Case study no 16: Climate change research
... affects species, as this is essential for devising conservation solutions to help species to adapt. In upland habitats, we found that warmer, drier Augusts result in reduced cranefly abundances the following spring. Several moorland bird species feed on craneflies during the breeding season, and can ...
... affects species, as this is essential for devising conservation solutions to help species to adapt. In upland habitats, we found that warmer, drier Augusts result in reduced cranefly abundances the following spring. Several moorland bird species feed on craneflies during the breeding season, and can ...
News
... In April, the IPRC welcomed University of Tokyo Emeritus Professor Toshio Yamagata. Yamagata was the leader among the Japanese scientists who conceived of a joint US–Japan research enterprise to study climate and climate change. His efforts were crucial to the founding of IPRC in 1997. From 1997 to ...
... In April, the IPRC welcomed University of Tokyo Emeritus Professor Toshio Yamagata. Yamagata was the leader among the Japanese scientists who conceived of a joint US–Japan research enterprise to study climate and climate change. His efforts were crucial to the founding of IPRC in 1997. From 1997 to ...
Nine Facts About Climate Change
... of North America and northwestern Europe melted, and sea levels rose about 130 metres (as occurred most recently between 19,000 and 11,000 years ago), global temperatures rose to a level that was slightly warmer than current temperatures. Despite the significant natural increase in carbon dioxide an ...
... of North America and northwestern Europe melted, and sea levels rose about 130 metres (as occurred most recently between 19,000 and 11,000 years ago), global temperatures rose to a level that was slightly warmer than current temperatures. Despite the significant natural increase in carbon dioxide an ...
Making land-use climate
... development and land-use that the local governments planed. Participatory rapid appraisal activities, specifically the key informant and focus group discussions and the participatory mapping, were conducted with representatives from the four local governments. About 30 officials participated in the ...
... development and land-use that the local governments planed. Participatory rapid appraisal activities, specifically the key informant and focus group discussions and the participatory mapping, were conducted with representatives from the four local governments. About 30 officials participated in the ...
Climate Change and Aquatic Animal Health in Virginia: Effects and
... onset of serious drought, which reduced stream-flows and elevated bay salinities.5 Continued warming and increasing salinities, because of drought and sea level rise, are envisioned for the coming decades,6,7 and elevated temperatures in particular will increase P. marinus activity: extending its se ...
... onset of serious drought, which reduced stream-flows and elevated bay salinities.5 Continued warming and increasing salinities, because of drought and sea level rise, are envisioned for the coming decades,6,7 and elevated temperatures in particular will increase P. marinus activity: extending its se ...
future. Climate science and hypotheses about climate change and man’s... climate figure prominently in the news and popular culture. However,... Climate Science
... Catalog Description: Earth’s climate has changed in the past and will change in the future. Climate science and hypotheses about climate change and man’s effects on climate figure prominently in the news and popular culture. However, forces and feedbacks impacting climate are poorly understood by th ...
... Catalog Description: Earth’s climate has changed in the past and will change in the future. Climate science and hypotheses about climate change and man’s effects on climate figure prominently in the news and popular culture. However, forces and feedbacks impacting climate are poorly understood by th ...
Glossary
... or some of its known properties. The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity (i.e., for any one component or combination of components a hierarchy of models can be identified, differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemi ...
... or some of its known properties. The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity (i.e., for any one component or combination of components a hierarchy of models can be identified, differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemi ...
Climate Change and Aquatic Diseases
... onset of serious drought, which reduced stream-flows and elevated bay salinities.5 Continued warming and increasing salinities, because of drought and sea level rise, are envisioned for the coming decades,6,7 and elevated temperatures in particular will increase P. marinus activity: extending its se ...
... onset of serious drought, which reduced stream-flows and elevated bay salinities.5 Continued warming and increasing salinities, because of drought and sea level rise, are envisioned for the coming decades,6,7 and elevated temperatures in particular will increase P. marinus activity: extending its se ...
based Climate Change Policy in Japan
... billion USD has already been invested from Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2014. Mitigation to climate change is another important aspect for responding climate change and can be more cost-effective if using an integrated approach that combines measures to reduce energy use and the GHG intensity of end-use sector ...
... billion USD has already been invested from Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2014. Mitigation to climate change is another important aspect for responding climate change and can be more cost-effective if using an integrated approach that combines measures to reduce energy use and the GHG intensity of end-use sector ...
Attribution of climate extreme events
... of media attention. Consider the widely publicized event dubbed ‘snowmaggedon’, in Washington DC on 5–6 February 201020. Key features included (i) it was winter and there was plenty of cold continental air; (ii) there was a storm in the right place; and (iii) the unusually high SSTs in the tropica ...
... of media attention. Consider the widely publicized event dubbed ‘snowmaggedon’, in Washington DC on 5–6 February 201020. Key features included (i) it was winter and there was plenty of cold continental air; (ii) there was a storm in the right place; and (iii) the unusually high SSTs in the tropica ...
Estimated PDFs of climate system properties including natural and
... intervals are 1.9 to 4.7 K, 0.02 to 2.9 cm2/s, and 0.65 to 0.07 W/m2 for S, Kv, and Faer, respectively. We note that our PDF for S has a similar shape to PDFs in other studies [e.g., Knutti et al., 2003], although our results differ significantly in having a higher lower bound on S. [15] Our new e ...
... intervals are 1.9 to 4.7 K, 0.02 to 2.9 cm2/s, and 0.65 to 0.07 W/m2 for S, Kv, and Faer, respectively. We note that our PDF for S has a similar shape to PDFs in other studies [e.g., Knutti et al., 2003], although our results differ significantly in having a higher lower bound on S. [15] Our new e ...
Use and Abuse of Excess CO2 – An Overview
... 40 years earlier, the rise was only 0.9 ppm/yr. This shows a rapid acceleration of concentrations. The increase of concentration from pre-industrial concentrations of 280 ppm has almost doubled in just the last 33 years. Natural sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide include volcanic outgassing, the ...
... 40 years earlier, the rise was only 0.9 ppm/yr. This shows a rapid acceleration of concentrations. The increase of concentration from pre-industrial concentrations of 280 ppm has almost doubled in just the last 33 years. Natural sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide include volcanic outgassing, the ...
Study Session 9 Introduction to Climate Change
... global problem that is having widespread effects on the weather on every continent and in every nation. It is altering environments and impacting on biodiversity, human health and sustainable economic and social development. We begin this study session by introducing some key terms and concepts in c ...
... global problem that is having widespread effects on the weather on every continent and in every nation. It is altering environments and impacting on biodiversity, human health and sustainable economic and social development. We begin this study session by introducing some key terms and concepts in c ...
Planetary Heat Sink Uncouples Temperature Increase from Rising
... The current hiatus in terms of global climate change has been linked to a greater phenomenon of a change in climate than seen in previous historical trends. The globe was rising in temper ...
... The current hiatus in terms of global climate change has been linked to a greater phenomenon of a change in climate than seen in previous historical trends. The globe was rising in temper ...
... behaviors in ways that become part of the solution. We Need Less Dependence on Fossil Fuels, More Conservation & Renewable Energies Pollution caused by fossil fuels is known to deplete the ozone layer as well as increase the Green House Gas Emissions that are helping to drive global warming. Fossil ...
climate crime file
... When President Bush announced that the US would be pulling out of the Kyoto Protocol in March 2001, there were many clues that the fossil fuel industry was behind his policy. One company stands out from the rest in its efforts to bring about Bush’s climate climb-down. Esso (known as ExxonMobil in th ...
... When President Bush announced that the US would be pulling out of the Kyoto Protocol in March 2001, there were many clues that the fossil fuel industry was behind his policy. One company stands out from the rest in its efforts to bring about Bush’s climate climb-down. Esso (known as ExxonMobil in th ...
Climate change and invasive animals
... foxes on declining species, by removing protective vegetation cover.13 Predation after fires is believed to be reducing numbers of the endangered eastern bristlebird,14 and probably contributed to the disappearance of numbats from arid Australia.15 In Victoria, predation of endangered pygmy possums i ...
... foxes on declining species, by removing protective vegetation cover.13 Predation after fires is believed to be reducing numbers of the endangered eastern bristlebird,14 and probably contributed to the disappearance of numbats from arid Australia.15 In Victoria, predation of endangered pygmy possums i ...
Observing climate change trends in ocean
... example of ALOHA 20 years of data – are the observed trends due to climate change? Our analysis suggests that for SST need 13 years, chl 29 years, and PP 26 years of data to distinguish genuine climate trend from natural variability ...
... example of ALOHA 20 years of data – are the observed trends due to climate change? Our analysis suggests that for SST need 13 years, chl 29 years, and PP 26 years of data to distinguish genuine climate trend from natural variability ...
Forecast: Warmer Waters
... pike, will become more productive for cool-water species. However, because these game fish depend on cold-water prey species such as tullibee, the temperature shift could cause cascading effects that are difficult to predict, Pereira says. For example, if carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles in ...
... pike, will become more productive for cool-water species. However, because these game fish depend on cold-water prey species such as tullibee, the temperature shift could cause cascading effects that are difficult to predict, Pereira says. For example, if carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles in ...
Table of Contents: Clouds Impact Climate Change
... Jeff describes his own thought process as a surmounting of successive walls. The first wall presents itself when initially contemplating a problem. Jeff does background reading and data gathering, immersing himself in the area he is interested in. This, the conventional "textbook" science, is the ne ...
... Jeff describes his own thought process as a surmounting of successive walls. The first wall presents itself when initially contemplating a problem. Jeff does background reading and data gathering, immersing himself in the area he is interested in. This, the conventional "textbook" science, is the ne ...
Malnutrition and climate vulnerability in Africa
... Defining food security and climate change impact Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs, and their food preferences are met for an active and healthy life (World Food Summit, 1996). Ana ...
... Defining food security and climate change impact Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs, and their food preferences are met for an active and healthy life (World Food Summit, 1996). Ana ...
The world beyond two degrees: where do we stand?
... to use 2°C as a critical limit for climate policy was made by the economist, W. D. Nordhaus12. Later in 1996, the European Council adopted it as a driving climate policy. The council states that: ‘Given the serious risk of such an increase and particularly the very high rate of change, the council b ...
... to use 2°C as a critical limit for climate policy was made by the economist, W. D. Nordhaus12. Later in 1996, the European Council adopted it as a driving climate policy. The council states that: ‘Given the serious risk of such an increase and particularly the very high rate of change, the council b ...
Climate change in the National Curriculum in England: Submission to a consultation by the Department for Education (102 kB) (opens in new window)
... observed that the Earth is warmer than it otherwise would be due to the trapping of heat by its atmosphere, more than 150 years since John Tyndall’s experiments showed that carbon dioxide and water vapour are greenhouse gases, and over 100 years since Svante Arrhenius published the first calculation ...
... observed that the Earth is warmer than it otherwise would be due to the trapping of heat by its atmosphere, more than 150 years since John Tyndall’s experiments showed that carbon dioxide and water vapour are greenhouse gases, and over 100 years since Svante Arrhenius published the first calculation ...
Climate change in the United States
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.