave fo ...
... additional positive feedbacks associated with decreased sea-ice albedo and enhanced water vapor from evaporation from the Arctic Ocean. In particular, our analysis of the radiative energy imbalance due to the radiative forcing effects of water vapor is of the same order of magnitude as short-wave fo ...
3. The Climate Change Adaptation Planning Process
... The Tool data set was interrogated to determine the main values responsible for the focus area being identified. The components of the natural resource system that underpin those values should be addressed by adaptation actions. Components may include people and infrastructure, as well as natural as ...
... The Tool data set was interrogated to determine the main values responsible for the focus area being identified. The components of the natural resource system that underpin those values should be addressed by adaptation actions. Components may include people and infrastructure, as well as natural as ...