History of climate modeling
... he global climate system functions to transport heat from the equator toward the poles. Therefore, climatology’s principal questions regard how much heat the Earth system retains, where the energy resides (in the oceans, atmosphere, land surfaces, etc.), how it is distributed, and how it circulates ...
... he global climate system functions to transport heat from the equator toward the poles. Therefore, climatology’s principal questions regard how much heat the Earth system retains, where the energy resides (in the oceans, atmosphere, land surfaces, etc.), how it is distributed, and how it circulates ...
Policymaker Summary
... Scientific Assessment of Climate Change the same period global sea level has increased by 1020 c m . These increases have not been smooth with time, nor uniform over the globe. The size o f this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude a ...
... Scientific Assessment of Climate Change the same period global sea level has increased by 1020 c m . These increases have not been smooth with time, nor uniform over the globe. The size o f this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude a ...
PowerPoint is here
... The Earth’s surface then radiates according to its temperature (~300K), which means – it radiates in the infrared. CO2, H2O, methane, and any molecular gas other than symmetric diatomic gases (e.g. O2, N2) have strong, wide absorption bands in the IR IR absorption is re-radiated again in the IR, so ...
... The Earth’s surface then radiates according to its temperature (~300K), which means – it radiates in the infrared. CO2, H2O, methane, and any molecular gas other than symmetric diatomic gases (e.g. O2, N2) have strong, wide absorption bands in the IR IR absorption is re-radiated again in the IR, so ...
The Met Office Hadley Centre climate modelling capability: the
... this by providing direct evidence of considerable low-top cloud responses in areas which contribute most to inter-model differences in global cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Uncertainties in cloud feedbacks are also discussed in §4. Another major improvement in HadGEM1 is in the representati ...
... this by providing direct evidence of considerable low-top cloud responses in areas which contribute most to inter-model differences in global cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Uncertainties in cloud feedbacks are also discussed in §4. Another major improvement in HadGEM1 is in the representati ...
Is Global Warming Mainly Due to Anthropogenic GHG Emissions?
... heat upward and poleward to levels where it is possible for thermal radiation emitted from these levels to escape to space. This level is referred to as the characteristic emission level by Lindzen (2007). ...
... heat upward and poleward to levels where it is possible for thermal radiation emitted from these levels to escape to space. This level is referred to as the characteristic emission level by Lindzen (2007). ...
Assimilation and Impact of GPS Radio Occultation data
... Data available to weather centers within < 180 minutes ...
... Data available to weather centers within < 180 minutes ...
Demand reduction is key
... • Agrofuel infrastructure is built on Fossil Fuel infrastructure – Intensive agriculture – fossil fuel based – fertilisers, farm equipment, Nitrous oxide emissions (300* CO2), soil carbon emissions – Feedstock transport, shipping, ports – Refining (coal, gas fired plants!) ; process chemicals ...
... • Agrofuel infrastructure is built on Fossil Fuel infrastructure – Intensive agriculture – fossil fuel based – fertilisers, farm equipment, Nitrous oxide emissions (300* CO2), soil carbon emissions – Feedstock transport, shipping, ports – Refining (coal, gas fired plants!) ; process chemicals ...
Feeling the Heat - Phillippines Case Study
... the Philippines.42 The country is experiencing an increased number of hot days and a decreasing number of cold nights.43 The El Niño effect causes year to year variations in rainfall and large variability in extreme precipitation in the Philippines.44 Increasing trends in the number of “no rain” day ...
... the Philippines.42 The country is experiencing an increased number of hot days and a decreasing number of cold nights.43 The El Niño effect causes year to year variations in rainfall and large variability in extreme precipitation in the Philippines.44 Increasing trends in the number of “no rain” day ...
S1-Meinke.pps
... DA represents the additional knowledge about future states arising from the forecast system over and above the total variability of the prognostic variable ...
... DA represents the additional knowledge about future states arising from the forecast system over and above the total variability of the prognostic variable ...
A safe climate scenario
... It is worth bearing in mind that the temperatures, and the attendant extreme weather events, that we are experiencing now (2013) are the result of full warming from about 1980. This is because it takes a number of decades for any particular quantity of greenhouse gases to fully heat the upper layers ...
... It is worth bearing in mind that the temperatures, and the attendant extreme weather events, that we are experiencing now (2013) are the result of full warming from about 1980. This is because it takes a number of decades for any particular quantity of greenhouse gases to fully heat the upper layers ...
Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010
... hypoxia, and in some cases the eruption of toxic gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide from deep anoxic sediments (17). Changes to wind and ...
... hypoxia, and in some cases the eruption of toxic gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide from deep anoxic sediments (17). Changes to wind and ...
APES climate change
... warmer troposphere can decrease the ability of the ocean to remove and store CO2 by decreasing the nutrient supply for phytoplankton and increasing the acidity of ocean water. Global warming will lead to prolonged heat waves and droughts in some areas and prolonged heavy rains and increased floodi ...
... warmer troposphere can decrease the ability of the ocean to remove and store CO2 by decreasing the nutrient supply for phytoplankton and increasing the acidity of ocean water. Global warming will lead to prolonged heat waves and droughts in some areas and prolonged heavy rains and increased floodi ...
Royal Society
... The term used to describe the flow of carbon, in its various forms, between the atmosphere, oceans, plants, soils and rocks. In the atmosphere, carbon mostly exists as carbon dioxide, but it exists in different forms in other components, such as organic carbon in the soil. Climate forcing (also know ...
... The term used to describe the flow of carbon, in its various forms, between the atmosphere, oceans, plants, soils and rocks. In the atmosphere, carbon mostly exists as carbon dioxide, but it exists in different forms in other components, such as organic carbon in the soil. Climate forcing (also know ...
Future climate in the Pacific Northwest
... analysis of twenty-first century PNW climate. We have analyzed available A2 runs as well, as shown in Figs. 8, 11 and 12, but we emphasize A1B and B1. Though B1 is the lowest of the IPCC illustrative scenarios, it still produces changes in climate that many scientists call “dangerous” (Schellnhuber ...
... analysis of twenty-first century PNW climate. We have analyzed available A2 runs as well, as shown in Figs. 8, 11 and 12, but we emphasize A1B and B1. Though B1 is the lowest of the IPCC illustrative scenarios, it still produces changes in climate that many scientists call “dangerous” (Schellnhuber ...
CSIRO_CCAM Model_Methodology_FNL
... This section describes the methods used to provide high-resolution climate projection information for the Philippines. GCMs provide the best available tools for simulating large-scale future climates based on various greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenarios, since they are able to couple atmosp ...
... This section describes the methods used to provide high-resolution climate projection information for the Philippines. GCMs provide the best available tools for simulating large-scale future climates based on various greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenarios, since they are able to couple atmosp ...
climatechange - Otterville R
... Climate models are not only used to look at how climate might change, they’re also used to figure out WHY it’s changing. When models are run with only natural influences from the sun and volcanic eruptions, they say that during the latter half of the 20th century, we would have expected little chan ...
... Climate models are not only used to look at how climate might change, they’re also used to figure out WHY it’s changing. When models are run with only natural influences from the sun and volcanic eruptions, they say that during the latter half of the 20th century, we would have expected little chan ...
Adapting to Climate Change - Business for Social Responsibility
... Collaborating on adaptation with solutions providers, such as insurance and information and communication technology companies. While climate science continues to be refined, the most confident projections are usually made at global or large-scale regional levels. Yet because impacts are highly loca ...
... Collaborating on adaptation with solutions providers, such as insurance and information and communication technology companies. While climate science continues to be refined, the most confident projections are usually made at global or large-scale regional levels. Yet because impacts are highly loca ...
Development and Climate Change: A Strategic Framework for the
... Click on the attached weblink below to read Chapter 1 Link to Phase I Consultations ...
... Click on the attached weblink below to read Chapter 1 Link to Phase I Consultations ...
increase - WordPress.com
... Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815, 1816 became known as “The Year Without a Summer”. • One of the four strongest volcanic eruptions of the last 10,000 years. A powerful example of natural climate change. • Covers the eruption, how the volcanic ash cloud affected global weather and climate, and the s ...
... Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815, 1816 became known as “The Year Without a Summer”. • One of the four strongest volcanic eruptions of the last 10,000 years. A powerful example of natural climate change. • Covers the eruption, how the volcanic ash cloud affected global weather and climate, and the s ...
Understanding the Earth as a Complex System – recent advances in
... 2. The presence of ice sheets in high latitudes is known to influence both the dynamics of the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappeari ...
... 2. The presence of ice sheets in high latitudes is known to influence both the dynamics of the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappeari ...
Tekeli Edited
... impacts on all aspects related to the state of the natural systems and of the production economy, especially in agriculture, forestry and natural habitats. Climate models that are used to carry out climate change scenario simulations suggest that the increases in greenhouse gasses affect not only su ...
... impacts on all aspects related to the state of the natural systems and of the production economy, especially in agriculture, forestry and natural habitats. Climate models that are used to carry out climate change scenario simulations suggest that the increases in greenhouse gasses affect not only su ...
