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... (n) Mitigation in the context of climate change, refers to human intervention to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG, including ozonedepleting substances and their substitutes. (o) Mitigation potential shall refer to the scale of GHG reductions that could be m ...
... (n) Mitigation in the context of climate change, refers to human intervention to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG, including ozonedepleting substances and their substitutes. (o) Mitigation potential shall refer to the scale of GHG reductions that could be m ...
(2007) Interactions between climate change and contaminants
... Keywords: Climate change; Chemical pollution; Environmental gradients; Environmental stressors; Contaminant risks ...
... Keywords: Climate change; Chemical pollution; Environmental gradients; Environmental stressors; Contaminant risks ...
Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... public (and policy makers) about causes, impacts, and potential solutions, different types of framing can antagonize individuals and induce a sense of guilt, and even of being vilified, when the problem of consumption is characterized as a problem of consumers.17 This can lead people to reject the m ...
... public (and policy makers) about causes, impacts, and potential solutions, different types of framing can antagonize individuals and induce a sense of guilt, and even of being vilified, when the problem of consumption is characterized as a problem of consumers.17 This can lead people to reject the m ...
Local Adaptation Plan of Action District Multan
... Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Crop Reporting Service, Punjab. ...
... Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Crop Reporting Service, Punjab. ...
Dawson et al. 2011
... Exposure refers to the extent of climate change likely to be experienced by a species or locale. Exposure depends on the rate and magnitude of climate change (temperature, precipitation, sea level rise, flood frequency, and other hazards) in habitats and regions occupied by the species. Most assessm ...
... Exposure refers to the extent of climate change likely to be experienced by a species or locale. Exposure depends on the rate and magnitude of climate change (temperature, precipitation, sea level rise, flood frequency, and other hazards) in habitats and regions occupied by the species. Most assessm ...
Two Kinds of Climate Justice: Avoiding Harm and Sharing Burdens
... From the external point of view, it is defensible to argue that ‘concessions need to be made to high emitters because without that they are not likely to comply (or will not comply)’. But if a high emitting country like the USA simply says ‘this treaty needs to reward us because unless it does so th ...
... From the external point of view, it is defensible to argue that ‘concessions need to be made to high emitters because without that they are not likely to comply (or will not comply)’. But if a high emitting country like the USA simply says ‘this treaty needs to reward us because unless it does so th ...
The Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR
... reduction, but building household reserves and assets and reducing vulnerability. This will include programmes to promote economic growth, including vocational training, financial services and the maintenance and improvement of economic infrastructure, such as roads and railways ...
... reduction, but building household reserves and assets and reducing vulnerability. This will include programmes to promote economic growth, including vocational training, financial services and the maintenance and improvement of economic infrastructure, such as roads and railways ...
Why countries move on with kyoto protocol w/o the US, Global
... of implementing the Kyoto Protocol by itself is likely to be small, the effect might increase considerably if other countries can thereby be induced to follow suit -- either by joining the treaty at a later stage, or by concluding a separate agreement, or by cutting emissions of greenhouse gases on ...
... of implementing the Kyoto Protocol by itself is likely to be small, the effect might increase considerably if other countries can thereby be induced to follow suit -- either by joining the treaty at a later stage, or by concluding a separate agreement, or by cutting emissions of greenhouse gases on ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... Rosenlof [13] was probably the first to investigate long-term trends in the width of the tropics by studying the latitudinal extent of the upwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the lower stratosphere. This circulation represents a slow meridional overturning that extends through tropo ...
... Rosenlof [13] was probably the first to investigate long-term trends in the width of the tropics by studying the latitudinal extent of the upwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the lower stratosphere. This circulation represents a slow meridional overturning that extends through tropo ...
Opportunities and risks of climate change
... additional increase in average global temperatures is not only possible, but very probable, while human intervention in the natural climatic system plays an important, if not decisive role. The question, then, is no longer whether the climate is changing, but how the occurring climate change will af ...
... additional increase in average global temperatures is not only possible, but very probable, while human intervention in the natural climatic system plays an important, if not decisive role. The question, then, is no longer whether the climate is changing, but how the occurring climate change will af ...
Warming Good - RS - DDI
... are "critical to maintaining biodiversity and supporting fishery catches." Hence, the study’s authors write they are keen to examine what the future might hold in this regard, noting, "effects of climate-driven production change on marine ecosystems and fisheries can be explored using food web model ...
... are "critical to maintaining biodiversity and supporting fishery catches." Hence, the study’s authors write they are keen to examine what the future might hold in this regard, noting, "effects of climate-driven production change on marine ecosystems and fisheries can be explored using food web model ...
DOCX - World bank documents
... Repetek, southeast Garagum Desert). Meanwhile, during the coldest part of the year, temperatures are usually below zero °C and have even been recorded at levels as low as -36°C (in Dashoguz velayat).3 In terms of the historical trends related to the average mean temperature, meteorological data seri ...
... Repetek, southeast Garagum Desert). Meanwhile, during the coldest part of the year, temperatures are usually below zero °C and have even been recorded at levels as low as -36°C (in Dashoguz velayat).3 In terms of the historical trends related to the average mean temperature, meteorological data seri ...
Energy and technology lessons since Rio
... no single nation capture all of the benefits of its mitigation actions, but also no single generation of the Earth's population can capture all of the benefits from its mitigation actions. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, is only removed from the car ...
... no single nation capture all of the benefits of its mitigation actions, but also no single generation of the Earth's population can capture all of the benefits from its mitigation actions. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, is only removed from the car ...
Citation
... example that the design is effective if it results in repairing or preventing loss of value. Also, the landscape change should be acceptable to local stakeholders and politicians. It contributes to acceptance if the solution was collaboratively chosen from a range of alternatives in search for maxim ...
... example that the design is effective if it results in repairing or preventing loss of value. Also, the landscape change should be acceptable to local stakeholders and politicians. It contributes to acceptance if the solution was collaboratively chosen from a range of alternatives in search for maxim ...
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... of climate change among countries has been largely attributed to (i) spatially heterogeneous climate change (e.g. temperature and precipitation patterns) and (ii) heterogeneous exposure of the economy to climate change, e.g. due to different geographical conditions (coastal zones) or different size ...
... of climate change among countries has been largely attributed to (i) spatially heterogeneous climate change (e.g. temperature and precipitation patterns) and (ii) heterogeneous exposure of the economy to climate change, e.g. due to different geographical conditions (coastal zones) or different size ...
The Impact of Decentralization and Urban Governance on
... 3 In this paper, the terms local governance and local government include both urban and rural forms, unless otherwise specified. In many countries, decentralization laws cover both settings, though decentralization arrangements in urban and rural areas may vary significantly. As the focus of this s ...
... 3 In this paper, the terms local governance and local government include both urban and rural forms, unless otherwise specified. In many countries, decentralization laws cover both settings, though decentralization arrangements in urban and rural areas may vary significantly. As the focus of this s ...
Vietnam Climate Change Country Profile
... Tropical cyclones – Much of Vietnam’s coastline of 3,260 km is exposed to typhoons, which strike the country an average of 6-8 times per year. The storms bring strong winds, heavy rain and flooding, and result in human, economic and agricultural damage in coastal areas that can be exacerbated by hig ...
... Tropical cyclones – Much of Vietnam’s coastline of 3,260 km is exposed to typhoons, which strike the country an average of 6-8 times per year. The storms bring strong winds, heavy rain and flooding, and result in human, economic and agricultural damage in coastal areas that can be exacerbated by hig ...
Managing Climate Change: The Africa Group in Multilateral
... (Gupta 2000a and Najam et al. 2003). For example, due to conflicting policy preferences on the clean development mechanism (CDM)1 during the initial negotiations, more advanced developing economies believed they could benefit from this market-based mechanism for emissions trading suggested under the ...
... (Gupta 2000a and Najam et al. 2003). For example, due to conflicting policy preferences on the clean development mechanism (CDM)1 during the initial negotiations, more advanced developing economies believed they could benefit from this market-based mechanism for emissions trading suggested under the ...
Diseases in tropical and plantation crops as affected by climate
... FACE and open-top chambers (OTCs) offer more realistic options to understand how rising atmospheric composition of CO2 and O3 can influence host–pathogen interaction, disease severity and management of tropical and plantation crops. There are several OTC (Bortier et al., 2000; Riikonen et al., 2008) ...
... FACE and open-top chambers (OTCs) offer more realistic options to understand how rising atmospheric composition of CO2 and O3 can influence host–pathogen interaction, disease severity and management of tropical and plantation crops. There are several OTC (Bortier et al., 2000; Riikonen et al., 2008) ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository
... gas drilling, landfills, and coal mines are also significant.5 In addition, nitrous oxide emissions have been attributed to deforestation, combustion of fossil fuels, and the introduction of nitrate and ammonia fertilizers into the ecosystem.6 The natural and anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gase ...
... gas drilling, landfills, and coal mines are also significant.5 In addition, nitrous oxide emissions have been attributed to deforestation, combustion of fossil fuels, and the introduction of nitrate and ammonia fertilizers into the ecosystem.6 The natural and anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gase ...
Proceedings of all the plenary sessions
... inadequate provision of essential services, are rich in natural assets and cultural resources, have a low population density, and often have an aging population and high risk of seismic activity. In Italy, inner areas account for almost 60% of the territory and contain 23% of the Italian population. ...
... inadequate provision of essential services, are rich in natural assets and cultural resources, have a low population density, and often have an aging population and high risk of seismic activity. In Italy, inner areas account for almost 60% of the territory and contain 23% of the Italian population. ...
Report
... between upstream and downstream communities or between agricultural, industrial and municipal users, will increase in areas where precipitation declines. Two major goals of ecosystem management are improving the resistance and resilience of natural systems to climate changes. Resistance is the ecosy ...
... between upstream and downstream communities or between agricultural, industrial and municipal users, will increase in areas where precipitation declines. Two major goals of ecosystem management are improving the resistance and resilience of natural systems to climate changes. Resistance is the ecosy ...
The Short-Term Temptations and Long
... Environmental Catastrophism launched a robust and well-funded counterattack to her claims, but Carson’s meticulous research and widespread support among scientists allowed her work to largely withstand its contemporary critics.17 Silent Spring is widely credited with creating the environmental move ...
... Environmental Catastrophism launched a robust and well-funded counterattack to her claims, but Carson’s meticulous research and widespread support among scientists allowed her work to largely withstand its contemporary critics.17 Silent Spring is widely credited with creating the environmental move ...
A human-induced hothouse climate?
... hothouses in 104–105 yr occurs as HEATT (haline euxinic acidic thermal transgression) episodes, which generally persist for less than 1 million years. Greenhouse climate preconditions conducive to hothouse development allowed large igneous provinces (LIPs), combined with positive feedback amplifiers ...
... hothouses in 104–105 yr occurs as HEATT (haline euxinic acidic thermal transgression) episodes, which generally persist for less than 1 million years. Greenhouse climate preconditions conducive to hothouse development allowed large igneous provinces (LIPs), combined with positive feedback amplifiers ...
Scientific Shortcomings in the EPA`s Endangerment
... Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger On April 24, 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a finding of “proposed endangerment” from climate change caused by six greenhouse gases, with the largest contributions to warming resulting from emissions of carbon dioxide and methane ( ...
... Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger On April 24, 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a finding of “proposed endangerment” from climate change caused by six greenhouse gases, with the largest contributions to warming resulting from emissions of carbon dioxide and methane ( ...
Climate change in the United States
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Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.