Ancient Risks, Current Challenges in the Himalayas
... DRM is currently perceived as a necessary constraint, rather than a driver of development. As long as this is so, society will only be “catching-up” to the increasing risks posed by development and climate change. Due to the inherent regional challenges, economic development plans must be based on a ...
... DRM is currently perceived as a necessary constraint, rather than a driver of development. As long as this is so, society will only be “catching-up” to the increasing risks posed by development and climate change. Due to the inherent regional challenges, economic development plans must be based on a ...
High-income does not protect against hurricane losses
... Future loss estimates are averages over the projections by all six GCMs and eight damage functions, but separately for both basic model types. The averaging procedure for per hurricane damages is the following: for each GCM and each damage function losses are simulated and intensity-normalized accor ...
... Future loss estimates are averages over the projections by all six GCMs and eight damage functions, but separately for both basic model types. The averaging procedure for per hurricane damages is the following: for each GCM and each damage function losses are simulated and intensity-normalized accor ...
The use of agrobiodiversity in adapting to climate change
... effects of climate change, as well as their complexity and as such, urgent global corrective strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there ...
... effects of climate change, as well as their complexity and as such, urgent global corrective strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there ...
Carbon prices for the next thousand years
... the current policy maker would like to see.5 As is well-known in cost-benefit analysis, a distorted capital return is not the social rate of return for public investments.6 Our carbon price formula gives the optimal current policy, given the return distortions in the economy. Note that such distort ...
... the current policy maker would like to see.5 As is well-known in cost-benefit analysis, a distorted capital return is not the social rate of return for public investments.6 Our carbon price formula gives the optimal current policy, given the return distortions in the economy. Note that such distort ...
Observed and simulated full-depth ocean heat
... Abstract. Greenhouse-gas emissions have created a planetary energy imbalance that is primarily manifested by increasing ocean heat content (OHC). Updated observational estimates of full-depth OHC change since 1970 are presented that account for recent advancements in reducing observation errors and ...
... Abstract. Greenhouse-gas emissions have created a planetary energy imbalance that is primarily manifested by increasing ocean heat content (OHC). Updated observational estimates of full-depth OHC change since 1970 are presented that account for recent advancements in reducing observation errors and ...
Center for Policy Research
... Partici ants were recruited via SCIENCEnet, a computer-based network operated by O M N E T t c h i c h has over 4000 subscribers, primarily ocean or atmospheric scientists, in 45 countries. In early November 1991, messages describing the survey and the questionnaire itself were posted on an electron ...
... Partici ants were recruited via SCIENCEnet, a computer-based network operated by O M N E T t c h i c h has over 4000 subscribers, primarily ocean or atmospheric scientists, in 45 countries. In early November 1991, messages describing the survey and the questionnaire itself were posted on an electron ...
Data Assimilation Research Testbed Tutorial
... The resulting high-fidelity ocean states are needed. The ensembles provide uncertainty quantification. • Climate change over time scales of 1 to several decades has been identified as very important for mitigation and infrastructure planning. • High fidelity ocean states will be needed by the IPCC d ...
... The resulting high-fidelity ocean states are needed. The ensembles provide uncertainty quantification. • Climate change over time scales of 1 to several decades has been identified as very important for mitigation and infrastructure planning. • High fidelity ocean states will be needed by the IPCC d ...
A comment on “Economy-wide estimates of the
... of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped” relationship between temperature and mortality. The point ...
... of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped” relationship between temperature and mortality. The point ...
JET STREAMS + CLIMATE CHANGE
... Increased alGtude of the tropopause (boundary between troposphere and stratosphere, about 6 to 11 miles from Earth’s surface): -‐ Increased greenhouse gases cause the troposphere (lowest layer of the atmosphere) to ...
... Increased alGtude of the tropopause (boundary between troposphere and stratosphere, about 6 to 11 miles from Earth’s surface): -‐ Increased greenhouse gases cause the troposphere (lowest layer of the atmosphere) to ...
twelve things we´ve learned on the road to paris
... Will negative emissions technology get us to two degrees? PAGE 31 ...
... Will negative emissions technology get us to two degrees? PAGE 31 ...
Thermal physiology and species distribution models
... remained indoors for the remainder of the experiment and were euthanized at the conclusion of performance assays. Submersible aquarium heaters (100–200 W) and a recirculating chilled water bath were used to generate temperature treatments ranging from 5 °C up to the maximum possible temperature prio ...
... remained indoors for the remainder of the experiment and were euthanized at the conclusion of performance assays. Submersible aquarium heaters (100–200 W) and a recirculating chilled water bath were used to generate temperature treatments ranging from 5 °C up to the maximum possible temperature prio ...
Climatic Threat Spaces as a Tool to Assess Current and Future
... within the coping range should be discarded in the future threat analysis. The changes obtained from the climate change scenarios only relate to changes in the means of the variables, and consideration should be given to the distribution (variability) of the mean. A simple approach to visualize the ...
... within the coping range should be discarded in the future threat analysis. The changes obtained from the climate change scenarios only relate to changes in the means of the variables, and consideration should be given to the distribution (variability) of the mean. A simple approach to visualize the ...
Towards stability metrics for cloud cover variation under climate
... whereas SST+2K does not • MBL depth changing for a given EIS consistent with cloud changes even at constant EIS • Hypothesize that a single metric may be insufficient to capture the low cloud changes from radiative forcing by CO2 and from increased SST. ...
... whereas SST+2K does not • MBL depth changing for a given EIS consistent with cloud changes even at constant EIS • Hypothesize that a single metric may be insufficient to capture the low cloud changes from radiative forcing by CO2 and from increased SST. ...
Public Enemy No. 1? Understanding Media Representations of
... Numerous events in recent years have recalibrated “contrarian” considerations in the public arena. For example, in October 2009, possibilities for “global cooling” (echoing claims made in the 1970s) permeated mass media accounts. The news hook was that the U.K. Met Office’s Hadley Centre reported th ...
... Numerous events in recent years have recalibrated “contrarian” considerations in the public arena. For example, in October 2009, possibilities for “global cooling” (echoing claims made in the 1970s) permeated mass media accounts. The news hook was that the U.K. Met Office’s Hadley Centre reported th ...
Chapter 6 | Synthesis 6. Synthesis 6.1 Introduction
... cooler and fresher surface waters, which facilitates the formation of sea-ice. In turn, sea-ice plays an important role in deep water formation. ...
... cooler and fresher surface waters, which facilitates the formation of sea-ice. In turn, sea-ice plays an important role in deep water formation. ...
Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic
... relationships, largely because interaction type and magnitude were both highly context dependent across the pairings. Most notably, males and females frequently responded differently to interacting climate change variables, and the response strength frequently varied with the underlying nutrient loa ...
... relationships, largely because interaction type and magnitude were both highly context dependent across the pairings. Most notably, males and females frequently responded differently to interacting climate change variables, and the response strength frequently varied with the underlying nutrient loa ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Alberta
... compared to previous millennia, which exacerbates the uncertainties regarding what may happen in the near and distant future. Current global change is multidimensional by nature (Rockström et al. 2009). The inexorable rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and attendant clima ...
... compared to previous millennia, which exacerbates the uncertainties regarding what may happen in the near and distant future. Current global change is multidimensional by nature (Rockström et al. 2009). The inexorable rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and attendant clima ...
ENDI Warming File - 4 wk
... part of the trend, he added. It's what happens within the past 10 years or so, not the overall average, that counts, contends Don Easterbrook, a Western Washington University geology professor and global warming skeptic. "I don't argue with you that the 10-year average for the past 10 years is highe ...
... part of the trend, he added. It's what happens within the past 10 years or so, not the overall average, that counts, contends Don Easterbrook, a Western Washington University geology professor and global warming skeptic. "I don't argue with you that the 10-year average for the past 10 years is highe ...
Climate Change Effects on Marine and Coastal Habitats in
... Ocean water temperatures are expected to rise as global air temperatures rise,15 since the world’s oceans are the main storage reservoir for excess heat energy initially retained within Earth’s atmosphere.16 Since 1961, the oceans have been absorbing more than 80% of the heat added to the climate sy ...
... Ocean water temperatures are expected to rise as global air temperatures rise,15 since the world’s oceans are the main storage reservoir for excess heat energy initially retained within Earth’s atmosphere.16 Since 1961, the oceans have been absorbing more than 80% of the heat added to the climate sy ...
PDF
... increase adoption of agricultural technology in attempts to improve yields. Government expenditures on these programs are non-trivial. In Zambia, input subsidies account for an average of almost 40 percent of the agricultural sector budget, although improvements in agricultural productivity are limi ...
... increase adoption of agricultural technology in attempts to improve yields. Government expenditures on these programs are non-trivial. In Zambia, input subsidies account for an average of almost 40 percent of the agricultural sector budget, although improvements in agricultural productivity are limi ...
Chinese Food Security and Climate Change: Agriculture Futures
... Climate change is now affecting agriculture and food production in every country of the world. Here the authors present the IMPACT model results on yield, production, and net trade of major crops (wheat, rice, and maize) in China, and on daily calorie availability as an overall indicator of food sec ...
... Climate change is now affecting agriculture and food production in every country of the world. Here the authors present the IMPACT model results on yield, production, and net trade of major crops (wheat, rice, and maize) in China, and on daily calorie availability as an overall indicator of food sec ...