Uncertainty and Decision Making in Climate Change Economics
... Advances in the science of climate change detection and attribution over the past twenty years have made it clear beyond a reasonable doubt that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are largely responsible for the observed changes in global temperature during the twentieth century (Intergovern ...
... Advances in the science of climate change detection and attribution over the past twenty years have made it clear beyond a reasonable doubt that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are largely responsible for the observed changes in global temperature during the twentieth century (Intergovern ...
Executive Summary - UNECE Environmental Policy web-site
... The vulnerability assessment of the Dniester River Basin to climate change is based on the Concept of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007a) which provides differentiation between three main components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Exposure is de ...
... The vulnerability assessment of the Dniester River Basin to climate change is based on the Concept of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007a) which provides differentiation between three main components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Exposure is de ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Heathland ecosystems
... Humans influence the environment around them and, while natural environmental variability exists, scientific evidence indicates that the rapid climate changes of the past century are dominantly human-induced (IPCC 2007a). Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), met ...
... Humans influence the environment around them and, while natural environmental variability exists, scientific evidence indicates that the rapid climate changes of the past century are dominantly human-induced (IPCC 2007a). Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), met ...
A Focus on Climate During the Past 100 Years
... is Arctic warming (see also Alekseev et al. and Stroeve and Maslowski, this volume). During the past 100 years the Arctic experienced two pronounced warming periods (Fig. 1). Between 1915 and 1945, annual mean temperatures increased by about 1.8°C. This period was followed by a cooling and a more re ...
... is Arctic warming (see also Alekseev et al. and Stroeve and Maslowski, this volume). During the past 100 years the Arctic experienced two pronounced warming periods (Fig. 1). Between 1915 and 1945, annual mean temperatures increased by about 1.8°C. This period was followed by a cooling and a more re ...
Atmospheric CO2: Principal Control Knob Governing Earth`s
... maintained by radiative processes only, and because all the global net advective energy transports must equal zero, it follows that the global average surface temperature must be determined in full by the radiative fluxes arising from the patterns of temperature and absorption of radiation. This the ...
... maintained by radiative processes only, and because all the global net advective energy transports must equal zero, it follows that the global average surface temperature must be determined in full by the radiative fluxes arising from the patterns of temperature and absorption of radiation. This the ...
Limits of pastoral adaptation to permafrost regions caused by
... areas. However, there are few alaas on the drier, lower elevation riverbank on the west (left) side of the Lena (Saito, 1985:73). The local people perceive the alaas and terraced riverbanks as different cultural landscapes. The terraced grassland is associated with the ethnic origin of Sakha people. ...
... areas. However, there are few alaas on the drier, lower elevation riverbank on the west (left) side of the Lena (Saito, 1985:73). The local people perceive the alaas and terraced riverbanks as different cultural landscapes. The terraced grassland is associated with the ethnic origin of Sakha people. ...
Coffee and Climate Change
... perspectives of farmers indicates that 57% of farmers lost coffee in 2006, 27% due to excess rainfall and 26% due to lack of rain. Overall 39% of respondents were concerned about effects on coffee of drought, 30% heavy rains, and 23% hurricanes. Most considered the frequency of these events has incr ...
... perspectives of farmers indicates that 57% of farmers lost coffee in 2006, 27% due to excess rainfall and 26% due to lack of rain. Overall 39% of respondents were concerned about effects on coffee of drought, 30% heavy rains, and 23% hurricanes. Most considered the frequency of these events has incr ...
Climate and Weather Discourse in Anthropology: From Determinism
... The main ethical motivation and financial justification for this globalized research effort in climate is to allow better understanding and prediction of our climate in order to manage it in better ways for “societal benefit” (Pielke Jr. and Glantz 1995). Herein lies the social science community’s r ...
... The main ethical motivation and financial justification for this globalized research effort in climate is to allow better understanding and prediction of our climate in order to manage it in better ways for “societal benefit” (Pielke Jr. and Glantz 1995). Herein lies the social science community’s r ...
The EU and Climate Change Policy
... devastating effects of war. These early regional efforts targeted economic integration, not environmental protection. But how could the EU have developed such a formidable role in environmental policy today given these humble origins? A number of internal developments, which will be identified below ...
... devastating effects of war. These early regional efforts targeted economic integration, not environmental protection. But how could the EU have developed such a formidable role in environmental policy today given these humble origins? A number of internal developments, which will be identified below ...
Caritas Guidelines on Environmental Justice
... turn it into life-changing action at both a global and local level. By its very nature Caritas is constantly reading and responding to “the signs of the times”. Caritas Oceania is the newest and one of the smallest regions of Caritas Internationalis in terms of population. When the representatives o ...
... turn it into life-changing action at both a global and local level. By its very nature Caritas is constantly reading and responding to “the signs of the times”. Caritas Oceania is the newest and one of the smallest regions of Caritas Internationalis in terms of population. When the representatives o ...
Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and
... are not affected in the same way or at the same time by climate events.38 These households also modify their use of forest products to cope with specific events. One difference between coping and adapting lies in anticipatory action—for example, the management or restoration of forests for ensuring ...
... are not affected in the same way or at the same time by climate events.38 These households also modify their use of forest products to cope with specific events. One difference between coping and adapting lies in anticipatory action—for example, the management or restoration of forests for ensuring ...
Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of
... species tolerate such short-term variability through phenotypic plasticity. However, beyond the point at which individuals (and therefore species) are able to tolerate changes in climate, distributional and evolutionary changes are inevitable (Lynch & Lande 1993). The accumulating evidence of plant ...
... species tolerate such short-term variability through phenotypic plasticity. However, beyond the point at which individuals (and therefore species) are able to tolerate changes in climate, distributional and evolutionary changes are inevitable (Lynch & Lande 1993). The accumulating evidence of plant ...
Climate Change, Human Rights and the Problem of Motivation
... with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritative scientific source for multidisciplinary debates on the topic. Beginning with the right to s ...
... with the minimalist approach I have introduced above, I will instead consider them as negative rights. I assess how climate change threatens them by using mainly the 2007 IPCC Report,10 the most authoritative scientific source for multidisciplinary debates on the topic. Beginning with the right to s ...
Conference Agenda
... Jane McAdam, BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Sydney), DPhil (Oxford)) is a professor at the University of New South Wales and an Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the Faculty of Law. She is also the Director of the International Refugee and Migration Law project at the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Pu ...
... Jane McAdam, BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Sydney), DPhil (Oxford)) is a professor at the University of New South Wales and an Australian Research Council Future Fellow in the Faculty of Law. She is also the Director of the International Refugee and Migration Law project at the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Pu ...
Winter wren populations show adaptation to local climate
... In this case, the majority of studies suggest that much of the phenotypic responses observed results from individual plasticity [15–18], with relatively few studies providing evidence for local adaptation (but see [19,20]). Given that recent studies imply that the fitness consequences of mistimed br ...
... In this case, the majority of studies suggest that much of the phenotypic responses observed results from individual plasticity [15–18], with relatively few studies providing evidence for local adaptation (but see [19,20]). Given that recent studies imply that the fitness consequences of mistimed br ...
Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change
... late Tertiary uplift of the southern Appalachians. Another of the arguments for recent uplift of the Rocky Mountains derives from the presence of thick late Cenozoic conglomerate near them33.34.39. Uplift of one block with respect to another can cause steep gradients, but, as Blackstone 33 noted for ...
... late Tertiary uplift of the southern Appalachians. Another of the arguments for recent uplift of the Rocky Mountains derives from the presence of thick late Cenozoic conglomerate near them33.34.39. Uplift of one block with respect to another can cause steep gradients, but, as Blackstone 33 noted for ...
Evolutionary and plastic responses of freshwater invertebrates to
... expected to increase salinity levels and to shorten hydroperiods under climate change (Schindler 2001; Moss 2012). In contrast to temperature, effects of salinity and hydroperiod on fitness-related traits have been much less studied in freshwater invertebrates and not in the context of climate chang ...
... expected to increase salinity levels and to shorten hydroperiods under climate change (Schindler 2001; Moss 2012). In contrast to temperature, effects of salinity and hydroperiod on fitness-related traits have been much less studied in freshwater invertebrates and not in the context of climate chang ...
Fewer rainy days and more extreme rainfall by the end of the century
... simulations (for models HadES and HadAO) to more than 37 mm (according to BCC). For comparison purposes, these values are close to 20 mm in the Twentieth Century Reanalyses13 (Supp lementary Figure 2). he amplitude of the changes simulated by the end of the century, and their sensitivity to greenhou ...
... simulations (for models HadES and HadAO) to more than 37 mm (according to BCC). For comparison purposes, these values are close to 20 mm in the Twentieth Century Reanalyses13 (Supp lementary Figure 2). he amplitude of the changes simulated by the end of the century, and their sensitivity to greenhou ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER
... per cent of their renewable water resources (WBGU, 2003), while withdrawals of over 40 per cent mean serious water stress (Pittock, 2005). For example, reports show that water withdrawal in Nigeria during the 1990s was 28 cubic metres per person per year (Gleick, 2000; World Bank, 2003). The interna ...
... per cent of their renewable water resources (WBGU, 2003), while withdrawals of over 40 per cent mean serious water stress (Pittock, 2005). For example, reports show that water withdrawal in Nigeria during the 1990s was 28 cubic metres per person per year (Gleick, 2000; World Bank, 2003). The interna ...
Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia
... 1.1 What is climate change? Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is alre ...
... 1.1 What is climate change? Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is alre ...
Climate change effects on human health
... burden remains considerably higher than the heat burden in all periods. These predicted changes also reflect the increasing size of the population expected in most regions in this century. The population is projected to increase at a higher rate in the first three decades of this century compared with ...
... burden remains considerably higher than the heat burden in all periods. These predicted changes also reflect the increasing size of the population expected in most regions in this century. The population is projected to increase at a higher rate in the first three decades of this century compared with ...
a tool to analyze and present large volume of model outputs: ganga
... Average Annual BOD Load – Observed Weather BAU ...
... Average Annual BOD Load – Observed Weather BAU ...
Extreme climatic events and their evolution under changing climatic
... event in Europe are projected by regional climate models to become more common in the latter decades of the 21st century. In view of the trends discussed in this paper and the projections of change in a future, warmer climate, it would seem appropriate to plan strategies aimed at addressing the nega ...
... event in Europe are projected by regional climate models to become more common in the latter decades of the 21st century. In view of the trends discussed in this paper and the projections of change in a future, warmer climate, it would seem appropriate to plan strategies aimed at addressing the nega ...
How the IPCC invented a new calculus in 2010. http
... trend lines on the temperature curve as in the TS and Chapter 3 as being better than the alternatives. A linear fit may not be a good one but when one is trying to make the smallest number of assumptions it is more defensible than for example putting in seemingly arbitrary break-points... The monoto ...
... trend lines on the temperature curve as in the TS and Chapter 3 as being better than the alternatives. A linear fit may not be a good one but when one is trying to make the smallest number of assumptions it is more defensible than for example putting in seemingly arbitrary break-points... The monoto ...
Climate change and agriculture
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Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.Agriculture contributes to climate change by (1) anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and (2) by the conversion of non-agricultural land (e.g., forests) into agricultural land. Agriculture, forestry and land-use change contributed around 20 to 25% to global annual emissions in 2010.There are range of policies that can reduce the risk of negative climate change impacts on agriculture, and to reduce GHG emissions from the agriculture sector.