M - climateknowledge.org
... observed to be, on average, about 15 C (~59 F). This greenhouse effect in not controversial. ...
... observed to be, on average, about 15 C (~59 F). This greenhouse effect in not controversial. ...
Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Climate Change
... Loss of existing habitat that could occur under doubling of CO2 concentration. Shades of red indicate percentage of vegetation models that predicted a change in biome type. ...
... Loss of existing habitat that could occur under doubling of CO2 concentration. Shades of red indicate percentage of vegetation models that predicted a change in biome type. ...
Climate and carbon cycle models in Integrated Assessment Models
... climate, the land surface and terrestrial biosphere and the chemical state of the ocean towards conditions that have probably not occurred over the past 20 million years (1) and at a speed that is unprecedented at least during the last 20,000 years (2). Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) conce ...
... climate, the land surface and terrestrial biosphere and the chemical state of the ocean towards conditions that have probably not occurred over the past 20 million years (1) and at a speed that is unprecedented at least during the last 20,000 years (2). Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) conce ...
The Paris Agreement footprint on the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C
... Countries nominate experts, among which Lead Authors, Contributors and Reviewers are selected. Participation is for free and involve a large amount of volunteer time. Previous Special Reports included: Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) (2000); Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (2005); ...
... Countries nominate experts, among which Lead Authors, Contributors and Reviewers are selected. Participation is for free and involve a large amount of volunteer time. Previous Special Reports included: Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) (2000); Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (2005); ...
Title
... - The world has less than a decade to avoid dangerous climate change that could bring unprecedented human development reversals. - Climate change is a threat to humanity as a whole. But it is the poor, a constituency with no responsibility for the ecological debt we are running up, who face the most ...
... - The world has less than a decade to avoid dangerous climate change that could bring unprecedented human development reversals. - Climate change is a threat to humanity as a whole. But it is the poor, a constituency with no responsibility for the ecological debt we are running up, who face the most ...
Intro
... - common in larger systems • different areas in the systems respond differently depending on a variety of factors • some may respond in exactly the opposite way to the same event ...
... - common in larger systems • different areas in the systems respond differently depending on a variety of factors • some may respond in exactly the opposite way to the same event ...
Download: SOAER97_11 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment
... Global climate change will affect the Arctic, but the opposite is also true – the Arctic environment can have profound effects on global climate. The figure summarizes the mechanisms by which the polar region could enhance or dampen the warming caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Warming cou ...
... Global climate change will affect the Arctic, but the opposite is also true – the Arctic environment can have profound effects on global climate. The figure summarizes the mechanisms by which the polar region could enhance or dampen the warming caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Warming cou ...
Building the Resilience of Landlocked Developing Countries to the
... tropical forests. Increasing temperatures are threatening some crop varieties, such as coffee and tea, and thereby increasing the vulnerability of landlocked developing countries, whose economies rely heavily on one or two agricultural products. Climate change is also affecting freshwater fisheries ...
... tropical forests. Increasing temperatures are threatening some crop varieties, such as coffee and tea, and thereby increasing the vulnerability of landlocked developing countries, whose economies rely heavily on one or two agricultural products. Climate change is also affecting freshwater fisheries ...
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... • Hurricane Sandy’s cost to marine insurers are esBmated at USD 2.5-‐3.5 Billion (Lloyds’ List No. 61,014). • In addiBon to such “one-‐shot” disasters, climate change and rising sea could bring more seri ...
... • Hurricane Sandy’s cost to marine insurers are esBmated at USD 2.5-‐3.5 Billion (Lloyds’ List No. 61,014). • In addiBon to such “one-‐shot” disasters, climate change and rising sea could bring more seri ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Community Earth System Model
... Global coupled climate model analyses for the IPCC AR4 Modeling groups around the world have agreed to perform an unprecedented set of coordinated 20th and 21st Century climate change experiments, in addition to commitment experiments extending to the 22nd Century, for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Re ...
... Global coupled climate model analyses for the IPCC AR4 Modeling groups around the world have agreed to perform an unprecedented set of coordinated 20th and 21st Century climate change experiments, in addition to commitment experiments extending to the 22nd Century, for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Re ...
Communication, Education, Participation: Successful Ways to
... intangible ways. In the United States, lawsuits filed by citizens have been helping to raise awareness of the impacts of climate change and help people understand that there are real impacts now and ...
... intangible ways. In the United States, lawsuits filed by citizens have been helping to raise awareness of the impacts of climate change and help people understand that there are real impacts now and ...
The coastline in the context of climate change
... significant change. For low-lying coastal areas, a rise of this magnitude results in flooding of several metres. As things stand, in 2015, this phenomenon can no longer be overlooked when it comes to coastal management strategies. This is particularly important given that sea levels will continue to ...
... significant change. For low-lying coastal areas, a rise of this magnitude results in flooding of several metres. As things stand, in 2015, this phenomenon can no longer be overlooked when it comes to coastal management strategies. This is particularly important given that sea levels will continue to ...
Legal Framework on Adaptation
... metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. African country – by the planting of trees or shrubs, $4 hot air situ ...
... metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. African country – by the planting of trees or shrubs, $4 hot air situ ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RISK MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Howard Kunreuther Geoffrey Heal
... recent years, but several interacting sources of uncertainty mean that future climate change and its impacts will not be known with precision for the foreseeable future. Some uncertainties involve the path of global socioeconomic development, the way it affects the commitment by countries to use ene ...
... recent years, but several interacting sources of uncertainty mean that future climate change and its impacts will not be known with precision for the foreseeable future. Some uncertainties involve the path of global socioeconomic development, the way it affects the commitment by countries to use ene ...
The "debate" about climate change
... change, then–EPA administrator Christine a fair summary of professional scientific Whitman argued, “As [the report] went thinking, and answers yes: “The IPCC’s through review, there conclusion that most of the was less consensus on Without substantial disagreement, observed warming of the the scienc ...
... change, then–EPA administrator Christine a fair summary of professional scientific Whitman argued, “As [the report] went thinking, and answers yes: “The IPCC’s through review, there conclusion that most of the was less consensus on Without substantial disagreement, observed warming of the the scienc ...
Climate change
... • Forest fires decrease even further the resilence of tropical forests in the Amazon • The role of CO2 “fertilization” is unkown and could increase resilience ...
... • Forest fires decrease even further the resilence of tropical forests in the Amazon • The role of CO2 “fertilization” is unkown and could increase resilience ...
251-252 Editorials MH AB.indd
... EURExpress, both of which were launched with funds from the European Commission that have run out in recent months. The databases are currently being maintained on a hand-to-mouth basis, and the scientists who built them don’t know where to turn for maintenance money. Yet the European Commission’s i ...
... EURExpress, both of which were launched with funds from the European Commission that have run out in recent months. The databases are currently being maintained on a hand-to-mouth basis, and the scientists who built them don’t know where to turn for maintenance money. Yet the European Commission’s i ...
Statement of witness James E. Hansen
... converting it to helium via nuclear fusion in the solar core. The sun’s brightness is increasing at a rate such that solar luminosity today is ~0.4% greater than in the early Cenozoic. Because Earth absorbs ~240 W/m2 of solar energy, climate forcing due to increased solar irradiance today is about + ...
... converting it to helium via nuclear fusion in the solar core. The sun’s brightness is increasing at a rate such that solar luminosity today is ~0.4% greater than in the early Cenozoic. Because Earth absorbs ~240 W/m2 of solar energy, climate forcing due to increased solar irradiance today is about + ...
Glossary
... A naturally occurring gas fixed by photosynthesis into organic matter. A by-product of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, it is also emitted from land-use changes and other industrial processes. It is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the Earth’s radiative balance. It ...
... A naturally occurring gas fixed by photosynthesis into organic matter. A by-product of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, it is also emitted from land-use changes and other industrial processes. It is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the Earth’s radiative balance. It ...
El Nino worst in over 15 years
... Chile, home to one of the world's driest deserts, is now blooming with flowers from unusually high rainfall. But in other regions, El Niño means drought, which is already being reported in Indonesia and the Philippines. Earlier this week, the United Nations Children's Fund warned that "11 million ch ...
... Chile, home to one of the world's driest deserts, is now blooming with flowers from unusually high rainfall. But in other regions, El Niño means drought, which is already being reported in Indonesia and the Philippines. Earlier this week, the United Nations Children's Fund warned that "11 million ch ...
Atmósfera ISSN: 0187-6236
... livestock production could be affected by the decrease in forage availability. The second study analyzed the possible impacts of climate change in this sector for the state of Veracruz, based on an “animal comfort” index. Considering that the animal comfort is already low, the projected increases in ...
... livestock production could be affected by the decrease in forage availability. The second study analyzed the possible impacts of climate change in this sector for the state of Veracruz, based on an “animal comfort” index. Considering that the animal comfort is already low, the projected increases in ...
The Cancun Agreements Quick Guide UNFCCC COP 16/CMP 6 April 2011
... identifying and addressing their medium and long-term adaptation needs. A work programme on how best to address loss and damage from climate change impacts in developing countries. During the next two years, countries will consider options on how to manage and reduce the climate change risk to dev ...
... identifying and addressing their medium and long-term adaptation needs. A work programme on how best to address loss and damage from climate change impacts in developing countries. During the next two years, countries will consider options on how to manage and reduce the climate change risk to dev ...
Development of Climate Action Plans and Sustainability
... From the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment Report: “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level” ...
... From the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment Report: “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level” ...
Climate Protection
... the increase in their concentration. And, in fact, it would already be a triumph if we were presently able to reduce the increase of these emissions. The long-term prevention of global warming, however, requires a quite extensive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i. e. lowering human emissions ...
... the increase in their concentration. And, in fact, it would already be a triumph if we were presently able to reduce the increase of these emissions. The long-term prevention of global warming, however, requires a quite extensive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, i. e. lowering human emissions ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.