climate change adaptation, planning, and the law
... break. Not forgetting that everyone who attended the workshop had to navigate through or around the ‘super-hailstorm’ that caused over $1 billon in insurance losses in Brisbane the evening before. ...
... break. Not forgetting that everyone who attended the workshop had to navigate through or around the ‘super-hailstorm’ that caused over $1 billon in insurance losses in Brisbane the evening before. ...
End of Program Report - Pacific Climate Change Science
... year-to-year variability. The global average rate of rise over the same period is 3.2 mm/year. Rainfall data since 1960 show large interannual variability due to such factors as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and large decadal variability due to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. There has bee ...
... year-to-year variability. The global average rate of rise over the same period is 3.2 mm/year. Rainfall data since 1960 show large interannual variability due to such factors as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and large decadal variability due to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. There has bee ...
Adaptation of Fisheries and Fishing Communities to the Impacts of
... in changes in sea surface currents at various scales, and in sea surface conditions. Increased rainfall variability in the Caribbean may be associated with and increase in frequency of ENSO events in the Pacific. Information on possible changes in hurricane frequency is inconclusive, although fo ...
... in changes in sea surface currents at various scales, and in sea surface conditions. Increased rainfall variability in the Caribbean may be associated with and increase in frequency of ENSO events in the Pacific. Information on possible changes in hurricane frequency is inconclusive, although fo ...
Lessons from the field: experiences of FAO climate change projects
... impacts and choose appropriate tools for adaptation and mitigation. The provision of household level data, biological field data collection, geospatial information from remote sensing and maps, and robust projections of climate change impacts is crucial to guide policies and planning for policy-make ...
... impacts and choose appropriate tools for adaptation and mitigation. The provision of household level data, biological field data collection, geospatial information from remote sensing and maps, and robust projections of climate change impacts is crucial to guide policies and planning for policy-make ...
Review of the White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to
... always had to deal with climate variability, including extreme weather and climate events, but the assumption that past climatic and socio-economic conditions are indicative of current and future conditions is now not necessarily valid. The combined effects of impacts of climate change on climate va ...
... always had to deal with climate variability, including extreme weather and climate events, but the assumption that past climatic and socio-economic conditions are indicative of current and future conditions is now not necessarily valid. The combined effects of impacts of climate change on climate va ...
On the climate response of the low
... technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate the mechanisms which maintain the mean salinity struct ...
... technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate the mechanisms which maintain the mean salinity struct ...
PDF
... Saurashtra is a region of western India, located in the Arabian sea coast of Gujarat state. The rainfall in the southern highlands of Saurashtra and the Gulf of Cambay is approximately 63 cms while the other parts of Saurashtra have a rainfall of less than 63cms. The region is cursed due to constant ...
... Saurashtra is a region of western India, located in the Arabian sea coast of Gujarat state. The rainfall in the southern highlands of Saurashtra and the Gulf of Cambay is approximately 63 cms while the other parts of Saurashtra have a rainfall of less than 63cms. The region is cursed due to constant ...
Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming
... example Tb shift from A to B), then warming should enhance fitness; but if warming raises Tb above To (e.g. if Tb shifts from B to C ), fitness will be reduced (see text). (c,d) Step increases in Tb distributions from warming can have much bigger effects on (c) thermal specialists than on (d ) therm ...
... example Tb shift from A to B), then warming should enhance fitness; but if warming raises Tb above To (e.g. if Tb shifts from B to C ), fitness will be reduced (see text). (c,d) Step increases in Tb distributions from warming can have much bigger effects on (c) thermal specialists than on (d ) therm ...
Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of
... example Tb shift from A to B), then warming should enhance fitness; but if warming raises Tb above To (e.g. if Tb shifts from B to C ), fitness will be reduced (see text). (c,d) Step increases in Tb distributions from warming can have much bigger effects on (c) thermal specialists than on (d ) therm ...
... example Tb shift from A to B), then warming should enhance fitness; but if warming raises Tb above To (e.g. if Tb shifts from B to C ), fitness will be reduced (see text). (c,d) Step increases in Tb distributions from warming can have much bigger effects on (c) thermal specialists than on (d ) therm ...
Document Title - Sanjeev Sabhlok
... accurate but equally LONG TERM graph. Also, there is another variable I'd like to see: the magnitude of solar radiation. So if you can get me a graph that goes across 600 MILLION years, and plots these three variables, let me have it. And if you can add any other thing that might affect the onset of ...
... accurate but equally LONG TERM graph. Also, there is another variable I'd like to see: the magnitude of solar radiation. So if you can get me a graph that goes across 600 MILLION years, and plots these three variables, let me have it. And if you can add any other thing that might affect the onset of ...
Polish National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... The effects of climate change, especially the rise of temperature, frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research ...
... The effects of climate change, especially the rise of temperature, frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research ...
Vivid Economics
... account for the full range of possible climate outcomes and not just one particular scenario. Second, there are problems with the timeframe. Most “science-first” studies focus on the period 2050-2100 for which climate models give the clearest results. However, the timeframe for adaptation decisions ...
... account for the full range of possible climate outcomes and not just one particular scenario. Second, there are problems with the timeframe. Most “science-first” studies focus on the period 2050-2100 for which climate models give the clearest results. However, the timeframe for adaptation decisions ...
On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate
... 1. abrupt4xCO2, a fully-coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation in which the CO2 concentration is abruptly quadrupled and then held fixed 2. sstClim, a 30-year atmosphere-only experiment forced by a prescribed climatology of sea surface temperatures ...
... 1. abrupt4xCO2, a fully-coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation in which the CO2 concentration is abruptly quadrupled and then held fixed 2. sstClim, a 30-year atmosphere-only experiment forced by a prescribed climatology of sea surface temperatures ...
Thomas Sheffer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
... Climate change poses some of the most difficult challenges the planning profession has ever faced – challenges planners are well positioned, but often not well equipped to meet. The ability of urban and regional planners to respond to the impacts of climate change requires a comprehensive perspectiv ...
... Climate change poses some of the most difficult challenges the planning profession has ever faced – challenges planners are well positioned, but often not well equipped to meet. The ability of urban and regional planners to respond to the impacts of climate change requires a comprehensive perspectiv ...
Assessing Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation:
... due to its potential adverse effects on human and natural systems. At the global scale, the average temperature of the earth surface is reported to have increased by 0.8°C over the period 1880-2012 with the great deal of the warming occurring since the 1970s (IPCC 2014). The most recent decade was r ...
... due to its potential adverse effects on human and natural systems. At the global scale, the average temperature of the earth surface is reported to have increased by 0.8°C over the period 1880-2012 with the great deal of the warming occurring since the 1970s (IPCC 2014). The most recent decade was r ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 3 Do Not Cite
... freshwater resources and their management, mainly based on research published since AR4. The drivers of hydrological change are summarized in Section 3.3. Impacts, vulnerabilities, and risks for human and environmental systems are assessed in Section 3.5; adaptation issues, including uncertainties a ...
... freshwater resources and their management, mainly based on research published since AR4. The drivers of hydrological change are summarized in Section 3.3. Impacts, vulnerabilities, and risks for human and environmental systems are assessed in Section 3.5; adaptation issues, including uncertainties a ...
Climate Change Effects: Issues for International and US
... Climate change impacts are expected to intensify crisis situations and exacerbate existing conflicts, but are not expected to be a direct cause of conflict. State collapse and destabilizing internal conflicts are more likely outcomes of climate change than interstate war. Even so, climate change wil ...
... Climate change impacts are expected to intensify crisis situations and exacerbate existing conflicts, but are not expected to be a direct cause of conflict. State collapse and destabilizing internal conflicts are more likely outcomes of climate change than interstate war. Even so, climate change wil ...
The non-synchronous response of Rabots Glacia¨r and Storglacia
... accounting for uncertainties, the response time for Rabots Glaciär is consistently about 1.5 times longer than that for Storglaciären. This implies that their non-synchronous behavior is likely due to differences in response times. The latter ultimately result from markedly different longitudinal ...
... accounting for uncertainties, the response time for Rabots Glaciär is consistently about 1.5 times longer than that for Storglaciären. This implies that their non-synchronous behavior is likely due to differences in response times. The latter ultimately result from markedly different longitudinal ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... have focused on the effects of increasing average temperatures with little attention to possible effects of changes in temperature variability. There is already evidence of important changes in temperature variability at the regional scale and climate models predict even larger changes for the next ...
... have focused on the effects of increasing average temperatures with little attention to possible effects of changes in temperature variability. There is already evidence of important changes in temperature variability at the regional scale and climate models predict even larger changes for the next ...
Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate
... example, is sensitive to CO2 enrichment, warming and changes in soil moisture, although differing effects of these on microbial activity make it difficult to predict overall impacts (Perry and others 2012). Rates of release of many solutes (for example, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, iron, and so on) fro ...
... example, is sensitive to CO2 enrichment, warming and changes in soil moisture, although differing effects of these on microbial activity make it difficult to predict overall impacts (Perry and others 2012). Rates of release of many solutes (for example, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, iron, and so on) fro ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... are very small. The increase in the number of extremely hot days is most pronounced in the centre of the country, whereas the decrease in the number of extremely cold days is greatest in the Ardennes. The increase in heat stress will be greater in urban areas than in rural areas; not only because ci ...
... are very small. The increase in the number of extremely hot days is most pronounced in the centre of the country, whereas the decrease in the number of extremely cold days is greatest in the Ardennes. The increase in heat stress will be greater in urban areas than in rural areas; not only because ci ...
Noosa Climate Action Plan
... avenues of inquiry that provide the evidence that shows our climate is warming. Adapting to these changes is a necessary path for the community to follow, in conjunction with reducing the per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as part of our global responsibility. Even beyond the stabilisation of ...
... avenues of inquiry that provide the evidence that shows our climate is warming. Adapting to these changes is a necessary path for the community to follow, in conjunction with reducing the per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as part of our global responsibility. Even beyond the stabilisation of ...
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... necessary to plan for adaptation to damages arising from climatic change. The effects of climate change on extreme events vary across locations, signifying the role of local government decision-making. At present, local government decision makers‘ are in a state of inertia due to the complexity and ...
... necessary to plan for adaptation to damages arising from climatic change. The effects of climate change on extreme events vary across locations, signifying the role of local government decision-making. At present, local government decision makers‘ are in a state of inertia due to the complexity and ...
Pension Fund Trustees and climate change: one Year on Discussion PaPer
... The latest evidence from the global scientific community indicates that previous estimates of the speed and potential impact of climate change have been conservative. An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new re ...
... The latest evidence from the global scientific community indicates that previous estimates of the speed and potential impact of climate change have been conservative. An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new re ...
Full-Text PDF
... in water availability through the melting of snow and glaciers. In arid and semi-arid regions, water availability from precipitation has been reported as the key factor in promoting vegetation growth as a result of reduced water stress [3–5], but a considerable amount of variability in vegetation gr ...
... in water availability through the melting of snow and glaciers. In arid and semi-arid regions, water availability from precipitation has been reported as the key factor in promoting vegetation growth as a result of reduced water stress [3–5], but a considerable amount of variability in vegetation gr ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.