Climate and carbon cycle models in Integrated Assessment Models
... reference year 1990. Land use change is responsible for estimated net emissions of 1.5 GtC per year to the atmosphere, mainly from tropical deforestation. In total about 500 GtC has been released to the atmosphere over the period 1850 to 2007, with contributions of 350 GtC from fossil fuel use and 1 ...
... reference year 1990. Land use change is responsible for estimated net emissions of 1.5 GtC per year to the atmosphere, mainly from tropical deforestation. In total about 500 GtC has been released to the atmosphere over the period 1850 to 2007, with contributions of 350 GtC from fossil fuel use and 1 ...
individual perceptions of climate risks
... were a wake-up call for governments, communities and businesses, alerting them of the need to better understand and prepare for climate risks. These events triggered AXA to intensify its research and modeling work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the re ...
... were a wake-up call for governments, communities and businesses, alerting them of the need to better understand and prepare for climate risks. These events triggered AXA to intensify its research and modeling work on extreme weather events, a difficult task due to a lack of available data and the re ...
AEC Report - Climate Change Roadmap
... surfaces (concrete, bitumen) absorb heat during the day and release it at night increasing temperatures in built up areas. The increased temperature can impact on energy use due to increased use of air conditioners and can also magnify health issues during heatwaves. ...
... surfaces (concrete, bitumen) absorb heat during the day and release it at night increasing temperatures in built up areas. The increased temperature can impact on energy use due to increased use of air conditioners and can also magnify health issues during heatwaves. ...
trinidad and tobago
... Trinidad and Tobago's intended nationally determined contribution (iNDC) is based on its Carbon Reduction Strategy developed for its power generation, transportation and industrial sectors, these being the major emitting sectors of the economy, and consistent with implementing the provisions of the ...
... Trinidad and Tobago's intended nationally determined contribution (iNDC) is based on its Carbon Reduction Strategy developed for its power generation, transportation and industrial sectors, these being the major emitting sectors of the economy, and consistent with implementing the provisions of the ...
Tall tales and fat tails: the science and economics of extreme warming
... conditioned on a different set of assumptions (only some of which are usually made explicit) and founded on different underlying observational and/or model data. It is important to note, however, that S is being used as a proxy for λ which represents the feedbacks relevant at some point in time and ...
... conditioned on a different set of assumptions (only some of which are usually made explicit) and founded on different underlying observational and/or model data. It is important to note, however, that S is being used as a proxy for λ which represents the feedbacks relevant at some point in time and ...
full version of paper
... analysis warrant mention because previous assessments of these data sets have considered their indications of annual changes to their temperature anomalies. Hence, it could be argued that only changes to individual annual temperature values are comparable and/or the selected time period is not appro ...
... analysis warrant mention because previous assessments of these data sets have considered their indications of annual changes to their temperature anomalies. Hence, it could be argued that only changes to individual annual temperature values are comparable and/or the selected time period is not appro ...
Adaptation to changing water resources in the Ganges basin
... in the Himalaya, and retreat rates are variable (Raina, 2009) so that it is difficult to assess the impact of climate change on glaciers. Between 2000 and 2008, more than 65% of monsooninfluenced glaciers that were observed by remote-sensing were retreating (Scherler et al., 2011). However, heavily ...
... in the Himalaya, and retreat rates are variable (Raina, 2009) so that it is difficult to assess the impact of climate change on glaciers. Between 2000 and 2008, more than 65% of monsooninfluenced glaciers that were observed by remote-sensing were retreating (Scherler et al., 2011). However, heavily ...
Response to consultation on Climate Change Bill Scotland
... Climate Change (and probably less ambitious than the Government’s proposed minimum CO2 reduction of 26% by 2020). Although it would be necessary to build a new process for securing this ‘additional’ level of emissions reduction there is no preventative barrier to achieving this. Indeed, there are st ...
... Climate Change (and probably less ambitious than the Government’s proposed minimum CO2 reduction of 26% by 2020). Although it would be necessary to build a new process for securing this ‘additional’ level of emissions reduction there is no preventative barrier to achieving this. Indeed, there are st ...
hamlet_cbt_hydrologic_impacts_jan_2007
... •Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington ...
... •Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington ...
response of climate change on the morphological behavior of
... The Jamuna River travels about 240 km from the international border to meet the Ganges River at Aricha. The average width of this river within Bangladesh is 12 km. The annual average flow as measured at Bahadurabad is 20,000 m3/s with a maximum estimated discharge of 100,000 m3/s. The average flood ...
... The Jamuna River travels about 240 km from the international border to meet the Ganges River at Aricha. The average width of this river within Bangladesh is 12 km. The annual average flow as measured at Bahadurabad is 20,000 m3/s with a maximum estimated discharge of 100,000 m3/s. The average flood ...
a pre-publication version here.
... the planet,” just to spare lay publics rather appropriate anxiety? Existing research suggests otherwise. While neither alarmism nor Pollyannaism seem to yield desired results, wise integration of strategies may well result in greater engagement. First, communication that affirms rather than threate ...
... the planet,” just to spare lay publics rather appropriate anxiety? Existing research suggests otherwise. While neither alarmism nor Pollyannaism seem to yield desired results, wise integration of strategies may well result in greater engagement. First, communication that affirms rather than threate ...
China’s growth, China’s cities, and the new global low-carbon industrial revolution: October 2010 (239 kB) (opens in new window)
... But this is a story of opportunity as well as the management of risk. The transition to low-carbon growth in the world economy will constitute a new industrial revolution: by 2050 most of the major sectors of the economy must be close to zero carbon if we are to have a reasonable chance of holding t ...
... But this is a story of opportunity as well as the management of risk. The transition to low-carbon growth in the world economy will constitute a new industrial revolution: by 2050 most of the major sectors of the economy must be close to zero carbon if we are to have a reasonable chance of holding t ...
A Call to Truth, Prudence, and Protection of the
... ECI’s First Assumption: CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are the main cause of warming. The ECI’s first assumption appears under “Claim 1: Human-Induced Climate Change is Real.” While almost certainly true (since humans have long affected climates in which they live), the claim is too vague to have p ...
... ECI’s First Assumption: CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are the main cause of warming. The ECI’s first assumption appears under “Claim 1: Human-Induced Climate Change is Real.” While almost certainly true (since humans have long affected climates in which they live), the claim is too vague to have p ...
Mayors Adapt - EN Political Commitment
... and making the local authorities more attractive. Designing the necessary policy instruments and incorporating climate change adaptation solutions into concrete measures, such as those aiming at improving the quality of our living environment or reducing energy consumption, will lead the way towards ...
... and making the local authorities more attractive. Designing the necessary policy instruments and incorporating climate change adaptation solutions into concrete measures, such as those aiming at improving the quality of our living environment or reducing energy consumption, will lead the way towards ...
More Extreme Weather and the US Energy Infrastructure
... intensify. Climate models project that hurricane wind speed will increase by 2 to 13 percent and rainfall totals by 10 to 31 percent over the next century. The approximately 4,000 offshore oil and natural gas rigs, 31,000 miles of pipeline, and more than 25 onshore oil refineries located in the Gulf ...
... intensify. Climate models project that hurricane wind speed will increase by 2 to 13 percent and rainfall totals by 10 to 31 percent over the next century. The approximately 4,000 offshore oil and natural gas rigs, 31,000 miles of pipeline, and more than 25 onshore oil refineries located in the Gulf ...
Abrupt Climate Change: The Next Major Challenge
... To understand the mechanisms, the timing, and probable regions of impact of future abrupt climate change requires detailed examination of the pre-instrumental era record since analogs for abrupt climate change pre-date the short ~100 years of northern hemisphere and shorter southern hemisphere instr ...
... To understand the mechanisms, the timing, and probable regions of impact of future abrupt climate change requires detailed examination of the pre-instrumental era record since analogs for abrupt climate change pre-date the short ~100 years of northern hemisphere and shorter southern hemisphere instr ...
Projected Changes in the Physical Climate of the Gulf Coast and
... and the models used to produce them, are described in greater detail in IPCC AR4 (and the peer-reviewed literature on which that report is based). For the US, we supplement the AR4 simulations with more recent highresolution (about a third of a degree) regional simulations from the North America Reg ...
... and the models used to produce them, are described in greater detail in IPCC AR4 (and the peer-reviewed literature on which that report is based). For the US, we supplement the AR4 simulations with more recent highresolution (about a third of a degree) regional simulations from the North America Reg ...
Climate change and food security in regional Inuit centers
... on policy linkages, and has sought to identify opportunities and priorities for adaptation intervention to enhance food security among high risk populations in the context of rapid current and future change, working closely with decision makers at multiple levels. In the final year of the project (2 ...
... on policy linkages, and has sought to identify opportunities and priorities for adaptation intervention to enhance food security among high risk populations in the context of rapid current and future change, working closely with decision makers at multiple levels. In the final year of the project (2 ...
Stephen Schneider 1945–2010 A Biographical Memoir by B. D. Santer
... thought experiments that could not be conducted in the real world. How might Earth’s climate respond to human-caused changes in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases? Could models provide credible estimates of the climate of the Cretaceous? How does the climate system respond to massive volcanic er ...
... thought experiments that could not be conducted in the real world. How might Earth’s climate respond to human-caused changes in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases? Could models provide credible estimates of the climate of the Cretaceous? How does the climate system respond to massive volcanic er ...
SC/2008/xxx - asian parliamentary assembly
... 3. Recommend APA Member Parliaments to exchange information and technological development for climate change and Planting Billions of Trees throughout Asia; 4. Welcome the results of the World Ocean Conference and Coral Triangle Initiative in Manado, Indonesia and encourage the parliaments and gover ...
... 3. Recommend APA Member Parliaments to exchange information and technological development for climate change and Planting Billions of Trees throughout Asia; 4. Welcome the results of the World Ocean Conference and Coral Triangle Initiative in Manado, Indonesia and encourage the parliaments and gover ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say
... one of these factors. While the relationship between climate and social stability has long been a topic of both academic and popular interest, recent improvements in computing power, data quality, and methods for causal inference have culminated in a sudden explosion of rigorous quantitative analyse ...
... one of these factors. While the relationship between climate and social stability has long been a topic of both academic and popular interest, recent improvements in computing power, data quality, and methods for causal inference have culminated in a sudden explosion of rigorous quantitative analyse ...
Interaction between Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say?
... one of these factors. While the relationship between climate and social stability has long been a topic of both academic and popular interest, recent improvements in computing power, data quality, and methods for causal inference have culminated in a sudden explosion of rigorous quantitative analyse ...
... one of these factors. While the relationship between climate and social stability has long been a topic of both academic and popular interest, recent improvements in computing power, data quality, and methods for causal inference have culminated in a sudden explosion of rigorous quantitative analyse ...
On the Road to Paris: How Can the EU Avoid Failure at the UN
... to be considerably lower than those of China (as the EU’s emissions continue to decrease while those of China continue to grow) and also lower than those of the US. In addition, the (growing) emissions of India will be at about the same level as those of the EU by that time.7 This moderate-to-low re ...
... to be considerably lower than those of China (as the EU’s emissions continue to decrease while those of China continue to grow) and also lower than those of the US. In addition, the (growing) emissions of India will be at about the same level as those of the EU by that time.7 This moderate-to-low re ...
Climate change and agriculture
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Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.Agriculture contributes to climate change by (1) anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and (2) by the conversion of non-agricultural land (e.g., forests) into agricultural land. Agriculture, forestry and land-use change contributed around 20 to 25% to global annual emissions in 2010.There are range of policies that can reduce the risk of negative climate change impacts on agriculture, and to reduce GHG emissions from the agriculture sector.