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mauricio camargo t
mauricio camargo t

velocity of propagation
velocity of propagation

... We know that the speed of light in free space is 299,792,458 meters per second, which works out to 299,792,458/0.3048 = 983,571,056.43 feet per second, or 983,571,056.43/5,280 = 186,282.4 miles per second. The reciprocal of the free space value of the speed of light in feet per second is the time it ...
Unit 5: The Quantum World
Unit 5: The Quantum World

... The creation of quantum mechanics in the 1920s broke open the gates to understanding atoms, molecules, and the structure of materials. This new knowledge transformed our world. Within two decades, quantum mechanics led to the invention of the transistor to be followed by the invention of the laser, ...
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Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms 1 - ENS-phys
Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms 1 - ENS-phys

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BPUT QUESTION BANK FOR 4th SEM STUDENTS OF CS1, CS2

... Bragg’s law in crystal diffraction? 9. Explain why visible light cannot be used for study of crystal structure? 10. Write Laue conditions for crystal diffraction. 11. State Bragg’s law for crystal diffraction. 12. Write Miller indices of a plane, in a, cubic crystal which makes equal intercepts on t ...
Quantum Optics and Photonics  S. Ezekiel, S. M. Shahriar
Quantum Optics and Photonics  S. Ezekiel, S. M. Shahriar

... temperatures, this "dark resonance" has a width on the order of 10's kHz. This potentially makes it suitable for the direct measurement of ultra long optical group delays because the group delay time for a pulse that propagates one attenuation length is approximately given by to the inverse width of ...
The Causes of Color
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... niently measured in electron volts, one electron volt being the energy gained by an electron when it accelerates through a potential difference of one volt. In terms of wavelength human vision ex­ tends from about 700 nanometers, where red light grades into infrared ra­ diation, down to about 400 na ...
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Radiation and Spectra - Wayne State University

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... 6-10. Light "Rays" A. Light does not always travel a straight path since it can be reflected and refracted. B. Light appears to travel in a straight path in a uniform medium and, although light actually consists of waves, it is useful to represent light's straight line motion as lines called rays. 6 ...
Chapter 4 Polarization - University of Michigan
Chapter 4 Polarization - University of Michigan

... waves) the vectors are the electric and magnetic fields, and the light’s polarization direction is by convention along the direction of the electric field. Generally you should expect fields to have three vector components, e.g. (x,y,z), but light waves only have two non-vanishing components: the tw ...
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... atmosphere because of reflection and absorption phenomena caused by clouds, earth surface and the atmosphere itself.[4] The remaining solar energy is the most powerful renewable energy source, in fact in less than an hour arrives to the Earth more energy than was consumed by the entire world in a ye ...
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... 35 Two particles, each with a rest mass-energy of 1 Mev, collide head-on. Before the collision, each particle is moving at 12/13 the speed of light. If the energy of the collision materializes as 1 Mev particles, how many of them could there be after the collision (including the two that we started ...
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... THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: An object executes Uniform Motion, that is, it moves straight with constant velocity (or remains at rest), unless other bodies exert a finite resultant force on the object. This statement is known as Ist Newton’s Law of motion. Thus, in order to realize Uniform Motion it is c ...
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... The free electrons in the rod also move across the field, and will experience a magnetic force. With the magnetic field pointing into the paper, and the velocity of the rod to the right, the force on the electrons is downward along the wire. As a result, the electrons will flow, causing an accumulat ...
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... and the resulting atomic properties allow it to efficiently absorb laser energy in two very specific “resonant” wavelengths—a strong resonance at a wavelength of blue light and another, much weaker resonance for longer-wavelength red light. This makes strontium a promising candidate for a next-gener ...
The Michelson Interferometer
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... of electromagnetic waves. The EM wave propagates in the form of two mutually coupled vector waves, an electric-field (E) wave and a magnetic-field (M) wave.  Nevertheless, it is possible to describe many optical phenomena using a scalar wave theory (or, physical optics), in which light is described ...
Asymmetric Response in a Line of Optically Driven Metallic Nanospheres
Asymmetric Response in a Line of Optically Driven Metallic Nanospheres

... due to the finite speed of light. It is this lag that allows the MNSs to have differing phases that can coherently add or subtract at specific locations in space. It is also interesting to compare the ohmic power of the first MNS to the last one while scanning over a range of frequencies. Remember t ...
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... Wave Nature of Light • Newton (1680) believed in the particle theory of light. In reflection and refraction, light behaved as a particle. He explained the straight-line casting of sharp shadows of objects placed in a light beam. But he could not explain the textures of shadows • Young (1800) – Show ...
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EM, Waves, Modern

... other objects touch them. Show the sign of the charge on each sphere in your diagrams. 6.) What are some similarities and differences between the electric force and the gravitational force? 7.) The electric force between two charged objects is increased by a factor of 2 while the charge remains cons ...
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Unit-2-PW-Summary-Notes

... down. These make up neutrons and protons. There are two 2nd generation quarks called charm and strange. Finally there are two 3rd generation quarks called top and bottom. Each quark has only a fraction (⅓ or ⅔) of the electron charge (1.6 × 10-19 C). These particles also have other properties, such ...
Unit 2 Particles and Waves
Unit 2 Particles and Waves

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History of optics

Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά which refers to matters of vision. Optics was significantly reformed by the developments in the medieval Islamic world, such as the beginnings of physical and physiological optics, and then significantly advanced in early modern Europe, where diffractive optics began. These earlier studies on optics are now known as ""classical optics"". The term ""modern optics"" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.
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