I G S M
... predict only annually-averaged global mean (e.g., AIM, MAGICC) or zonal mean (e.g., IMAGE 2) temperature as an indicator of climatic conditions. Examples of frameworks using these simpler models include the MERGE model (Manne, Mendelsohn, and Richels, 1994), GCAM (Edmonds et al., 1994, 1995), and IM ...
... predict only annually-averaged global mean (e.g., AIM, MAGICC) or zonal mean (e.g., IMAGE 2) temperature as an indicator of climatic conditions. Examples of frameworks using these simpler models include the MERGE model (Manne, Mendelsohn, and Richels, 1994), GCAM (Edmonds et al., 1994, 1995), and IM ...
palcomms201727-s1
... The simple linear relationship between emissions reductions by mid-century and warming arises because of two counteracting processes of the global carbon cycle (Matthews et al., 2009). At higher already-present CO2 concentrations, a certain amount of CO2 emissions has a smaller radiative effect (rad ...
... The simple linear relationship between emissions reductions by mid-century and warming arises because of two counteracting processes of the global carbon cycle (Matthews et al., 2009). At higher already-present CO2 concentrations, a certain amount of CO2 emissions has a smaller radiative effect (rad ...
The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed
... which may change the physical characteristics of vegetation). In terms of climate modelling, it is important to partition Rn between H and λE as well as possible, since less λE contributes less water vapour to the atmosphere and tends towards decreasing cloudiness and precipitation, whereas decrease ...
... which may change the physical characteristics of vegetation). In terms of climate modelling, it is important to partition Rn between H and λE as well as possible, since less λE contributes less water vapour to the atmosphere and tends towards decreasing cloudiness and precipitation, whereas decrease ...
IDRISI Selva Brochure
... of earth observation image time series such as monthly global sea surface temperature and vegetation index imagery. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) is a groundbreaking tool for the analysis of such data. With ETM, one can map long term trends, trends in seasonality (such as vegetation phenology) and ...
... of earth observation image time series such as monthly global sea surface temperature and vegetation index imagery. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) is a groundbreaking tool for the analysis of such data. With ETM, one can map long term trends, trends in seasonality (such as vegetation phenology) and ...
Closing Speech by Hon. Datuk Seri Mohd Ali Rustam
... YBHG DATUK LIM SUE BENG DIRECTOR PYRAMID EXPRESS SDN BHD MR. M. H. MOHAMED HUSNI VICE CHAIR (INCLUSION ...
... YBHG DATUK LIM SUE BENG DIRECTOR PYRAMID EXPRESS SDN BHD MR. M. H. MOHAMED HUSNI VICE CHAIR (INCLUSION ...
Arctic Meltdown Poses Global Threat 0309 - Global Warming
... says we cannot yet say whether emissions from melting permafrost contributed most to the rise. "But 2007 was unusually warm in Siberia, and we would expect emissions increases when temperature rises," he adds. The rise could just be a blip - or the start of something big. "Once this process starts, ...
... says we cannot yet say whether emissions from melting permafrost contributed most to the rise. "But 2007 was unusually warm in Siberia, and we would expect emissions increases when temperature rises," he adds. The rise could just be a blip - or the start of something big. "Once this process starts, ...
幻灯片 1
... • There are several feedback effects possible: water vapor, cloud, aerosol, ice-albedo (冰反照率), and ocean circulation feedbacks • Water vapor may be the most important feedback effect – It is a strong infrared absorbing gas at wavelengths between 5 and 7 μm and above 10 μm – As the average earth’s su ...
... • There are several feedback effects possible: water vapor, cloud, aerosol, ice-albedo (冰反照率), and ocean circulation feedbacks • Water vapor may be the most important feedback effect – It is a strong infrared absorbing gas at wavelengths between 5 and 7 μm and above 10 μm – As the average earth’s su ...
an_elephant_in_a_che.. - Tech-Know
... Global temperature increases are predicted in the range of 0.20 degrees/ decade yet monthly variations are over 3.8 degrees, over 150 times the predicted annual rate. Since there is no measurable CO2 change over a month the change has to be due to other factors with the appropriate variability (such ...
... Global temperature increases are predicted in the range of 0.20 degrees/ decade yet monthly variations are over 3.8 degrees, over 150 times the predicted annual rate. Since there is no measurable CO2 change over a month the change has to be due to other factors with the appropriate variability (such ...
Climate Research 57:61
... be increasing the impacts on vulnerable people living in areas where a risk of flash flooding and landslides exists. Studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in the MASP have been performed using various regional models (Freitas & Silva Dias 2005, Freitas et al. 2007, Mourão 2010), and the ...
... be increasing the impacts on vulnerable people living in areas where a risk of flash flooding and landslides exists. Studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in the MASP have been performed using various regional models (Freitas & Silva Dias 2005, Freitas et al. 2007, Mourão 2010), and the ...
NIPCC SPM Published - Australian Environment Foundation
... • Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3 to 1.1°C, almost 50% of which must already have occurred. • A few tenths of a degree of additional warming, should it occur, would not r ...
... • Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3 to 1.1°C, almost 50% of which must already have occurred. • A few tenths of a degree of additional warming, should it occur, would not r ...
Environment in Jeopardy: Consequences of climate change
... River Nile, provides more than 95% of all water to Egypt and the annual rainfall varies from a maximum of 180 mm/year on the North coast, to an average of 20 mm near the city of Cairo and diminishes to as little as 2 mm close to the city of Aswan in upper Egypt. Both water supply and demand are expe ...
... River Nile, provides more than 95% of all water to Egypt and the annual rainfall varies from a maximum of 180 mm/year on the North coast, to an average of 20 mm near the city of Cairo and diminishes to as little as 2 mm close to the city of Aswan in upper Egypt. Both water supply and demand are expe ...
Technical Expert Meetings (TEM)
... are needed to avoid that sustainable development and human wellbeing be hindered by climate change impacts. • However, the challenges currently posed by climate change lose significance compared with what is anticipated will occur. ...
... are needed to avoid that sustainable development and human wellbeing be hindered by climate change impacts. • However, the challenges currently posed by climate change lose significance compared with what is anticipated will occur. ...
Th1 Ch4 Weblinks - Dynamic Learning
... National Geographic: Hurricane Katrina day by day Follow a day-by-day account of Hurricane Katrina, from its formation in the Atlantic Ocean to its catastrophic effects. Although an older example, it provides detailed material for a case study. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbJaMWw4-2Q ...
... National Geographic: Hurricane Katrina day by day Follow a day-by-day account of Hurricane Katrina, from its formation in the Atlantic Ocean to its catastrophic effects. Although an older example, it provides detailed material for a case study. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbJaMWw4-2Q ...
Himalayan-Tibetan Glaciers and Snowpack System
... warming due to greenhouse gases has been studied the most to-date. Recent studies based on field observations and modeling studies have unearthed several other ways in which manmade pollutants are enhancing the CO2 effect. Air pollution in the form of black carbon and atmospheric brown clouds is con ...
... warming due to greenhouse gases has been studied the most to-date. Recent studies based on field observations and modeling studies have unearthed several other ways in which manmade pollutants are enhancing the CO2 effect. Air pollution in the form of black carbon and atmospheric brown clouds is con ...
awareness of both type 1 and 2 errors in climate science and
... from 1993 to 2003, but they do not include a continuation of the observed acceleration of melt (Alley et al. 2007). The Fourth Assessment Report gives ranges for sea level rise by 2100 that were lower than those reported in the Third Assessment Report and the Fifth Assessment Report (Fig. 2), but it ...
... from 1993 to 2003, but they do not include a continuation of the observed acceleration of melt (Alley et al. 2007). The Fourth Assessment Report gives ranges for sea level rise by 2100 that were lower than those reported in the Third Assessment Report and the Fifth Assessment Report (Fig. 2), but it ...
Q: What is the difference in the random effect model and the GEE
... Notice that with a link function and a linear predictor, we only specif the expectation of the outcome. The sampling distribution refers to the full distribution of the outcome. For example, in Poisson regression the outcome Y follows a Poisson distribution with expectation equal to μ=exp(Xβ), becau ...
... Notice that with a link function and a linear predictor, we only specif the expectation of the outcome. The sampling distribution refers to the full distribution of the outcome. For example, in Poisson regression the outcome Y follows a Poisson distribution with expectation equal to μ=exp(Xβ), becau ...
Strategies for Adapting to the Greenhouse Effect
... The rationale for doing so is that the outcome of projects initiated today will be altered by the effects of global warming. Modifying plans to consider global warming would frequently be an "easy" solution: The cost of factoring climate change will often be a small percentage of the total project c ...
... The rationale for doing so is that the outcome of projects initiated today will be altered by the effects of global warming. Modifying plans to consider global warming would frequently be an "easy" solution: The cost of factoring climate change will often be a small percentage of the total project c ...
20090302_SPM_Discuss..
... current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century. ...
... current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century. ...
The Role of Stochastic Forcing on the Behavior of Thermohaline
... Modern climate models consist of coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (CGCMs) that integrate basic fluid dynamic equations. They simulate the time-dependent three-dimensional flow fields and associated transports of mass, heat, and other fluid properties at a resolution of typically a ...
... Modern climate models consist of coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (CGCMs) that integrate basic fluid dynamic equations. They simulate the time-dependent three-dimensional flow fields and associated transports of mass, heat, and other fluid properties at a resolution of typically a ...
Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity
... more than 200 yr of fully coupled equilibration before the start of experiments. During the first half of the spin-up period, changes in soil carbon pools were accelerated by a factor of 40. We performed four model simulations starting from the pre-industrial initial conditions: (1) The “control” ca ...
... more than 200 yr of fully coupled equilibration before the start of experiments. During the first half of the spin-up period, changes in soil carbon pools were accelerated by a factor of 40. We performed four model simulations starting from the pre-industrial initial conditions: (1) The “control” ca ...
NRDC: The Paris Agreement on Climate Change
... 2020 and, ideally, strengthen their 2030 targets because they discovered that they can achieve more aggressive action than they envisioned at this moment. This will start a process in which countries outline their next set of commitments every five years—setting a framework for continuously ratcheti ...
... 2020 and, ideally, strengthen their 2030 targets because they discovered that they can achieve more aggressive action than they envisioned at this moment. This will start a process in which countries outline their next set of commitments every five years—setting a framework for continuously ratcheti ...
Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5
... The Earth’s climate is warming due to the accumulation of human-produced greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). Over the oceans, warmer surface temperatures will likely lead to increased evaporation and therefore greater specific humidity, but an approximately constant relative humidity (R ...
... The Earth’s climate is warming due to the accumulation of human-produced greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). Over the oceans, warmer surface temperatures will likely lead to increased evaporation and therefore greater specific humidity, but an approximately constant relative humidity (R ...
Climatic change: possible impacts on human health
... Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns can also impact upon agriculture and therefore affect food security in many parts of the world. Of all human activities, agriculture is probably the most sensitive to weather and climate. The IPCC [5] suggests that, while global food supply may be mai ...
... Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns can also impact upon agriculture and therefore affect food security in many parts of the world. Of all human activities, agriculture is probably the most sensitive to weather and climate. The IPCC [5] suggests that, while global food supply may be mai ...
gcc policy
... substantially underestimate rather than overestimate the potential effects of the rising concentrations of greenhouse gasses accumulating in the earth’s atmosphere. The factors we are currently most uncertain about—for example, positive feedbacks between biological systems and the climate that are n ...
... substantially underestimate rather than overestimate the potential effects of the rising concentrations of greenhouse gasses accumulating in the earth’s atmosphere. The factors we are currently most uncertain about—for example, positive feedbacks between biological systems and the climate that are n ...