Mountain Hazards
... enhance the hydrological cycle and it is predicted that they will alter rainfall patterns and intensity. In the mountain regions of South and Southeast Asia, for example, changing monsoon patterns, including increased severity and frequency of storms as projected by climate models, may threaten agri ...
... enhance the hydrological cycle and it is predicted that they will alter rainfall patterns and intensity. In the mountain regions of South and Southeast Asia, for example, changing monsoon patterns, including increased severity and frequency of storms as projected by climate models, may threaten agri ...
REPORT ON NEW ZEALAND`S VIEWS ON THE POSSIBLE
... RECALLING Forum Leaders’ recognition that climate change is a long-term international challenge requiring a resolute and concerted international effort, and stressing the need for urgent action by the world’s major greenhouse gas emitting countries to set targets and make commitments to significantl ...
... RECALLING Forum Leaders’ recognition that climate change is a long-term international challenge requiring a resolute and concerted international effort, and stressing the need for urgent action by the world’s major greenhouse gas emitting countries to set targets and make commitments to significantl ...
03_MATCH_paper2_May17 - Modelling and assessment of
... for both global mean values and OECD Annex I GHG emissions • We examined the consistency between the emissions and observed concentrations • We estimated forcing and forcing uncertainty from all other known climate factors • We examined the implications of this uncertainty for predicted global avera ...
... for both global mean values and OECD Annex I GHG emissions • We examined the consistency between the emissions and observed concentrations • We estimated forcing and forcing uncertainty from all other known climate factors • We examined the implications of this uncertainty for predicted global avera ...
Abrupt Climate Change: Should We Be Worried?
... past, and is capable of doing so in the future. Fossil evidence clearly demonstrates that Earthvs climate can shift gears within a decade, establishing new and different patterns that can persist for decades to centuries. In addition, these climate shifts do not necessarily have universal, global ef ...
... past, and is capable of doing so in the future. Fossil evidence clearly demonstrates that Earthvs climate can shift gears within a decade, establishing new and different patterns that can persist for decades to centuries. In addition, these climate shifts do not necessarily have universal, global ef ...
fapesp ReseaRch pRogRam on global climate change
... All these Earth System components interact dynamically in non-linear complex ways to sustain life. ...
... All these Earth System components interact dynamically in non-linear complex ways to sustain life. ...
Adapting to Climate Change
... • Significant climate change impacts are projected, and impacts over the next few decades are virtually certain. • Washington’s residents, businesses, and local and state governments are on the “front line” for dealing with climate change. • Decisions with long-term impacts are being made every day. ...
... • Significant climate change impacts are projected, and impacts over the next few decades are virtually certain. • Washington’s residents, businesses, and local and state governments are on the “front line” for dealing with climate change. • Decisions with long-term impacts are being made every day. ...
Estimated PDFs of climate system properties including natural and
... intervals are 1.9 to 4.7 K, 0.02 to 2.9 cm2/s, and 0.65 to 0.07 W/m2 for S, Kv, and Faer, respectively. We note that our PDF for S has a similar shape to PDFs in other studies [e.g., Knutti et al., 2003], although our results differ significantly in having a higher lower bound on S. [15] Our new e ...
... intervals are 1.9 to 4.7 K, 0.02 to 2.9 cm2/s, and 0.65 to 0.07 W/m2 for S, Kv, and Faer, respectively. We note that our PDF for S has a similar shape to PDFs in other studies [e.g., Knutti et al., 2003], although our results differ significantly in having a higher lower bound on S. [15] Our new e ...
Global Climate Change Transportations Role in Reducing
... on PB work for NCHRP 20-24(59). Contractor’s work is in progress and is not a NCHRP report nor does it represent the panel’s views. The NCHRP work is intended to inform AASHTO members' policy-development discussions and does not include making recommendations on matters of policy. ...
... on PB work for NCHRP 20-24(59). Contractor’s work is in progress and is not a NCHRP report nor does it represent the panel’s views. The NCHRP work is intended to inform AASHTO members' policy-development discussions and does not include making recommendations on matters of policy. ...
Important Concepts for chemical cycling
... How much CO2 does the earth’s atmosphere accumulate each year? ...
... How much CO2 does the earth’s atmosphere accumulate each year? ...
Rio Conventions Pavilion @ UNFCC COP17 Draft Program
... based adaptation strategies at sub-national levels in Least Developed Countries and Small Island States Theme: Oceans Day (Separate Venue) Raise awareness of the central role of oceans in global climate processes, and the fact that coastal and island communities are at the frontline of climate chang ...
... based adaptation strategies at sub-national levels in Least Developed Countries and Small Island States Theme: Oceans Day (Separate Venue) Raise awareness of the central role of oceans in global climate processes, and the fact that coastal and island communities are at the frontline of climate chang ...
First comprehensive review of the state of Antarctica`s climate
... The ozone hole has delayed the impact of greenhouse gas increases on the climate of the continent. Consequently south polar winds (the polar vortex), have intensified and affected Antarctic weather patterns. Westerly winds over the Southern Ocean that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15 ...
... The ozone hole has delayed the impact of greenhouse gas increases on the climate of the continent. Consequently south polar winds (the polar vortex), have intensified and affected Antarctic weather patterns. Westerly winds over the Southern Ocean that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15 ...
Carbon - Sedu Aikuiskoulutus
... quicker than in over 10,000 years. The planet’s average temperature has risen, with the increase of greenhouse gasses held to be reason. Greenhouse gasses allow the sun’s rays to pass through, but do not allow all the globe’s heat radiation to pass out. The phenomenon can be compared to how glass ac ...
... quicker than in over 10,000 years. The planet’s average temperature has risen, with the increase of greenhouse gasses held to be reason. Greenhouse gasses allow the sun’s rays to pass through, but do not allow all the globe’s heat radiation to pass out. The phenomenon can be compared to how glass ac ...
New project-based instructional modules improve climate change
... relatively low on the CO2 production scale, there could be less driving force to reduce these emissions. These state or regional values are used in most personal carbon calculators. Thus, someone in NYS who uses a lot of electricity might not see the same need to reduce their electricity consumption ...
... relatively low on the CO2 production scale, there could be less driving force to reduce these emissions. These state or regional values are used in most personal carbon calculators. Thus, someone in NYS who uses a lot of electricity might not see the same need to reduce their electricity consumption ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Global Change Curricula and
... Translate and enhance the latest NOAA climate forecast products to maximize economic gains Use high-volume customized delivery and feedback through the county level extension service network ...
... Translate and enhance the latest NOAA climate forecast products to maximize economic gains Use high-volume customized delivery and feedback through the county level extension service network ...
GoldenKKiwanis - Department of Geological & Atmospheric
... Translate and enhance the latest NOAA climate forecast products to maximize economic gains Use high-volume customized delivery and feedback through the county level extension service network ...
... Translate and enhance the latest NOAA climate forecast products to maximize economic gains Use high-volume customized delivery and feedback through the county level extension service network ...
The Kyoto Protocol
... 1992: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/ - places the heaviest burden for fighting climate change on industrialized nations Annex 1: industrialized economies and economies in transition Annex 2: the richest Annex 1 countries (aka the Organization for Economic Cooperation an ...
... 1992: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/ - places the heaviest burden for fighting climate change on industrialized nations Annex 1: industrialized economies and economies in transition Annex 2: the richest Annex 1 countries (aka the Organization for Economic Cooperation an ...
The climate of the United Kingdom and recent trends
... that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century.” ...
... that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century.” ...
Food Security - Department of Environmental Affairs
... climate change on crop productivity (yield) and changes in crop suitability. However, insights into the economic and social impacts of these changes in production and suitability over time are not considered. An integrated approach considering these factors is essential for the evaluation of the foo ...
... climate change on crop productivity (yield) and changes in crop suitability. However, insights into the economic and social impacts of these changes in production and suitability over time are not considered. An integrated approach considering these factors is essential for the evaluation of the foo ...
The main consequence of land degradation is the loss of soil
... Less resilience capacity of natural systems implies higher vulnerability. In general, the most complex systems or those that must complete longer cycles tend to be more vulnerable, as is the case of temperate forest and wetlands. In many cases the reproduction of the plant species and animals depend ...
... Less resilience capacity of natural systems implies higher vulnerability. In general, the most complex systems or those that must complete longer cycles tend to be more vulnerable, as is the case of temperate forest and wetlands. In many cases the reproduction of the plant species and animals depend ...
contribution of greenhouse gas emissions: animal agriculture in
... contributor to the greenhouse effect, water vapor constitutes up to four percent by volume of the atmosphere, and 95 percent by volume of all greenhouse gases. On average, about 60 percent of the greenhouse effect is attributed to water vapor (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997). Many scientists suggest that ...
... contributor to the greenhouse effect, water vapor constitutes up to four percent by volume of the atmosphere, and 95 percent by volume of all greenhouse gases. On average, about 60 percent of the greenhouse effect is attributed to water vapor (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997). Many scientists suggest that ...
From Good to Groaning - Digital Commons @ SPU
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal” “It is extremely likely (more than 95% sure) that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1950 – 2010 was caused by anthropogenic [factors]” ~IUCN 2013 ...
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal” “It is extremely likely (more than 95% sure) that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1950 – 2010 was caused by anthropogenic [factors]” ~IUCN 2013 ...
Haines 1993
... benchmark for chronic water scarcity. By the end of this decade, some 300 million people in Africa---one third of that continent's projected population---will be living in waterscarce countries.[12] Although domestic water use accounts for less than one-tenth of water use, there already exists a lar ...
... benchmark for chronic water scarcity. By the end of this decade, some 300 million people in Africa---one third of that continent's projected population---will be living in waterscarce countries.[12] Although domestic water use accounts for less than one-tenth of water use, there already exists a lar ...
Saint Lucia`s iNDC
... Like all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Saint Lucia faces an uncertain future as a consequence of both the emerging and anticipated impacts of global climate change on all aspects of its development. These include, but are not limited to, threats to coastal infrastructure and economic assets ...
... Like all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Saint Lucia faces an uncertain future as a consequence of both the emerging and anticipated impacts of global climate change on all aspects of its development. These include, but are not limited to, threats to coastal infrastructure and economic assets ...
Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large
... evaluate the synergism between biogeophysical and biogeochemical contributions (XPC = DPC + CNTL -DP -DC). The contribution factors resulting from the factor-separation analysis are listed in Table 1. The biogeophysical contribution to changes in global and regional temperatures are negative, i.e., ...
... evaluate the synergism between biogeophysical and biogeochemical contributions (XPC = DPC + CNTL -DP -DC). The contribution factors resulting from the factor-separation analysis are listed in Table 1. The biogeophysical contribution to changes in global and regional temperatures are negative, i.e., ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.