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... data, the land area planted to maize in Nigeria increased from 1.4 million in 1961 to 3.3 million hectares in 2010. This phenomenal expansion of the land area devoted to maize cultivation resulted in increased production from 1.1 million metric tonnes in 1961 to 7.3 million metric tonnes in 2010,16 ...
... data, the land area planted to maize in Nigeria increased from 1.4 million in 1961 to 3.3 million hectares in 2010. This phenomenal expansion of the land area devoted to maize cultivation resulted in increased production from 1.1 million metric tonnes in 1961 to 7.3 million metric tonnes in 2010,16 ...
Climate Change Negotiations, India`s submissions to the United
... variability and are exposed to enhanced risks from climate change. Climate change will also significantly impact the economic growth and social development of India, where eradication of poverty is the first and overriding priority. It is for this reason that India has a huge stake in the multilater ...
... variability and are exposed to enhanced risks from climate change. Climate change will also significantly impact the economic growth and social development of India, where eradication of poverty is the first and overriding priority. It is for this reason that India has a huge stake in the multilater ...
Williamson, Craig E., Jennifer A. Brentrup, Jing Zhang, William H
... (UV) radiation (Williamson et al. 1996), making UVrelated metrics much more sensitive sentinels of environmental change than is DOC concentration (Williamson et al. 1999). UV and PAR transparency have been shown to be valuable sentinels of climate change in a wide variety of lakes ranging from borea ...
... (UV) radiation (Williamson et al. 1996), making UVrelated metrics much more sensitive sentinels of environmental change than is DOC concentration (Williamson et al. 1999). UV and PAR transparency have been shown to be valuable sentinels of climate change in a wide variety of lakes ranging from borea ...
Postulated Feedbacks of Deciduous Forest Phenology on
... Mountains (Fig. 1). Even if such feedbacks are important, they may be difficult to detect over one or two growing seasons be cause of high temporal and spatial variability in mete orological conditions, particularly precipitation. An analysis of the long-term climate record, however, might provide ...
... Mountains (Fig. 1). Even if such feedbacks are important, they may be difficult to detect over one or two growing seasons be cause of high temporal and spatial variability in mete orological conditions, particularly precipitation. An analysis of the long-term climate record, however, might provide ...
Sensitivity of Amazon Regional Climate to Deforestation
... land covers and convection schemes, for example Xue et al. [60] that the new vegetated dataset (changes in particular in LAI, soil properties were deemed important) produced significantly different latent heat flux’s and surface temperatures which can cause a significantly different response in rain ...
... land covers and convection schemes, for example Xue et al. [60] that the new vegetated dataset (changes in particular in LAI, soil properties were deemed important) produced significantly different latent heat flux’s and surface temperatures which can cause a significantly different response in rain ...
drought in turkey
... The Drought of 2013-2014 The above-average precipitation levels in Turkey in the years following the drought of 2007-2008 led to a weakness in drought preparedness. For the reasons described above, the norm in Turkey is expected to shift from precipitation to drought. As proof of this, meteorologica ...
... The Drought of 2013-2014 The above-average precipitation levels in Turkey in the years following the drought of 2007-2008 led to a weakness in drought preparedness. For the reasons described above, the norm in Turkey is expected to shift from precipitation to drought. As proof of this, meteorologica ...
Australia and New Zealand
... and frequency (high confidence). Floods, landslides, droughts and storm surges are very likely to become more frequent and intense, and snow and frost are very likely to become less frequent (high confidence). Large areas of mainland Australia and eastern New Zealand are likely to have less soil moi ...
... and frequency (high confidence). Floods, landslides, droughts and storm surges are very likely to become more frequent and intense, and snow and frost are very likely to become less frequent (high confidence). Large areas of mainland Australia and eastern New Zealand are likely to have less soil moi ...
Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning
... national governments to address the pressing needs of their citizens. To expand their capacity to take on the challenge of climate change, cities are joining forums that encourage collaboration between multiple levels of government, business, and civil society. Hundreds of cities worldwide have join ...
... national governments to address the pressing needs of their citizens. To expand their capacity to take on the challenge of climate change, cities are joining forums that encourage collaboration between multiple levels of government, business, and civil society. Hundreds of cities worldwide have join ...
Future Directions - WCRP Strategic Framework
... to predict its evolution. In addition, assessments by the WMO/UNEP IPCC would not be possible without significant contributions by many WCRP scientists and groups. WCRP modelling experiments were the basis for many of those assessments, and some of the relevant outputs were the climate projections b ...
... to predict its evolution. In addition, assessments by the WMO/UNEP IPCC would not be possible without significant contributions by many WCRP scientists and groups. WCRP modelling experiments were the basis for many of those assessments, and some of the relevant outputs were the climate projections b ...
Climate-driven enrichment of pollutants in peatlands
... gest that about 60% of all peatland area in Canada and a similar proportion in North Eurasia will be severely to extremely severely affected by climate change (Gorham, 1991; Tarnocai and Stolbovoy, 2006), leading to a higher release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. Although the predi ...
... gest that about 60% of all peatland area in Canada and a similar proportion in North Eurasia will be severely to extremely severely affected by climate change (Gorham, 1991; Tarnocai and Stolbovoy, 2006), leading to a higher release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. Although the predi ...
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
Sea-level rise around the Australian coastline and the changing
... (1897-2004) and Fort Denison, Sydney (1914-2004) serve as useful indicators of any observed change in extreme sea levels over the last century on the west and east coast respectively. These data are hourly data provided by the National Tidal Centre, Australia. The sea-level records from these ports ...
... (1897-2004) and Fort Denison, Sydney (1914-2004) serve as useful indicators of any observed change in extreme sea levels over the last century on the west and east coast respectively. These data are hourly data provided by the National Tidal Centre, Australia. The sea-level records from these ports ...
Enhancing the resilience of inland fisheries and
... vagueness will confound and slow progress towards improved fisheries and livelihoods. ...
... vagueness will confound and slow progress towards improved fisheries and livelihoods. ...
3. STRAW MAN 1: A PRELIMINARY VIEW OF THE TROPICAL
... this version incorporates very small values of vertical diffusion and an implementation of anisotropic horizontal viscosity, providing excellent resolution of tropical current systems. The paleoposition determined during Leg 199 for the Paleogene suggests that it is the structure and properties of t ...
... this version incorporates very small values of vertical diffusion and an implementation of anisotropic horizontal viscosity, providing excellent resolution of tropical current systems. The paleoposition determined during Leg 199 for the Paleogene suggests that it is the structure and properties of t ...
The Nation Ex-Situ: On climate change, deterritorialized nationhood
... while I provide a discussion of climate migration generally, this article addresses the specific plight of states whose territories are rendered uninhabitable due to total submersion or chronic processes that so thoroughly compromise their land that there is no longer a viable source of food, water, ...
... while I provide a discussion of climate migration generally, this article addresses the specific plight of states whose territories are rendered uninhabitable due to total submersion or chronic processes that so thoroughly compromise their land that there is no longer a viable source of food, water, ...
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... Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
... Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
svcrproc
... and marginal costs. Outputs of the emissions model are fed as inputs into the climate model. Estimated climate changes under different scenarios are used to estimate the climatic impacts on food production and infectious diseases focusing on the Asia-Pacific region. Atmospheric stabilization scenari ...
... and marginal costs. Outputs of the emissions model are fed as inputs into the climate model. Estimated climate changes under different scenarios are used to estimate the climatic impacts on food production and infectious diseases focusing on the Asia-Pacific region. Atmospheric stabilization scenari ...
Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past
... the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). In addition to global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and δ13 C, we analysed GENIE’s grid-point output on the northwest Atlantic shelf (NW Atl shelf, corresponding to Millville’s palaeo-location, see Supplementary Information). For instance ...
... the normalized response (see Supplementary Information). In addition to global mean sea surface temperature (SST) and δ13 C, we analysed GENIE’s grid-point output on the northwest Atlantic shelf (NW Atl shelf, corresponding to Millville’s palaeo-location, see Supplementary Information). For instance ...
states and cities as actors in global climate regulation: unitary vs
... or whether current SNA initiatives are or should be of an interim nature. Based on analysis of the positive political economy of independent SNA regulation, Part II.A concludes that while some of the incentives for current U.S. SNA regulatory measures may dissipate with the adoption of federal regul ...
... or whether current SNA initiatives are or should be of an interim nature. Based on analysis of the positive political economy of independent SNA regulation, Part II.A concludes that while some of the incentives for current U.S. SNA regulatory measures may dissipate with the adoption of federal regul ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanced regional surface heterogeneity, such as complex topography and multi-level representations of forests and lakes, which ...
... dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanced regional surface heterogeneity, such as complex topography and multi-level representations of forests and lakes, which ...
A global ranking of port cities with high exposure to climate extremes
... As future changes in global sea level are uncertain and data inclusive of the significant local variations is limited, the present analysis assumes a homogenous global rise of 0.5 m above current levels by 2070. This is in the upper range of IPCC projections (IPCC 2007) and well within the ranges of ...
... As future changes in global sea level are uncertain and data inclusive of the significant local variations is limited, the present analysis assumes a homogenous global rise of 0.5 m above current levels by 2070. This is in the upper range of IPCC projections (IPCC 2007) and well within the ranges of ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made Climate Change
... millions of years, is uncertain. But that is an academic ...
... millions of years, is uncertain. But that is an academic ...
Needs Assessment: Turks and Caicos Islands
... Caribbean have risen around 2°C, with the number of very warm days in the region increasing but the number of very cold nights decreasing9. GCM projections for annual rainfall vary significantly with decreases and increases ranging from -29 to +8 mm per month by the 2080s across three emissions scen ...
... Caribbean have risen around 2°C, with the number of very warm days in the region increasing but the number of very cold nights decreasing9. GCM projections for annual rainfall vary significantly with decreases and increases ranging from -29 to +8 mm per month by the 2080s across three emissions scen ...
Climate change and agriculture
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Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.Agriculture contributes to climate change by (1) anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and (2) by the conversion of non-agricultural land (e.g., forests) into agricultural land. Agriculture, forestry and land-use change contributed around 20 to 25% to global annual emissions in 2010.There are range of policies that can reduce the risk of negative climate change impacts on agriculture, and to reduce GHG emissions from the agriculture sector.