i4332e03
... 2012). The main difficulty is data availability and its quality. Costs and benefits are location-specific, and calculating localized impacts requires detailed geographical knowledge of climate change impacts that are either unavailable or are subject to uncertainty (Refsgaard et al., 2013). Many act ...
... 2012). The main difficulty is data availability and its quality. Costs and benefits are location-specific, and calculating localized impacts requires detailed geographical knowledge of climate change impacts that are either unavailable or are subject to uncertainty (Refsgaard et al., 2013). Many act ...
Working Paper 136 - Dietz and Matei 2013 revised October 2014 (opens in new window)
... resolve? It contains normative and positive elements. There is a clear sense in which normative differences may never be completely eliminated. Positive ‘uncertainties’ could in principle be eliminated by collecting more empirical data from, for instance, market behaviour, questionnaire surveys or l ...
... resolve? It contains normative and positive elements. There is a clear sense in which normative differences may never be completely eliminated. Positive ‘uncertainties’ could in principle be eliminated by collecting more empirical data from, for instance, market behaviour, questionnaire surveys or l ...
CCWG Report - Mennonite Church Canada
... financial resources entrusted to MC-CAN by its members and supporters. We believe that Christians have the added challenge of ethical duties, that is, to be socially responsible investors (SRI). There are several approaches to investing ethically. Among the most prevalent are deliberate approaches o ...
... financial resources entrusted to MC-CAN by its members and supporters. We believe that Christians have the added challenge of ethical duties, that is, to be socially responsible investors (SRI). There are several approaches to investing ethically. Among the most prevalent are deliberate approaches o ...
Climate Change Reader – 4o collated articles on
... Also known as the Read Report after Professor Sir David Read who chaired the group of scientists and experts who worked on this independent assessment of UK forestry and climate change. The report was commissioned by the forestry commission to examine the potential of the UK's trees and woodlands to ...
... Also known as the Read Report after Professor Sir David Read who chaired the group of scientists and experts who worked on this independent assessment of UK forestry and climate change. The report was commissioned by the forestry commission to examine the potential of the UK's trees and woodlands to ...
i3437e02
... This report focuses on the contribution of livestock to climate change. While this is only one of several aspects of environmental sustainability, it has been a question of particular interest and debate. In 2006, FAO published Livestock’s long shadow – Environmental issues and options that provided ...
... This report focuses on the contribution of livestock to climate change. While this is only one of several aspects of environmental sustainability, it has been a question of particular interest and debate. In 2006, FAO published Livestock’s long shadow – Environmental issues and options that provided ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
trees on the move - the National Sea Grant Library
... and predicting future climates has intensified as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased. Since there are so many physical processes responsible for the structure and variation of climate, scientists have constructed mathematical models to predict future climates. The most freq ...
... and predicting future climates has intensified as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased. Since there are so many physical processes responsible for the structure and variation of climate, scientists have constructed mathematical models to predict future climates. The most freq ...
Toward Extreme Weather and Climate Resilience in the Region of
... The intent of this project was to provide case study examples of vulnerability and risk analysis methods being used to develop actionable strategies for increasing resilience to priority impacts of climate ...
... The intent of this project was to provide case study examples of vulnerability and risk analysis methods being used to develop actionable strategies for increasing resilience to priority impacts of climate ...
NAFTA and Climate Change - Peterson Institute for International
... emissions rose by 15 percent between 1990 and 2006. Canada’s performance was even worse, a 21 percent increase over 1990 levels. Mexico’s emissions, though still low on a per capita basis, increased by 40 percent during the same period. Meanwhile, global emissions increased by 26 percent, compared w ...
... emissions rose by 15 percent between 1990 and 2006. Canada’s performance was even worse, a 21 percent increase over 1990 levels. Mexico’s emissions, though still low on a per capita basis, increased by 40 percent during the same period. Meanwhile, global emissions increased by 26 percent, compared w ...
On the relationship between metrics to compare greenhouse gases
... this metric as the Integrated Global Temperature change Potential (IGTP). Note that it is not GTP that is integrated, but the temperature response from gas X divided by the integrated temperature response from the reference gas. In addition to GWP, GTP and IGTP, Shine et al. (2005) proposed a Sustai ...
... this metric as the Integrated Global Temperature change Potential (IGTP). Note that it is not GTP that is integrated, but the temperature response from gas X divided by the integrated temperature response from the reference gas. In addition to GWP, GTP and IGTP, Shine et al. (2005) proposed a Sustai ...
WATCH Technical Report Number 56 - Executive
... input. The WATCH Forcing Data covers the period 1901 – 2001 and is based on a global 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree (~ 50km x 50km) grid. It comprises eight essential climate variables. The 21st century data set – the WATCH Driving Data – covers the period 2001– 2100. It was created using a novel biascorre ...
... input. The WATCH Forcing Data covers the period 1901 – 2001 and is based on a global 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree (~ 50km x 50km) grid. It comprises eight essential climate variables. The 21st century data set – the WATCH Driving Data – covers the period 2001– 2100. It was created using a novel biascorre ...
DDI CM - Debating the Case Drill
... over 20 years – captured under melting permafrost is already under way. To see how far this process could go, look 55.5m years to the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, when a global temperature increase of 6C coincided with the release of about 5,000 gigatonnes of carbon into the atmosphere, both a ...
... over 20 years – captured under melting permafrost is already under way. To see how far this process could go, look 55.5m years to the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, when a global temperature increase of 6C coincided with the release of about 5,000 gigatonnes of carbon into the atmosphere, both a ...
Climate change in the Netherlands
... can be determined (by observations), if the likely evolution is known, and if we understand how they affect the weather, meaningful predictions could be derived. This applies in particular for the state of the tropical ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Observations with buoys in the oceans are being use ...
... can be determined (by observations), if the likely evolution is known, and if we understand how they affect the weather, meaningful predictions could be derived. This applies in particular for the state of the tropical ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Observations with buoys in the oceans are being use ...
Does extreme precipitation intensity depend on the emissions
... scenario, in the multimodel mean we compare the 84% confidence intervals between scenarios [Payton et al., 2003]. To test for differences across scenarios within individual models, we tabulate whether the change in precipitation is smaller or larger between adjacent scenario pairs for each model, then ...
... scenario, in the multimodel mean we compare the 84% confidence intervals between scenarios [Payton et al., 2003]. To test for differences across scenarios within individual models, we tabulate whether the change in precipitation is smaller or larger between adjacent scenario pairs for each model, then ...
Making climate hot - Center for Science and Technology Policy
... NOTE: The figure illustrates the implications of the long residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere for potential emissions reduction scenarios. Instantly stabilizing annual emissions at 2000 levels (red line) would still result in steep increases in atmospheric carbon concentrations ...
... NOTE: The figure illustrates the implications of the long residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere for potential emissions reduction scenarios. Instantly stabilizing annual emissions at 2000 levels (red line) would still result in steep increases in atmospheric carbon concentrations ...
Document
... crucial. The search for a global ozone trend involves looking for small secular changes amidst large natural variations that may occur on many time scales. Statistical methods for analysis of data for ozone trends have been developed. These analyses have so far shown no significant trend in total oz ...
... crucial. The search for a global ozone trend involves looking for small secular changes amidst large natural variations that may occur on many time scales. Statistical methods for analysis of data for ozone trends have been developed. These analyses have so far shown no significant trend in total oz ...
Record-breaking temperatures reveal a warming climate
... which is accurate for n ≥ 7. For n = 4, 5, 6 the integral can be evaluated numerically. For a typical value of v/σ ≈ 0.01 and a time span of 30 years, (5) implies an increase of the record rate from 1/30 ≈ 0.033 to 0.042, or an increase in the expected number of record events per year from 12 to 15. ...
... which is accurate for n ≥ 7. For n = 4, 5, 6 the integral can be evaluated numerically. For a typical value of v/σ ≈ 0.01 and a time span of 30 years, (5) implies an increase of the record rate from 1/30 ≈ 0.033 to 0.042, or an increase in the expected number of record events per year from 12 to 15. ...
PDF
... outside the scope of the reparative obligation”.4 In other words, since specific impacts of climate change cannot (yet) be attributed to specific emissions of greenhouse gases by polluters, there is no basis for liability claims (yet). Another complexity is the question of which actor should be held ...
... outside the scope of the reparative obligation”.4 In other words, since specific impacts of climate change cannot (yet) be attributed to specific emissions of greenhouse gases by polluters, there is no basis for liability claims (yet). Another complexity is the question of which actor should be held ...
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe
... Revised: 22 November 2013 – Accepted: 27 November 2013 – Published: 9 January 2014 ...
... Revised: 22 November 2013 – Accepted: 27 November 2013 – Published: 9 January 2014 ...
Advent Light/”Light for Lima” - Christian Concern for One World
... There are multiple mitigation pathways that are likely to limit warming to below 2°C relative to preindustrial levels. These pathways would require substantial emissions reductions over the next few decades and near zero emissions of carbon dioxide and other long-lived greenhouse gases by the end of ...
... There are multiple mitigation pathways that are likely to limit warming to below 2°C relative to preindustrial levels. These pathways would require substantial emissions reductions over the next few decades and near zero emissions of carbon dioxide and other long-lived greenhouse gases by the end of ...
Contribution of oceanic and vegetation feedbacks to Holocene
... cooling occurs in the northern part of India (up to −2.8 K) and on the Tibetan Plateau (−1.5 to −2 K). Whereas summer temperature is increased in the regions north of 30◦ N with maximum amplitude of 3 K, the western Pacific as well as the region between 20◦ N and 30◦ N, particularly northern India a ...
... cooling occurs in the northern part of India (up to −2.8 K) and on the Tibetan Plateau (−1.5 to −2 K). Whereas summer temperature is increased in the regions north of 30◦ N with maximum amplitude of 3 K, the western Pacific as well as the region between 20◦ N and 30◦ N, particularly northern India a ...
Towards Climate Change Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
... equally important factors were the long-term rules of lowest construction levels in effect in Helsinki and the preparedness and co-operation of various actors to lessen the damage during the storm. Both factors are based on knowledge of the vulnerable points of the area. Early adaptation to future e ...
... equally important factors were the long-term rules of lowest construction levels in effect in Helsinki and the preparedness and co-operation of various actors to lessen the damage during the storm. Both factors are based on knowledge of the vulnerable points of the area. Early adaptation to future e ...
Marine Science
... and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemi ...
... and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemi ...