![Words](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010420478_1-a292143a42015e02e24cd55e6ee35ff6-300x300.png)
Policy Update on 2°C Warming
... The European Union (CEU, 1996: 2004; CEC, 2005; 2007) has set a goal for limiting global warming to 2°C relative to pre-industrial levels, recognising that the failure to do so could put the world at substantial risk of dangerous climate change. These concerns have been recognised by the G8 (G8, 200 ...
... The European Union (CEU, 1996: 2004; CEC, 2005; 2007) has set a goal for limiting global warming to 2°C relative to pre-industrial levels, recognising that the failure to do so could put the world at substantial risk of dangerous climate change. These concerns have been recognised by the G8 (G8, 200 ...
PROXY MEMORANDUM To: Marathon Petroleum Corporation
... are carbon-based transportation fuels that produce significant greenhouse gas emissions. 15 Globally, demand for petroleum-based fuels will have to fall significantly by mid-century to meet the 2-degree goal of the Paris Agreement: the U.S. Mid-Century Strategy for Deep Decarbonization, released las ...
... are carbon-based transportation fuels that produce significant greenhouse gas emissions. 15 Globally, demand for petroleum-based fuels will have to fall significantly by mid-century to meet the 2-degree goal of the Paris Agreement: the U.S. Mid-Century Strategy for Deep Decarbonization, released las ...
SPONSORING “GREEN” SUBJECTS: THE WORLD BANK’S 2009 YOUTH ESSAY CONTEST CHAPTER 14.
... time, the use of the passive voice (has been identified, can be attributed) implies that the stance of the author is unclear. Moreover, the problem of attributing causality to “extreme climate phenomena” becomes apparent in the clause qualifying “human activity.” Although the sentence ultimately asc ...
... time, the use of the passive voice (has been identified, can be attributed) implies that the stance of the author is unclear. Moreover, the problem of attributing causality to “extreme climate phenomena” becomes apparent in the clause qualifying “human activity.” Although the sentence ultimately asc ...
The Not-So-Green Habits of Hollywood Gasbags
... on a chartered 747, according to The New York Post — just to attend two separate parties. According to The Daily Mail (UK), “even if he flew on a commercial jet for all of flights, his carbon footprint so far [September 23] in 2014 would be a minimum of 40 million metric tons of CO2 spewed into the ...
... on a chartered 747, according to The New York Post — just to attend two separate parties. According to The Daily Mail (UK), “even if he flew on a commercial jet for all of flights, his carbon footprint so far [September 23] in 2014 would be a minimum of 40 million metric tons of CO2 spewed into the ...
Impact of Climate Change on Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Health
... last 40 years were analyzed and allowed us to make forecast on this area. The past (1990-2000), the present (2001-2011), and the future (2012-2022) were considered in the hypotheses. Results: It has been found that Douala like some large cities of Africa is already and will be severely hit of advant ...
... last 40 years were analyzed and allowed us to make forecast on this area. The past (1990-2000), the present (2001-2011), and the future (2012-2022) were considered in the hypotheses. Results: It has been found that Douala like some large cities of Africa is already and will be severely hit of advant ...
Assessment of impacts on ground water resources in Libya
... and combat some water supplies in vulnerable areas that are becoming unusable due to the penetration of salt water into coastal aquifers (Jifara Plain, Sirt, Jebal El-Akhdar). Finally, a number of Global Climate Models (GCM) are reviewed to demonstrate that how better understanding of climate and cl ...
... and combat some water supplies in vulnerable areas that are becoming unusable due to the penetration of salt water into coastal aquifers (Jifara Plain, Sirt, Jebal El-Akhdar). Finally, a number of Global Climate Models (GCM) are reviewed to demonstrate that how better understanding of climate and cl ...
20090302_SPM_Discuss..
... “most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations”. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continentalaverage temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns (Sl ...
... “most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations”. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continentalaverage temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns (Sl ...
Cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa: measuring the impact on climate change adaptation
... to increases in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Together with higher temperatures, climate change is expected to result in increasingly unpredictable and variable rainfall both in amount and timing, changing seasonal patterns and an increasing frequency of extreme weather events. As a ...
... to increases in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Together with higher temperatures, climate change is expected to result in increasingly unpredictable and variable rainfall both in amount and timing, changing seasonal patterns and an increasing frequency of extreme weather events. As a ...
Projecting australian climate change
... deviations can be significant. The role of human influence can be attributed with some confidence. Global average temperature is one such factor. Changes in climate variables such as rainfall, which can exhibit high interannual and interseasonal variability, are much harder to attribute in this way. ...
... deviations can be significant. The role of human influence can be attributed with some confidence. Global average temperature is one such factor. Changes in climate variables such as rainfall, which can exhibit high interannual and interseasonal variability, are much harder to attribute in this way. ...
Didier Soto (EPOC)
... An ongoing local adaptation policy, which is currently facing several scientific and technical barriers ...
... An ongoing local adaptation policy, which is currently facing several scientific and technical barriers ...
Climate Change - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... Climate Change Q& A 1 Is the climate warming? ............................................................................................................................ 3 2 How do scientists know that recent climate change is largely caused by human activities? .............. 5 3 CO2 is already ...
... Climate Change Q& A 1 Is the climate warming? ............................................................................................................................ 3 2 How do scientists know that recent climate change is largely caused by human activities? .............. 5 3 CO2 is already ...
From efficiency to justice: utility as the informational basis of climate change strategies, and some alternatives: Working Paper 13 (418 kB) (opens in new window)
... are rather instructive for the present purposes. First, studies have varied in the predictions they have made about the (undiscounted) costs and benefits of adaptation and mitigation. Some studies are essentially optimistic that the economic impacts of climate change will be relatively low, due to a ...
... are rather instructive for the present purposes. First, studies have varied in the predictions they have made about the (undiscounted) costs and benefits of adaptation and mitigation. Some studies are essentially optimistic that the economic impacts of climate change will be relatively low, due to a ...
The social cost of atmospheric release
... uncertainty associated with climate sensitivity. GDP increases at 2±1 %yr−1, as in SRES scenarios, giving a mean 2100 value of $355 trillion, consistent with USG 2013. Reference temperature change follows a business-as-usual trend with projected increases of 0.015 °C yr−1 (as in recent observations) ...
... uncertainty associated with climate sensitivity. GDP increases at 2±1 %yr−1, as in SRES scenarios, giving a mean 2100 value of $355 trillion, consistent with USG 2013. Reference temperature change follows a business-as-usual trend with projected increases of 0.015 °C yr−1 (as in recent observations) ...
Climate Change Prediction: A challenging scientific problem
... parameters tell us a lot about the climate change problem. Solar output leading to S is not a constant but note that it is independent of the atmosphere. The concentration of minor constituents is being changed by human activities such as fossil fuel burning but also by changes in the flora and faun ...
... parameters tell us a lot about the climate change problem. Solar output leading to S is not a constant but note that it is independent of the atmosphere. The concentration of minor constituents is being changed by human activities such as fossil fuel burning but also by changes in the flora and faun ...
Sensor Workbook Ver2.0 - Triple Helix
... If humans continue to emit greenhouse gases at or above the current pace, we will probably see an average global temperature increase of 3 to 7°F by 2100, and greater warming after that. Even if we were to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, returning them to year 2000 levels, the Earth wou ...
... If humans continue to emit greenhouse gases at or above the current pace, we will probably see an average global temperature increase of 3 to 7°F by 2100, and greater warming after that. Even if we were to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, returning them to year 2000 levels, the Earth wou ...
The relevance of climate change integrated assessment models in
... developing countries are not involved in emissions stabilising policies? • What would be the consequences for global and developing country welfare if developing countries were also subject to emissions stabilising policies? Cantore and Canavari (forthcoming) recently provided answers to these ques ...
... developing countries are not involved in emissions stabilising policies? • What would be the consequences for global and developing country welfare if developing countries were also subject to emissions stabilising policies? Cantore and Canavari (forthcoming) recently provided answers to these ques ...
Natural Resources
... costs to the Cost of Implementation Account to ARB to set the 2050 target and unknown annual costs, at least in the hundreds of millions of dollars, from various special funds for additional programs to achieve the required emission reductions. COMMENTS: 1) Background. The 5th assessment report from ...
... costs to the Cost of Implementation Account to ARB to set the 2050 target and unknown annual costs, at least in the hundreds of millions of dollars, from various special funds for additional programs to achieve the required emission reductions. COMMENTS: 1) Background. The 5th assessment report from ...
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... percent to 20 percent in the case of the Kyoto targets (Hourcade and Shukla 2001)—but could go much higher with large emission reductions. Against this, Grubb et al. (2003) set various sources of positive spillover, especially “the international diffusion of more efficient and lower carbon technolog ...
... percent to 20 percent in the case of the Kyoto targets (Hourcade and Shukla 2001)—but could go much higher with large emission reductions. Against this, Grubb et al. (2003) set various sources of positive spillover, especially “the international diffusion of more efficient and lower carbon technolog ...
Climate change and the water cycle in Southern Europe: The role of
... of Algiers, Tunisia, Libya, and Almeria in Southeastern Spain. These regions were covered with vegetation in historical times, e.g., during the Roman Empire (Bölle 2003a). In Almeria, dense oak forests covering the mountains were cut down to fuel mines just 150 yr ago (Charco 2002). The question is: ...
... of Algiers, Tunisia, Libya, and Almeria in Southeastern Spain. These regions were covered with vegetation in historical times, e.g., during the Roman Empire (Bölle 2003a). In Almeria, dense oak forests covering the mountains were cut down to fuel mines just 150 yr ago (Charco 2002). The question is: ...
Box 1.3
... model studies have shown that, for many forcing mechanisms, λ in an individual climate model is more or less independent of the mechanism. These two factors enable the climate change potential of different mechanisms to be quantitatively contrasted through their radiative forcings, while they remain ...
... model studies have shown that, for many forcing mechanisms, λ in an individual climate model is more or less independent of the mechanism. These two factors enable the climate change potential of different mechanisms to be quantitatively contrasted through their radiative forcings, while they remain ...
UNICEF Strategic Framework on Environmental Sustainability for
... raising and training, offsetting unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions from its facilities, vehicles and air travel, and including ESM aspects in audits and evaluations where relevant. Moving forward, UNICEF will continue to explore sustainability in its procurement operations and will consider the c ...
... raising and training, offsetting unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions from its facilities, vehicles and air travel, and including ESM aspects in audits and evaluations where relevant. Moving forward, UNICEF will continue to explore sustainability in its procurement operations and will consider the c ...
A Review of the Linkages between Climate Change, Agricultural
... people alike amid soaring global food crisis in 2008. Under the present circumstances, even developed countries including the United States of America and the European Union are also emphasizing much on the agriculture sector. The agricultural sector has gone through an enormous evolution over the p ...
... people alike amid soaring global food crisis in 2008. Under the present circumstances, even developed countries including the United States of America and the European Union are also emphasizing much on the agriculture sector. The agricultural sector has gone through an enormous evolution over the p ...
related paper by Mann (PDF)
... were those described above, the Earth would be a frozen (and likely lifeless) planet. There is an additional factor, the so-called greenhouse effect, which leads to a warming of the lower atmosphere. The existence of the greenhouse effect is not controversial; in fact, without it, the Earth likely w ...
... were those described above, the Earth would be a frozen (and likely lifeless) planet. There is an additional factor, the so-called greenhouse effect, which leads to a warming of the lower atmosphere. The existence of the greenhouse effect is not controversial; in fact, without it, the Earth likely w ...
Climate change in the United States
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U.S._Temperature_Record_(1950_to_2009)_(PNG).png?width=300)
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.