How do we grow trees with today`s deer populations?
... here in Wisconsin. This was due References: White-tailed deerpredators of grassland birds-USGS mostly to the change in plant life brought on by the deer, rather than DeCalesta, D.S. 1994. Effect of White-Tailed Deer on Songbirds Within Managed Forests direct predation of nestlings. in Pennsylvania. ...
... here in Wisconsin. This was due References: White-tailed deerpredators of grassland birds-USGS mostly to the change in plant life brought on by the deer, rather than DeCalesta, D.S. 1994. Effect of White-Tailed Deer on Songbirds Within Managed Forests direct predation of nestlings. in Pennsylvania. ...
Abstract, 1. Introduction, 2. Methodology and 3. Ecological character
... In the present study, T WINSPAN was used to classify sites according to canopy vegetation composition, as determined from field surveys. Abundance categories of canopy species were coded numerically in the data set as follows: 4 - Abundant (> 50% of the canopy); 3 - Common (20–50%); 2 - Frequent (5– ...
... In the present study, T WINSPAN was used to classify sites according to canopy vegetation composition, as determined from field surveys. Abundance categories of canopy species were coded numerically in the data set as follows: 4 - Abundant (> 50% of the canopy); 3 - Common (20–50%); 2 - Frequent (5– ...
Response of northeastern North American forests to
... Abstract: Plant species distribution and plant community composition vary along environmental gradients. At the continental scale, climate plays a major role in determining plant distribution, while at the local and regional scales vegetation patterns are more strongly related to edaphic and topogra ...
... Abstract: Plant species distribution and plant community composition vary along environmental gradients. At the continental scale, climate plays a major role in determining plant distribution, while at the local and regional scales vegetation patterns are more strongly related to edaphic and topogra ...
Durham Research Online
... This is the accepted version of the following article: H olting, M., Bovolo, C. I. and Ernst, R. (2016), Facing complexity in tropical conservation: how reduced impact logging and climatic extremes aect beta diversity in tropical amphibian ...
... This is the accepted version of the following article: H olting, M., Bovolo, C. I. and Ernst, R. (2016), Facing complexity in tropical conservation: how reduced impact logging and climatic extremes aect beta diversity in tropical amphibian ...
Water and Carbon Cycles 3 days
... “Carbon is life and food, and moves from atmosphere to plants and soils and back in a grand cycle that is sometimes called the circle of life; a circle that encompasses the living and the dead. Soil Carbon Coalition 2013 Since the Industrial Revolution human activity has been dramatically upsetting ...
... “Carbon is life and food, and moves from atmosphere to plants and soils and back in a grand cycle that is sometimes called the circle of life; a circle that encompasses the living and the dead. Soil Carbon Coalition 2013 Since the Industrial Revolution human activity has been dramatically upsetting ...
air traffic controls: the hidden costs of a new london runway
... lower-carbon technologies. But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation wi ...
... lower-carbon technologies. But in the aviation sector, no such step-change alternatives are available, and the scope for rapidly improving efficiency is restricted due to technological limits and structural features of the market such as fleet operating life. Therefore, carbon pricing in aviation wi ...
Unit 3 Sustainable Ecosystems
... The islanders prospered due to these advantages, and a reflection of this is the religion which sprouted in their leisure, which had at its centerpiece the giant moai, or heads, that are the island's most distinctive feature today. These moai, which the island is littered with, are supposed to have ...
... The islanders prospered due to these advantages, and a reflection of this is the religion which sprouted in their leisure, which had at its centerpiece the giant moai, or heads, that are the island's most distinctive feature today. These moai, which the island is littered with, are supposed to have ...
Conscious uncoupling? Low Carbon Economy Index 2015 October 2015 1.3%
... rise. The carbon intensity of the global economy has fallen on average by 1.3% each year since 2000, driven by energy efficiency improvements and the shift to less carbon intense service sectors. This is despite the growth of coal in the energy mix from 25% to 30% over that period. The 2014 numbers ...
... rise. The carbon intensity of the global economy has fallen on average by 1.3% each year since 2000, driven by energy efficiency improvements and the shift to less carbon intense service sectors. This is despite the growth of coal in the energy mix from 25% to 30% over that period. The 2014 numbers ...
Appropriate Actions for Woodland Management
... Probably common historically, but rare under current conditions – PJ Open Woodland 4b. Most precipitation falls during winter. Sagebrush or oak co-dominate with the P-J, but the shrub species may be crowded out under current conditions. This type often found in small patches that can be difficult to ...
... Probably common historically, but rare under current conditions – PJ Open Woodland 4b. Most precipitation falls during winter. Sagebrush or oak co-dominate with the P-J, but the shrub species may be crowded out under current conditions. This type often found in small patches that can be difficult to ...
Herbivores Promote Habitat Specialization by Trees in Amazonian
... tions to different abiotic conditions (5–7 ). But herbivores have been shown to affect plant population dynamics in many ways, including plant distributions (8–10). The best way to test the effect of herbivores on plant distributions is with transplant experiments involving multiple species, but few ...
... tions to different abiotic conditions (5–7 ). But herbivores have been shown to affect plant population dynamics in many ways, including plant distributions (8–10). The best way to test the effect of herbivores on plant distributions is with transplant experiments involving multiple species, but few ...
Using Ecological Land Classification
... size of a given species (Andren, 1994). With this and other relevant literature, it is safe to assume that increased habitat fragmentation and isolation of patches directly correlates to a decline in the population of the species. Patch occupancy remains a large problem for species however. Most spe ...
... size of a given species (Andren, 1994). With this and other relevant literature, it is safe to assume that increased habitat fragmentation and isolation of patches directly correlates to a decline in the population of the species. Patch occupancy remains a large problem for species however. Most spe ...
Andean montane forests and climate change
... Under such warm conditions the change in the elevation of cloudbase may have been greater than the upslope expansion of the montane forest, creating a narrower total elevational range supporting montane forest. Contrastingly, during the glacial periods, montane forest species invaded downslope in re ...
... Under such warm conditions the change in the elevation of cloudbase may have been greater than the upslope expansion of the montane forest, creating a narrower total elevational range supporting montane forest. Contrastingly, during the glacial periods, montane forest species invaded downslope in re ...
Pacific Northwest Forested Wetland Literature Survey
... o Little research has been published regarding Timber Management’s effect on PNW forested wetland hydrology, vegetation changes, soils, and wildlife. o Most literature discussed is based on upland communities, riparian communities, or forested wetlands in other regions. ...
... o Little research has been published regarding Timber Management’s effect on PNW forested wetland hydrology, vegetation changes, soils, and wildlife. o Most literature discussed is based on upland communities, riparian communities, or forested wetlands in other regions. ...
View/Open
... In an effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel burning, renewable energy policies have promoted ‘carbon neutral’ biomass as an energy source. Carbon flux from burning biomass is often legislated or simply assumed to be carbon neutral as subsequent growth sequesters carbon fro ...
... In an effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel burning, renewable energy policies have promoted ‘carbon neutral’ biomass as an energy source. Carbon flux from burning biomass is often legislated or simply assumed to be carbon neutral as subsequent growth sequesters carbon fro ...
Future deforestation in the Amazon and consequences
... particular, may drive deforestation either directly through the clearing of forest to plant crops, or indirectly through the displacement of existing pasture land leading to further clearing for new pasture land (Nepstad et al., 2008; Barona et al., 2010). The effect of evapo-transpiration on local ...
... particular, may drive deforestation either directly through the clearing of forest to plant crops, or indirectly through the displacement of existing pasture land leading to further clearing for new pasture land (Nepstad et al., 2008; Barona et al., 2010). The effect of evapo-transpiration on local ...
Understanding the Natural World - University of Illinois Extension
... As chemical energy is used by plant and animal tissue, it is eventually converted to heat. The energy is not wasted, but is used to maintain body-temperature in warmblooded animals. In this way, energy can be said to flow through a system. Organisms that are capable of harvesting energy from inorg ...
... As chemical energy is used by plant and animal tissue, it is eventually converted to heat. The energy is not wasted, but is used to maintain body-temperature in warmblooded animals. In this way, energy can be said to flow through a system. Organisms that are capable of harvesting energy from inorg ...
Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to
... that global-scale models do not capture these processes (Hayhoe et al. 2006). Using observed regional climate relationships to adjust the output of nine global-scale climate models, Hayhoe et al. (2006) developed projections for the future climate of northeastern North America. Results suggest that ...
... that global-scale models do not capture these processes (Hayhoe et al. 2006). Using observed regional climate relationships to adjust the output of nine global-scale climate models, Hayhoe et al. (2006) developed projections for the future climate of northeastern North America. Results suggest that ...
Middle Rio Grande Basin
... species that relied on floods to regenerate, such as cottonwoods and willows, declined. The exotic trees, such as saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), thrived and became dominant in the bosque, forming dense dry thickets that could easily burn. Fish that were o ...
... species that relied on floods to regenerate, such as cottonwoods and willows, declined. The exotic trees, such as saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), thrived and became dominant in the bosque, forming dense dry thickets that could easily burn. Fish that were o ...
Neutral Ecological Theory Reveals Isolation and Rapid Speciation
... diversity, but its diversity patterns contrast strongly with other high-diversity areas, including the Amazon rain forest. With its extremely high levels of endemism and species turnover, fynbos is made up of dissimilar local communities that are species-rich but relatively poor in rare species. Usi ...
... diversity, but its diversity patterns contrast strongly with other high-diversity areas, including the Amazon rain forest. With its extremely high levels of endemism and species turnover, fynbos is made up of dissimilar local communities that are species-rich but relatively poor in rare species. Usi ...
Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements
... where ca and co are respectively the partial pressures of CO in the atmosphere and ocean at a given location. K parametrizes the eect of the wind speed on the gas transfer velocity, using the formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO ...
... where ca and co are respectively the partial pressures of CO in the atmosphere and ocean at a given location. K parametrizes the eect of the wind speed on the gas transfer velocity, using the formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO ...
Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity
... or species likely to be most threatened by climate change and compare adaptation options, but most are more general; scoping impacts, identifying major barriers to action, and discussing key issues needed for decision-making. Even when highly vulnerable species and ecosystems have been identified, co ...
... or species likely to be most threatened by climate change and compare adaptation options, but most are more general; scoping impacts, identifying major barriers to action, and discussing key issues needed for decision-making. Even when highly vulnerable species and ecosystems have been identified, co ...
10 Years of Advancing Knowledge on the Global Carbon Cycle and
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
... The Global Carbon Project (GCP) was established in 2001 in recognition of the enormous scientific challenge and critical nature of the carbon cycle for the Earth’s sustainability. It was formed to establish a framework for international coordinated research on the global carbon cycle that advances f ...
Carbon sequestration as an integral part of watershed management
... The world’s watersheds face a wide variety of stresses that threaten to degrade their biological value and their ability to provide ecosystem services (World Resources Institute, 1998 and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Prominent among the pressures faced by watershed include high population ...
... The world’s watersheds face a wide variety of stresses that threaten to degrade their biological value and their ability to provide ecosystem services (World Resources Institute, 1998 and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Prominent among the pressures faced by watershed include high population ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.