Paper - System Dynamics Society
... of the field. It will be an opportunity to reflect on the early ideas and accomplishments of the field. This paper offers some reflections on two environmental trends from 50 years ago that help us think about the challenge of global warming. The first trend involves the cooling trend of the 1950s – ...
... of the field. It will be an opportunity to reflect on the early ideas and accomplishments of the field. This paper offers some reflections on two environmental trends from 50 years ago that help us think about the challenge of global warming. The first trend involves the cooling trend of the 1950s – ...
Ashton, P.M.S., and Larson, B.C. 1996. Germination and seedling
... sites had a daily PPF that did not exceed 10% of that in the open on sunny days (Table 1). In these understory microenvironments direct radiation in the form of sunflecks contributed between 13 and 5 1% of the daily PPF received. The low amount of daily PPF recorded for the southern understory condi ...
... sites had a daily PPF that did not exceed 10% of that in the open on sunny days (Table 1). In these understory microenvironments direct radiation in the form of sunflecks contributed between 13 and 5 1% of the daily PPF received. The low amount of daily PPF recorded for the southern understory condi ...
Wild Turkeys
... a half-acre or less to more than 10 acres. Actual size is less important than where the opening is located and what is planted there. Openings should be large enough to admit sunlight to create forage growth. For example, linear openings such as power line rights-ofway, should be at least 60 feet wi ...
... a half-acre or less to more than 10 acres. Actual size is less important than where the opening is located and what is planted there. Openings should be large enough to admit sunlight to create forage growth. For example, linear openings such as power line rights-ofway, should be at least 60 feet wi ...
Essentials of a Carbon Tax for Canada
... during the initial period when the rate is likely to be fairly low, and can be employed to address emission sources which do not readily lend themselves to the application of a carbon tax. Economic modelling shows that a substantially greater decrease in GHG emissions can be obtained when an economy ...
... during the initial period when the rate is likely to be fairly low, and can be employed to address emission sources which do not readily lend themselves to the application of a carbon tax. Economic modelling shows that a substantially greater decrease in GHG emissions can be obtained when an economy ...
Long-term trends in native mammal capture rates in a jarrah forest in
... in the wheatbelt region of Western Australia has also had an immediate adverse impact on native fauna, because of loss of habitat alone. Unlike the wheatbelt region, where about 94% of the original vegetation has been cleared, the south-western Australian forests are relatively intact. While there h ...
... in the wheatbelt region of Western Australia has also had an immediate adverse impact on native fauna, because of loss of habitat alone. Unlike the wheatbelt region, where about 94% of the original vegetation has been cleared, the south-western Australian forests are relatively intact. While there h ...
Technical Assessment of the Carbon
... care of managed U.S. turfgrasses. While the overall response to increasing carbon in the atmosphere will no doubt require many different prevention, stabilizing, and mitigation approaches, this study shows that even the household lawn, and other managed turfgrass areas, if properly cared for and mai ...
... care of managed U.S. turfgrasses. While the overall response to increasing carbon in the atmosphere will no doubt require many different prevention, stabilizing, and mitigation approaches, this study shows that even the household lawn, and other managed turfgrass areas, if properly cared for and mai ...
Tropical Forest Food Chain
... usable edible food is lost. Therefore, while an insect may obtain all it needs from a single tree, a lion needs hundreds of acres in order to survive. Due to the fact that existing resources in ecosystems are shared, the feeding relationships in these are very complex and occur in a branching fashio ...
... usable edible food is lost. Therefore, while an insect may obtain all it needs from a single tree, a lion needs hundreds of acres in order to survive. Due to the fact that existing resources in ecosystems are shared, the feeding relationships in these are very complex and occur in a branching fashio ...
Sycamore Floodplain Forest - Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program
... Susquehanna drainage. Differences in soils, site hydrology, stream order and landscape position, and other factors contribute to differences in species composition between this type, primarily found in the Ohio Basin and the similar Sycamore – Mixed Hardwood Floodplain Forest type associated with th ...
... Susquehanna drainage. Differences in soils, site hydrology, stream order and landscape position, and other factors contribute to differences in species composition between this type, primarily found in the Ohio Basin and the similar Sycamore – Mixed Hardwood Floodplain Forest type associated with th ...
canopy tours celebrates 10 years in the treetops
... mountain ranges at the world - estimated to be 2,500 million years old. The Magaliesberg Mountains are home to a wide variety of plant, animal and birdlife – watch out for the shy klipspringer jumping from rock to rock below you or look up to spot an endangered black eagle circling above. The Magoeb ...
... mountain ranges at the world - estimated to be 2,500 million years old. The Magaliesberg Mountains are home to a wide variety of plant, animal and birdlife – watch out for the shy klipspringer jumping from rock to rock below you or look up to spot an endangered black eagle circling above. The Magoeb ...
Unit 3 notes - novacentral.ca
... Producer: a plant which can synthesize carbohydrates using carbon dioxide and the sun’s energy. o for example in figure 6.3 on page 94 all the plants, like Duck weed, Willow, cat tails etc. are producers and convert the sun's energy into carbohydrates (food energy) for all other organisms in the eco ...
... Producer: a plant which can synthesize carbohydrates using carbon dioxide and the sun’s energy. o for example in figure 6.3 on page 94 all the plants, like Duck weed, Willow, cat tails etc. are producers and convert the sun's energy into carbohydrates (food energy) for all other organisms in the eco ...
All these species depend on mangroves for their survival.
... Mangrove forests are made up of mangrove trees which are salt tolerant, evergreen plants. Mangroves provide protected nurseries for fishes, crustaceans and shellfish; food for marine life and humans; and refuge for many species of birds. This makes up an unique ecosystem where the land and the sea m ...
... Mangrove forests are made up of mangrove trees which are salt tolerant, evergreen plants. Mangroves provide protected nurseries for fishes, crustaceans and shellfish; food for marine life and humans; and refuge for many species of birds. This makes up an unique ecosystem where the land and the sea m ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability
... 12) Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more stable than ecosystems with low biodiversity. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
... 12) Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more stable than ecosystems with low biodiversity. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
2 Andean montane forests and climate change
... In 2001 we collected six further samples and conducted a blind study. The six unlabelled samples were given to the analyst (Weng) to determine the accuracy with which they could be placed into the data set (Figure 2.1). From these results we determined that our accuracy in assigning an elevation to ...
... In 2001 we collected six further samples and conducted a blind study. The six unlabelled samples were given to the analyst (Weng) to determine the accuracy with which they could be placed into the data set (Figure 2.1). From these results we determined that our accuracy in assigning an elevation to ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation - Arkansas Forest Resources Center
... the remaining patches of original forest are still large. This process of landscape subdivision repeats itself at finer and finer scales until the landscape shifts to one predominated by cleared land, with patches of isolated forest (Figure 1c). Eventually, all of the landscape may be converted for ...
... the remaining patches of original forest are still large. This process of landscape subdivision repeats itself at finer and finer scales until the landscape shifts to one predominated by cleared land, with patches of isolated forest (Figure 1c). Eventually, all of the landscape may be converted for ...
Ecological Questions
... Ecological Problems An individual has placed an editorial in the community newspaper stating that the local recycling program should be discontinued. Respond to this editorial by explaining the importance of the local recycling program for the environment. In your explanation be sure to: • state one ...
... Ecological Problems An individual has placed an editorial in the community newspaper stating that the local recycling program should be discontinued. Respond to this editorial by explaining the importance of the local recycling program for the environment. In your explanation be sure to: • state one ...
Tree Regeneration in Response to Prescribed Fire, Thinning, and
... •The combination of burning and shelterwood silvicultural practices may promote the abundance of pine seedlings, but the two species appear to respond very differently to a range of burning and thinning activites. •Shelterwood treatments resulted in the lowest abundance of incense-cedar, but white f ...
... •The combination of burning and shelterwood silvicultural practices may promote the abundance of pine seedlings, but the two species appear to respond very differently to a range of burning and thinning activites. •Shelterwood treatments resulted in the lowest abundance of incense-cedar, but white f ...
Quaternary Vegetation Distribution
... component of Quaternary vegetation dynamics, within-range changes in abundance are equally significant. The range of spruce (approximated by the 5% pollen contour in Figure 1) has been relatively stable during the middle to late Holocene, but the area of highest abundance shifted from western to eas ...
... component of Quaternary vegetation dynamics, within-range changes in abundance are equally significant. The range of spruce (approximated by the 5% pollen contour in Figure 1) has been relatively stable during the middle to late Holocene, but the area of highest abundance shifted from western to eas ...
A Review of Endemic Species in the Eastern Arc Afromontane Region
... which correspond to physical barriers. Such barriers include rocky escarpments and forest gaps (Burgess et al., 2007). The combination of both genetically ancient and newly evolved species in the same area indicates that the Eastern Arc is both a center of ongoing evolution, as well as a museum of a ...
... which correspond to physical barriers. Such barriers include rocky escarpments and forest gaps (Burgess et al., 2007). The combination of both genetically ancient and newly evolved species in the same area indicates that the Eastern Arc is both a center of ongoing evolution, as well as a museum of a ...
Milkwood forests under attack by gypsy moths
... E. metathennes, a useful comparison can be made with a very destructive species of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar which is a major pest in North America where it was introduced more than a century ago from Europe and Asia. In its new country, it feeds on more than 100 species of woody plants (although ...
... E. metathennes, a useful comparison can be made with a very destructive species of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar which is a major pest in North America where it was introduced more than a century ago from Europe and Asia. In its new country, it feeds on more than 100 species of woody plants (although ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... Box 2. Policy Concerns over REDD Concerns that REDD policies would be implemented in a way that does not achieve the anticipated emissions reductions and may conflict with other social and environmental objectives. Achieving the expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical ...
... Box 2. Policy Concerns over REDD Concerns that REDD policies would be implemented in a way that does not achieve the anticipated emissions reductions and may conflict with other social and environmental objectives. Achieving the expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical ...
Re-defining native woodland
... bear little relation to the potential environmental climax of a site. This is certainly the case for woodland where the structure and composition of vegetation reflects a continuous process of response to and recovery from disturbance. Since trees are typically very long lived organisms, disturbance ...
... bear little relation to the potential environmental climax of a site. This is certainly the case for woodland where the structure and composition of vegetation reflects a continuous process of response to and recovery from disturbance. Since trees are typically very long lived organisms, disturbance ...
Forest Ecology Terminology - College of Natural Resources and
... BOG: A peat-forming, poorly-drained land with surface vegetation of mosses and shrubs, that is usually highly acid and nutrient-poor due to its main source of water solely as rain. BRYOPHYTES: Non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. BUSH: A general term outside the United Ki ...
... BOG: A peat-forming, poorly-drained land with surface vegetation of mosses and shrubs, that is usually highly acid and nutrient-poor due to its main source of water solely as rain. BRYOPHYTES: Non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. BUSH: A general term outside the United Ki ...
Relative Importance of Seed-Bank and Post
... the seed bank. (3) Young gaps may not be attractive to biotic dispersers like birds and bats, since in gaps these organisms may face high predation risks and low levels of resources (Schupp et al. 1989). Nevertheless, bats continue to be the most important agents of dispersion in open areas because ...
... the seed bank. (3) Young gaps may not be attractive to biotic dispersers like birds and bats, since in gaps these organisms may face high predation risks and low levels of resources (Schupp et al. 1989). Nevertheless, bats continue to be the most important agents of dispersion in open areas because ...
Does tree canopy closure moderate the effect of climate warming on
... (leading to forest canopy closure) are scarce in comparison to those in high-elevation vegetation. This is even more so in Asia, where long-term studies of temperate vegetation change are very scarce (but see Bai et al. 2011; Yu & Sun 2013) and the effect of macroclimatic warming coupled with a dens ...
... (leading to forest canopy closure) are scarce in comparison to those in high-elevation vegetation. This is even more so in Asia, where long-term studies of temperate vegetation change are very scarce (but see Bai et al. 2011; Yu & Sun 2013) and the effect of macroclimatic warming coupled with a dens ...
Biome - Effingham County Schools
... Get yourself ready for class – don’t make me tell you to get ready Listen when teacher is talking At end of class, stay seated until bell rings ...
... Get yourself ready for class – don’t make me tell you to get ready Listen when teacher is talking At end of class, stay seated until bell rings ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.