A reply on Spinoza`s behalf
... Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Jacobi, Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling. Perhaps, then, the most general reply that might be offered on Spinoza’s behalf would be this: “Such astute philosophers must have been right in judging disjunctively that either their own philosophy or Spinozism was correct. Their own philos ...
... Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Jacobi, Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling. Perhaps, then, the most general reply that might be offered on Spinoza’s behalf would be this: “Such astute philosophers must have been right in judging disjunctively that either their own philosophy or Spinozism was correct. Their own philos ...
Introducing Levinas to Undergraduate Philosophers
... people. This is not necessarily to say that there can be no ethics without at least two people—though this is the case for Levinas. It is to say that ethics is an important issue for us because it governs the way in which we relate with one another. This assumption is not unfounded: indeed, St. Thom ...
... people. This is not necessarily to say that there can be no ethics without at least two people—though this is the case for Levinas. It is to say that ethics is an important issue for us because it governs the way in which we relate with one another. This assumption is not unfounded: indeed, St. Thom ...
1 QUINE`S INTERPRETATION PROBLEM AND THE EARLY
... which assigns to every state description S an individual constant f(S) (representing an individual in D). Intuitively speaking, individual concepts are functions from possible worlds to individuals. According to Carnap’s semantics, individual variables are assigned values relative to state descripti ...
... which assigns to every state description S an individual constant f(S) (representing an individual in D). Intuitively speaking, individual concepts are functions from possible worlds to individuals. According to Carnap’s semantics, individual variables are assigned values relative to state descripti ...
Lecture 15
... • For each event E in a collection of events E1 , . . . , En , Mr. B has to announce a number q(E) (called his betting quotient on E), and then Ms. A will choose the stake S. Mr. B must pay Ms. A $ [q(E) × S] in exchange for S if E occurs. S can be positive or negative, but |S| must be small in rela ...
... • For each event E in a collection of events E1 , . . . , En , Mr. B has to announce a number q(E) (called his betting quotient on E), and then Ms. A will choose the stake S. Mr. B must pay Ms. A $ [q(E) × S] in exchange for S if E occurs. S can be positive or negative, but |S| must be small in rela ...
History of Philosophy2
... circular, and deepening, like a spiral, where the endpoint is already pre-conceived intuitively at the beginning. The development between beginning and end must be seen as one of enrichment, of struggle, and above all, as free. To get the point across, Hegel, in his Introduction, refers to Aristotle ...
... circular, and deepening, like a spiral, where the endpoint is already pre-conceived intuitively at the beginning. The development between beginning and end must be seen as one of enrichment, of struggle, and above all, as free. To get the point across, Hegel, in his Introduction, refers to Aristotle ...
Meaning before truth
... nature and source of semantic phenomena. But we should reject these claims in any case. We may eventually earn the right to say that semantic theories associate sentences with ‘truth indications’ in some interesting sense. Until then, it may be best to just say that theories of meaning/ understandin ...
... nature and source of semantic phenomena. But we should reject these claims in any case. We may eventually earn the right to say that semantic theories associate sentences with ‘truth indications’ in some interesting sense. Until then, it may be best to just say that theories of meaning/ understandin ...
Hegel`s Phenomenology of Spirit Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
... Absolute is infinite life and love and the Absolute is the conscious unity of this life, of unity with the infinite and unity with others. Note the effort after “wholeness” so alien to scientific materialism, empiricism, individualism, and instrumental reason. In 1800 Hegel published Fragment of a s ...
... Absolute is infinite life and love and the Absolute is the conscious unity of this life, of unity with the infinite and unity with others. Note the effort after “wholeness” so alien to scientific materialism, empiricism, individualism, and instrumental reason. In 1800 Hegel published Fragment of a s ...
The Good Life and the `Radical Contingency of the Ethical`
... Such worries turn out under scrutiny to be of negligible force. To begin with, the evolutionary changes here invoked are going to be ones that operate over many millions of years. We do not know exactly when ‘modern’ homo-sapiens came into existence, but there is good reason to suppose that our spec ...
... Such worries turn out under scrutiny to be of negligible force. To begin with, the evolutionary changes here invoked are going to be ones that operate over many millions of years. We do not know exactly when ‘modern’ homo-sapiens came into existence, but there is good reason to suppose that our spec ...
Evaluating From a Point of View
... from the point of view of one whose crops will fail without rain, and the producer is assessing things from the point of view of one who needs to complete a movie with outdoor sequences filmed in sunny weather. Each is being rational from within his own point of view, and so long as neither man step ...
... from the point of view of one whose crops will fail without rain, and the producer is assessing things from the point of view of one who needs to complete a movie with outdoor sequences filmed in sunny weather. Each is being rational from within his own point of view, and so long as neither man step ...
From Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau
... 4. Thoreau writes, “The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right.” What are some pros and cons of this philosophy? 5. Evaluate Thoreau’s claim: “Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily ...
... 4. Thoreau writes, “The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right.” What are some pros and cons of this philosophy? 5. Evaluate Thoreau’s claim: “Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily ...
How Not to Defend Moral Blame
... I argued that Wallace cannot adequately counter the refined sadness challenge. One thing that is, plausibly, valuable about blame is that the blaming person authentically reflects her commitment to morality. But it is not necessary to blame a wrongdoer in order to do so. Certain forms of moral sadne ...
... I argued that Wallace cannot adequately counter the refined sadness challenge. One thing that is, plausibly, valuable about blame is that the blaming person authentically reflects her commitment to morality. But it is not necessary to blame a wrongdoer in order to do so. Certain forms of moral sadne ...
Lambda in Sentences with Designations: An Ode to
... l-abstraction operator.2 Expressions are k-convertible if one is obtainable from the other by a sequence of applications of the l-conversion rules of l-expansion, l-contraction, and alphabetic change of bound variables. Since the l-conversion rules are each logically reversible (that is, the reverse ...
... l-abstraction operator.2 Expressions are k-convertible if one is obtainable from the other by a sequence of applications of the l-conversion rules of l-expansion, l-contraction, and alphabetic change of bound variables. Since the l-conversion rules are each logically reversible (that is, the reverse ...
Relativism, Vagueness and What is Said
... STE , we have said, ascribes to sentences by means of which assertions are made based on what our common knowledge of English tells us about them. According to such common knowledge many such assertions are at most contingently true. An assertion made with an eternal sentence such as ‘fluorite struc ...
... STE , we have said, ascribes to sentences by means of which assertions are made based on what our common knowledge of English tells us about them. According to such common knowledge many such assertions are at most contingently true. An assertion made with an eternal sentence such as ‘fluorite struc ...
INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY
... in one way when it is controlled by a will outside of it. Similarly, an intellect can be too greatly influenced or even controlled by someone else’s will. It is plausible to say such an intellect is heteronomous. Intellectual coercion is generally thought to be impossible, as Locke observed (see not ...
... in one way when it is controlled by a will outside of it. Similarly, an intellect can be too greatly influenced or even controlled by someone else’s will. It is plausible to say such an intellect is heteronomous. Intellectual coercion is generally thought to be impossible, as Locke observed (see not ...
what is tolerance - The Richmond Philosophy Pages
... practices associated with another culture or lifestyle (if we did, the objection component would not be present) we can nevertheless see value in them and admire aspects of them. o In this sense, the kind of esteem characteristic of these intersubjective relations is something like ‘reserved esteem’ ...
... practices associated with another culture or lifestyle (if we did, the objection component would not be present) we can nevertheless see value in them and admire aspects of them. o In this sense, the kind of esteem characteristic of these intersubjective relations is something like ‘reserved esteem’ ...
Kant-The Critique of Practical Reason
... morality he has in mind. He refers to the question ‘what if everybody did that?’ which one might put to an actor. He asks whether an action would be practicable and in particular if it would lead to other rational individuals being able to operate on a basis of free will. Since a moral law can only ...
... morality he has in mind. He refers to the question ‘what if everybody did that?’ which one might put to an actor. He asks whether an action would be practicable and in particular if it would lead to other rational individuals being able to operate on a basis of free will. Since a moral law can only ...
Why Didnâ•Žt Plato Just Write Arguments? The Role of Image
... Socrates' comrades in the jail cell will soon witness will be another event entirely. Simmias admits that both he and Cebes have wanted to ask a question, but were hesitant on account of Socrates' "present misfortune" (84d). Simmias therefore prefaces his objection with the following palliative: I t ...
... Socrates' comrades in the jail cell will soon witness will be another event entirely. Simmias admits that both he and Cebes have wanted to ask a question, but were hesitant on account of Socrates' "present misfortune" (84d). Simmias therefore prefaces his objection with the following palliative: I t ...
PARADOX: THEME AND SEMIOTIC VARIATIONS* Michael Shapiro
... 6.178, 180). He frankly admitted the 'difficulty of the arithmetician who is awkward in finding an appropriate expression of that which Achilles does without the least embarrassment'. Apparently, the difficulties ...
... 6.178, 180). He frankly admitted the 'difficulty of the arithmetician who is awkward in finding an appropriate expression of that which Achilles does without the least embarrassment'. Apparently, the difficulties ...
The Moral Theories of Kant and Hume
... same in every rational being is the foundation of what is deemed to be a perfect form of moral community. The ground of self-esteem in critical morality, however, not only does not oppose one to others but affirms something which, Kant holds, is identically realized in all rational beings. In contra ...
... same in every rational being is the foundation of what is deemed to be a perfect form of moral community. The ground of self-esteem in critical morality, however, not only does not oppose one to others but affirms something which, Kant holds, is identically realized in all rational beings. In contra ...
Sunflowers, Sardines and Responsive Combodying: Three
... makes itself out of those, and so, of course, it contains (it is) information about those. But it is not about soil and water just lying out there by themselves. Rather it is much more complex information about the plant’s living with those, making itself out of them.... ...
... makes itself out of those, and so, of course, it contains (it is) information about those. But it is not about soil and water just lying out there by themselves. Rather it is much more complex information about the plant’s living with those, making itself out of them.... ...
Markie, Speckles, and Classical Foundationalism
... Rather, one is appeared to only many-speckled-ly, and when one is directly acquainted with the exemplification of that property as one has the relevant thought and awareness of the relevant correspondence, one has only noninferential justification for believing that one is appeared to many-speckled- ...
... Rather, one is appeared to only many-speckled-ly, and when one is directly acquainted with the exemplification of that property as one has the relevant thought and awareness of the relevant correspondence, one has only noninferential justification for believing that one is appeared to many-speckled- ...
Recent Criticism of Natural Law Theory
... nature) because this would, he says, require us to deny the determinate background of causality upon which the concept of free will depends. We cannot hold that we are determined (which would make us merely a part of nature) because "whether we explain it or not, [our] experience of freedom remains. ...
... nature) because this would, he says, require us to deny the determinate background of causality upon which the concept of free will depends. We cannot hold that we are determined (which would make us merely a part of nature) because "whether we explain it or not, [our] experience of freedom remains. ...
A Brief Guide
... education competing in a global market place. As this has happened, teaching portfolios have gained popularity as means of documenting good teaching both at institutional and personal levels. The extent to which teaching portfolios have become part of academic life overseas is seen in the requiremen ...
... education competing in a global market place. As this has happened, teaching portfolios have gained popularity as means of documenting good teaching both at institutional and personal levels. The extent to which teaching portfolios have become part of academic life overseas is seen in the requiremen ...
Kant`s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
... bility of genuinely practical reason yet think there is some point in trying to understand the distinction between theoretical and practical knowledge in terms of the contrast between knowledge and desire. If so, then it will seem natural to conceive of the distinction as between a mental state, or ...
... bility of genuinely practical reason yet think there is some point in trying to understand the distinction between theoretical and practical knowledge in terms of the contrast between knowledge and desire. If so, then it will seem natural to conceive of the distinction as between a mental state, or ...
Zhuangzi and the Heterogeneity of Value
... partial interests—each of which plays an irreducible, ineliminable role in our moral lives (1987, 131–150). If we look beyond moral value, Wolf (1982) famously argues that the morally most worthy life—that of a moral saint—is not necessarily the best life, all things considered. Moral value must be ...
... partial interests—each of which plays an irreducible, ineliminable role in our moral lives (1987, 131–150). If we look beyond moral value, Wolf (1982) famously argues that the morally most worthy life—that of a moral saint—is not necessarily the best life, all things considered. Moral value must be ...