Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward
... unclear. To enhance cross-disciplinary communications between natural and social scientists working to assess the risks posed by climate-related tipping points and associated costs, this paper seeks to clarify terminology, critically review the underlying literature, and identify research directions ...
... unclear. To enhance cross-disciplinary communications between natural and social scientists working to assess the risks posed by climate-related tipping points and associated costs, this paper seeks to clarify terminology, critically review the underlying literature, and identify research directions ...
KNMI`14: Climate Change scenarios for the 21st Century – A
... conditions, which are governed by a combination of natural and human induced changes. The design and evaluation of measures aiming at a robust Delta infrastructure are guided by the so-called Delta Scenarios (Bruggeman et al. 2013) in which key indicators of both future climate and socio-economic co ...
... conditions, which are governed by a combination of natural and human induced changes. The design and evaluation of measures aiming at a robust Delta infrastructure are guided by the so-called Delta Scenarios (Bruggeman et al. 2013) in which key indicators of both future climate and socio-economic co ...
Chapter 12
... climate changes. For example, national action plans have been developed for adapting to climate change [12.5] and more specific plans have been incorporated into European and national policies for agriculture, energy, forestry, transport, and other sectors [12.2.3, 12.5.2]. Research has also provide ...
... climate changes. For example, national action plans have been developed for adapting to climate change [12.5] and more specific plans have been incorporated into European and national policies for agriculture, energy, forestry, transport, and other sectors [12.2.3, 12.5.2]. Research has also provide ...
SJmaintext
... the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)” (Solomon et al. 2007). These two definitions have two important consequences: the need to use long-term data (see STEP 1: Measuring section) and to consider both the effect of the me ...
... the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)” (Solomon et al. 2007). These two definitions have two important consequences: the need to use long-term data (see STEP 1: Measuring section) and to consider both the effect of the me ...
Alberta`s Natural Subregions Under a Changing Climate
... the duration of winter snow cover will be shortened, leading to earlier ground warming and a longer period of evaporative moisture loss. Finally, although total precipitation is projected to increase, precipitation during midsummer, when moisture stress is greatest, is expected to decline. ...
... the duration of winter snow cover will be shortened, leading to earlier ground warming and a longer period of evaporative moisture loss. Finally, although total precipitation is projected to increase, precipitation during midsummer, when moisture stress is greatest, is expected to decline. ...
STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... in the last 25 Ma [Royer, 2006]. [12] Knowledge of the phasing of climate events on regional to hemispheric scales is essential to understanding the dynamics of the Earth’s climate system. Correlations based on the similarities seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice core methane signals (Figure 6) sugg ...
... in the last 25 Ma [Royer, 2006]. [12] Knowledge of the phasing of climate events on regional to hemispheric scales is essential to understanding the dynamics of the Earth’s climate system. Correlations based on the similarities seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice core methane signals (Figure 6) sugg ...
Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact
... papers including the term ‘extreme’ in relation to climate or weather and either fecundity or survival. We assume that the scientists most familiar with the study system in question are the best at making such a judgment. There may be a heavy bias to report negative rather than positive effects of e ...
... papers including the term ‘extreme’ in relation to climate or weather and either fecundity or survival. We assume that the scientists most familiar with the study system in question are the best at making such a judgment. There may be a heavy bias to report negative rather than positive effects of e ...
Climate Change and Switzerland 2050
... 2001 and 2007 reports serve as the scientific basis. The research reports available today with their scientific data and facts prove what has been evident for years: With a probability of more than 90 per cent, the largest proportion of the observed increase in the global mean temperature since the ...
... 2001 and 2007 reports serve as the scientific basis. The research reports available today with their scientific data and facts prove what has been evident for years: With a probability of more than 90 per cent, the largest proportion of the observed increase in the global mean temperature since the ...
Mechanism of Interdecadal Thermohaline Circulation Variability in a
... the Hadley Centre global coupled atmosphere–ocean sea-ice general circulation model (HadCM3). A diagnostic approach is used to elucidate the mechanism that governs the variability and its impacts on climate. An irregular and heavily damped THC oscillation with a period around 25 yr is identified. Th ...
... the Hadley Centre global coupled atmosphere–ocean sea-ice general circulation model (HadCM3). A diagnostic approach is used to elucidate the mechanism that governs the variability and its impacts on climate. An irregular and heavily damped THC oscillation with a period around 25 yr is identified. Th ...
Global warming in the American mind
... It is said that it takes a village to raise a child. In my case, it has taken several villages to raise an interdisciplinary scholar. Thank you to the Department of Geography, my focal discipline, and especially to Dr. Shaul Cohen for his invaluable advice, perspective and support. Thank you to Drs. ...
... It is said that it takes a village to raise a child. In my case, it has taken several villages to raise an interdisciplinary scholar. Thank you to the Department of Geography, my focal discipline, and especially to Dr. Shaul Cohen for his invaluable advice, perspective and support. Thank you to Drs. ...
the first us integrated ocean observing system (ioos) development plan
... • Implement a process to select coastal ocean data assimilation experiments as pilot projects that will facilitate coordinated development of the coastal and global components. There was also strong agreement on the pressing need to sustain existing elements of the observing subsystem for coastal IO ...
... • Implement a process to select coastal ocean data assimilation experiments as pilot projects that will facilitate coordinated development of the coastal and global components. There was also strong agreement on the pressing need to sustain existing elements of the observing subsystem for coastal IO ...
Convergence of tectonic reconstructions and mantle
... E-mail address: [email protected] (N. Coltice). ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] (N. Coltice). ...
Economics of Climate Change Kenya
... Agriculture. The study has considered the potential effects in the agricultural sector, though this is one of the most challenging areas to investigate due to the complexity of analysis and the wide variations with geographical location. Existing studies report that the economic effects for agricult ...
... Agriculture. The study has considered the potential effects in the agricultural sector, though this is one of the most challenging areas to investigate due to the complexity of analysis and the wide variations with geographical location. Existing studies report that the economic effects for agricult ...
Article - Cgd Ucar
... The first goal of this study is to provide intercomparison of the datasets discussed above. To this end, we perform a synthesis of observational records to address the questions of whether there is consistency among datasets and significant trends in East and West Antarctica. Our strategy is to use ...
... The first goal of this study is to provide intercomparison of the datasets discussed above. To this end, we perform a synthesis of observational records to address the questions of whether there is consistency among datasets and significant trends in East and West Antarctica. Our strategy is to use ...
Teacher Guide - Windows to the Universe
... how high-precision GPS can be used to measure regional plate movement and deformation. An Introduction to Reading GPS Time Series Plots is also recommended before this activity Overview: What’s happening in California? Earthquakes are shifting the landscape, creeping faults are bending the countrysi ...
... how high-precision GPS can be used to measure regional plate movement and deformation. An Introduction to Reading GPS Time Series Plots is also recommended before this activity Overview: What’s happening in California? Earthquakes are shifting the landscape, creeping faults are bending the countrysi ...
Celebrating 20 years of The Montreal Protocol
... the key event occurred in Canada, when the world’s nations agreed to the Montreal Protocol to repair and protect the Earth’s protective ozone layer. The treaty is perhaps the single most successful international environmental agreement ever made. It generates science and deploys funds to assist deve ...
... the key event occurred in Canada, when the world’s nations agreed to the Montreal Protocol to repair and protect the Earth’s protective ozone layer. The treaty is perhaps the single most successful international environmental agreement ever made. It generates science and deploys funds to assist deve ...
Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: changes
... This paper considers the implications of a range of global-mean sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on: (1) changes in flooding by storm surges; and (2) potential losses of coastal wetlands through the 21st century. These scenarios are derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang ...
... This paper considers the implications of a range of global-mean sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on: (1) changes in flooding by storm surges; and (2) potential losses of coastal wetlands through the 21st century. These scenarios are derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang ...
Temporal variation of oceanic spreading and crustal production
... the late Mesozoic. In the last 20 years, considerable advances in marine geosciences have allowed a better estimate of the production at oceanic ridges, which is now accepted to be about 20 km3 year1 (e.g. [9–11]). This value and its temporal evolution are important because they are used in various ...
... the late Mesozoic. In the last 20 years, considerable advances in marine geosciences have allowed a better estimate of the production at oceanic ridges, which is now accepted to be about 20 km3 year1 (e.g. [9–11]). This value and its temporal evolution are important because they are used in various ...
iudf urban risk draft - Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs
... severe weather events that occurred in the Western Cape between 2003–2008. The first column shows the total, absolute losses and the second the losses adjusted for inflation, standardised to 2005 values (see Appendix 1 for full tables).1 It indicates that the total economic costs for the eight event ...
... severe weather events that occurred in the Western Cape between 2003–2008. The first column shows the total, absolute losses and the second the losses adjusted for inflation, standardised to 2005 values (see Appendix 1 for full tables).1 It indicates that the total economic costs for the eight event ...
U. S. Senate Report Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man
... Poland: Physicist Dr. Zbigniew Jaworowski, Chairman of the Central Laboratory for the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiological Protection in Warsaw: "We thus find ourselves in the situation that the entire theory of man-made global warming-with its repercussions in science, ...
... Poland: Physicist Dr. Zbigniew Jaworowski, Chairman of the Central Laboratory for the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiological Protection in Warsaw: "We thus find ourselves in the situation that the entire theory of man-made global warming-with its repercussions in science, ...
Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over the Phanerozoic: Plate
... extension (shortening). A map of GDUs as defined in the UNIL model (v.2011, © Neftex) is shown in Figure 1. Geodynamic scenarios are usually represented as 2D cross-sections of regional scale (see an example in Figure 2). They are designed to account for the geological history of each GDU involved, ...
... extension (shortening). A map of GDUs as defined in the UNIL model (v.2011, © Neftex) is shown in Figure 1. Geodynamic scenarios are usually represented as 2D cross-sections of regional scale (see an example in Figure 2). They are designed to account for the geological history of each GDU involved, ...
DRAFT: IOOS® Summit Report - Interagency Ocean Observation
... processes to develop GOOS. As this was under way at the global level, two points were clearly recognized in the U.S. First, implementation of the coastal module for ocean observing would need to be done domestically -- paralleling the global efforts, and providing U.S. data to support the global eff ...
... processes to develop GOOS. As this was under way at the global level, two points were clearly recognized in the U.S. First, implementation of the coastal module for ocean observing would need to be done domestically -- paralleling the global efforts, and providing U.S. data to support the global eff ...
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) is a research program of the World Climate Research Programme intended to observe, comprehend and model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, studies how much of that energy reaches surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain, and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes.GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. If the Earth's climates were identical from year to year, then people could predict when, where and what crops to plant. However, instability created by solar variation, weather trends, and chaotic events create weather that is unpredictable on seasonal scales. Through weather patterns such as droughts and higher rainfall these cycles impact ecosystems and human activities. GEWEX is designed to collect a much greater amount of data, and see if better models of that data can forecast weather and climate change into the future.GEWEX is organized into several structures. As GEWEX was conceived projects were organized by participating factions, this task is now done by the International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). IGPO oversees major initiatives and coordinates between national projects in an effort to bring about communication of researchers. IGPO claims to support communication exchange between 2000 scientist and is the instrument for publication of major reports. The Scientific Steering Group organizes the projects and assigns them to panels, which oversee progress and provide critique. The Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP) the 'Hydrology Project' is a major instrument in GEWEX. This panel includes geographic study areas such as the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas operated by NOAA, but also examines several types of climate zones (e.g. high altitude and semi-arid). Another panel, the GEWEX Radiation Panel oversees the coordinated use of satellites and ground based observation to better estimate energy and water fluxes. One recent result GEWEX's Radiation panel has assessed data on rainfall for the last 25 years and determined that that global rainfall is 2.61 mm/day with a small statistical variation. While the study period is short, after 25 years of measurement regional trends are beginning to appear. The GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel takes current models and analyzes the models when climate forcing phenomena occur (global warming as an example of a 'climate forcing' event). GEWEX is now the core project of WCRP.