... even at high injection rates. Although channel utilization can
be improved through the use of non-minimal paths, this approach requires a more complex routing and buffer reservation scheme, and increases network power consumption [10].
...
... constant changes in network topology. Unlike wired networks, energy constraints arise in mobile nodes, which is a major
issue caused by the unavailability of a permanent energy source. The continuous usage of batteries due to the portable
nature of mobile nodes leads to unreliable communications. Du ...
... “On-line interactive communities... will be communities not of
common location, but of common interest.... the total number
of users...will be large enough to support extensive general
purpose [computers]. All of these will be interconnected by
telecommunications channels... [to] constitute a labil ...
... shown in the following, that are thus technically sound, albeit possibly conservative as they neglect temporal request
correlation.
Specifically, we consider a 10x10 grid (100 nodes) and a
6-level binary tree (26 − 1=63 nodes). Since networks are
engineered adhering to fault tolerance and resilience ...
... Botnets have become by far the spearhead of malware activity on the Internet today. They constitute networks of infected nodes that communicate with
an attacker through a common Command and Control (C&C) infrastructure.
Botnet topologies have been constantly evolving in the recent years, yet current ...
... • Ethernet security vulnerability
– Sniffers can order a NIC to run in promiscuous
mode
• NIC processes all frames, not only those intended for its
MAC address
...
... Structured peer-to-peer overlay networks provide a substrate for the construction of large-scale, decentralized
applications, including distributed storage, group communication, and content distribution. These overlays are
highly resilient; they can route messages correctly even
when a large fractio ...
... To overcome this single point of failure, a host can connect
to a server through a set of mix relays [3]. The anonymous remailer system [10], Onion Routing [26], and Zero-Knowledge’s
Freedom [13] offer such a model, providing anonymity through a
small, fixed core set of relays. However, if a corrupt ...
... This paper uses the following terminology. A node is an Internet
host’s virtual identity in the system, created by running an instantiation of the Tarzan software on a single IP address. A tunnel is
a virtual circuit for communication spread across an ordered sequence of nodes. A relay is a node act ...
... the more traditional cellular radio systems is the ability to operate without a xed, wired
communications infrastructure, and to be rapidly deployed to support emergency requirements,
short term needs and coverage in undeveloped areas.
The applications of this wireless infrastructure range from civ ...
... • If all four fibers are cut between nodes 2 and 3,
then the traffic will be diverted to the working
fibers in the opposite direction.
• In this case, the lightpath from A to B will be
routed back to node 1, and then to node 3 through
...
... Motivation
• Overlays provide a feasibility for users to
control their own routing.
• Routing, possible multi-path, becomes an
optimization problem.
• Interaction occurs (due to same underlay)
• Interaction between one overlay and underlay
Adaptive routing controls
Simultaneous feedback
traffic
...
... Link-State Routing Protocols
Link-state routing protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)4 and Intermediate
System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)5, utilize a replicated distributed database model
and are considered to be more-complex routing protocols. Link-state protocols work on the
basis ...
... flict for closely connected states. Following our main results, we perform a mediation analysis to weigh these two possibilities.
Our application has an important difference from previous studies
on the role of network connection: International conflict requires the
states involved to be able to eng ...
... No “logically” deterministic structures to organize the
participating peers
No guarantee objects be found
How to find objects within some no. of hops?
Extend hashing
Structured P2P architecture
CAN, Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, Tornado, …
Viewed as a distributed hash table for directory
Shivku ...
... dedicated networking equipment such as routers and/or switches. Routing overheads refer to the
amount of networking resources that are required to upkeep the routing of data throughout a
network. Routing overheads are one of the most prevalent concerns when it comes to MANETs, as
limited resources, ...
... consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices.
The Internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the term Internet
means a ‘network of networks. The Internet provides the services that
enable us to connect and communicate with our families, friends, work,
and int ...
... with many clients has been proven in hundreds of customer applications all over
the world and in special interoperability workshops of the OPC Foundation
Next to the use with standard client software for visualization simple client
solutions can easily be realized. Examples for use with Office progr ...
... of new algorithms. In addition, most tools support an extensive set of input and output formats.
Core vs. Plugins: As will be shown, the “core architecture” and the “plugin filling” can be
implemented as sets of plugin bundles. Answers to questions such as: “Should the graphical user
interface (GUI) ...
... proliferation of data and storage networks. Standardisation of Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), as well as the high-speed optical interfaces
on other devices, such as Internet Protocol (IP) routers and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
switches, also prompt ...
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or work loads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts. Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client-server model in which the consumption and supply of resources is divided. Emerging collaborative P2P systems are going beyond the era of peers doing similar things while sharing resources, and are looking for diverse peers that can bring in unique resources and capabilities to a virtual community thereby empowering it to engage in greater tasks beyond those that can be accomplished by individual peers, yet that are beneficial to all the peers.While P2P systems had previously been used in many application domains, the architecture was popularized by the file sharing system Napster, originally released in 1999. The concept has inspired new structures and philosophies in many areas of human interaction. In such social contexts, peer-to-peer as a meme refers to the egalitarian social networking that has emerged throughout society, enabled by Internet technologies in general.