agricola, tacitus, and scotland - Council for British Archaeology
... this man was demonstrated many years ago by Professor Anthony Birley (1973, 179-90). Cerialis' successor, Julius Frontinus, is credited by Tacitus with campaigning against the Silures of south Wales, although it is hard to believe that the north of Britain was yet sufficiently secure to have been le ...
... this man was demonstrated many years ago by Professor Anthony Birley (1973, 179-90). Cerialis' successor, Julius Frontinus, is credited by Tacitus with campaigning against the Silures of south Wales, although it is hard to believe that the north of Britain was yet sufficiently secure to have been le ...
Intellectual Resistance to Roman Hegemony and its Representativity
... “the Second Sophistic’, a literary tradition from the first to the third century AD in which the authors’ linguistic style was inspired by that used by Greek Athenian writers, particularly in the fifth century BC.5 This use of Attic Greek and the increased focus on the Greek past are likely to have ...
... “the Second Sophistic’, a literary tradition from the first to the third century AD in which the authors’ linguistic style was inspired by that used by Greek Athenian writers, particularly in the fifth century BC.5 This use of Attic Greek and the increased focus on the Greek past are likely to have ...
Sexuality and Masculinity in Catullus and Plautus
... freedom, liberty, free speech, etc. were all contained in this word. Here, Plautus is laughing at those who value their “land of the free,” yet force others to do their sexual bidding. Paegnium surprisingly rejects having the desire to penetrate a cinaedus, which according to Roman culture was an ac ...
... freedom, liberty, free speech, etc. were all contained in this word. Here, Plautus is laughing at those who value their “land of the free,” yet force others to do their sexual bidding. Paegnium surprisingly rejects having the desire to penetrate a cinaedus, which according to Roman culture was an ac ...
The Novus Homo and Virtus: Oratory, Masculinity, and the
... of Cicero, despite many accusations of “unmanliness” by his competitors. This paper argues that the central virtue of virtus changed as Roman society became more sophisticated, yet there are still elements which connect the classical meaning of virtus to its older definitions of “manliness.” Virtus ...
... of Cicero, despite many accusations of “unmanliness” by his competitors. This paper argues that the central virtue of virtus changed as Roman society became more sophisticated, yet there are still elements which connect the classical meaning of virtus to its older definitions of “manliness.” Virtus ...
Citizenship Identity and Imperial Control Roman
... A background on the classes of Roman citizenship during the Republic is essential to understand just what it was that the Allies were aspiring to. First and foremost were of course full Roman citizens, who had all of the rights and protections afforded by the Senate and People of Rome. Among these r ...
... A background on the classes of Roman citizenship during the Republic is essential to understand just what it was that the Allies were aspiring to. First and foremost were of course full Roman citizens, who had all of the rights and protections afforded by the Senate and People of Rome. Among these r ...
The Clash of Cultures after Roman Colonisation of Britain
... disputes among historians, scholars and etghnographers. For most of the nonspecialists, the Celts represent a mixture of myths, imagination and historical fiction. As Bellingham puts it: “Today, the epithet Celtic depicts an idea of a mysterious moonlit scenery where the Druids are dressed in white ...
... disputes among historians, scholars and etghnographers. For most of the nonspecialists, the Celts represent a mixture of myths, imagination and historical fiction. As Bellingham puts it: “Today, the epithet Celtic depicts an idea of a mysterious moonlit scenery where the Druids are dressed in white ...
Mos, maiores, and historical exempla in Roman culture - Beck-Shop
... the knowledge and identity of a group of people which regards itself as a unity. It is constantly renewed in view of the present, and it is characterized by both a formative, or didactic, element and a normative element. It works in two modes: a mode of potentiality as an archive of texts, images, a ...
... the knowledge and identity of a group of people which regards itself as a unity. It is constantly renewed in view of the present, and it is characterized by both a formative, or didactic, element and a normative element. It works in two modes: a mode of potentiality as an archive of texts, images, a ...
barcino / bcn
... semicircular towers, one of them constructed making use of the last arches of the aqueducts, the city opened out from the decumanus maximus onto the crops on the plain. ...
... semicircular towers, one of them constructed making use of the last arches of the aqueducts, the city opened out from the decumanus maximus onto the crops on the plain. ...
File - ArchaeoSpain
... and conquered the islands in less than two years. Military veterans and settlers soon followed, and eventually the cities Pollentia and Palma were founded. Pliny the Elder wrote in his Natural History around AD 79 that these two cities enjoyed the rights of Roman citizens, and mentioned two as yet u ...
... and conquered the islands in less than two years. Military veterans and settlers soon followed, and eventually the cities Pollentia and Palma were founded. Pliny the Elder wrote in his Natural History around AD 79 that these two cities enjoyed the rights of Roman citizens, and mentioned two as yet u ...
The Evolution and Importance of `Revenge` in Roman Society and
... Roman concepts of ‘revenge’ were heavily influenced by a social environment of individual and community insecurity and paranoia. Significantly, the mythic founders of Rome were all outcasts, separated from the inclusive protections afforded members of a viable family, clan, tribe, or governing polit ...
... Roman concepts of ‘revenge’ were heavily influenced by a social environment of individual and community insecurity and paranoia. Significantly, the mythic founders of Rome were all outcasts, separated from the inclusive protections afforded members of a viable family, clan, tribe, or governing polit ...
THE FLAVIAN INVASIONS – a re-evaluation
... Gnaeus Julius Agricola. Agricola is well known because his son-in-law, the historian ...
... Gnaeus Julius Agricola. Agricola is well known because his son-in-law, the historian ...
Vix aerarium suffice ret. - Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
... division of outlying Ptolemaic dominions would also, if successful and enduring, have destabilized the (always fragile) "equilibrium of impotence" among the Hellenistic 'Great Powers' in the Eastern Mediterranean-but this was also neither a direct nor an immediate threat for Rome. 20 In light of the ...
... division of outlying Ptolemaic dominions would also, if successful and enduring, have destabilized the (always fragile) "equilibrium of impotence" among the Hellenistic 'Great Powers' in the Eastern Mediterranean-but this was also neither a direct nor an immediate threat for Rome. 20 In light of the ...
Public Spectacles And Roman Social Relations
... 54.26.1; Pliny Hist. Nat. 8.65 respectively), and from 13 B.C. ...
... 54.26.1; Pliny Hist. Nat. 8.65 respectively), and from 13 B.C. ...
The General Influence of Roman Institutions of State and Public Law
... jurists were ambivalent on the question whether a town (civitas) was to be treated according to private or public law. The purist view appears in the Digest: according to Gaius, the term 'public' applied to the Roman people, while towns were in the same position as private individuals8; similarly, U ...
... jurists were ambivalent on the question whether a town (civitas) was to be treated according to private or public law. The purist view appears in the Digest: according to Gaius, the term 'public' applied to the Roman people, while towns were in the same position as private individuals8; similarly, U ...
The settling factors of Roman villas in southern Lusitania
... The Celts started to use more advanced agricultural and cultivation techniques than the natives had then in Portugal. The population living here was extremely complex at the beginning of the Roman conquest, but the Roman colonization reduced the ethnic differences of the peninsula. The ...
... The Celts started to use more advanced agricultural and cultivation techniques than the natives had then in Portugal. The population living here was extremely complex at the beginning of the Roman conquest, but the Roman colonization reduced the ethnic differences of the peninsula. The ...
Romans - Norfolk Museums Service
... • The army could therefore move quickly around Britain. • The army could easily get supplies (food, weapons, armour, etc.) • Towns grew up, joined by roads. • Trade boomed. Britain exported many goods including lead, tin, silver, gold, copper, corn, pottery, wool and people (to work). Britai ...
... • The army could therefore move quickly around Britain. • The army could easily get supplies (food, weapons, armour, etc.) • Towns grew up, joined by roads. • Trade boomed. Britain exported many goods including lead, tin, silver, gold, copper, corn, pottery, wool and people (to work). Britai ...
Gelligaer Roman Fort
... equitata) and front-line cavalry (an ala). They were organised into units of nominally 500 (quingenaria) or 1000 (milliaria). The infantry units were divided up into centuries, 80 strong under the command of a centurion; the cavalry units were divided into troops (turmae) of about 30–40 men, command ...
... equitata) and front-line cavalry (an ala). They were organised into units of nominally 500 (quingenaria) or 1000 (milliaria). The infantry units were divided up into centuries, 80 strong under the command of a centurion; the cavalry units were divided into troops (turmae) of about 30–40 men, command ...
The Roman Army as a Factor of Romanisation in the North
... The Roman Army as a Factor of Romanisation in the NorthEastern Part of Moesia Inferior ...
... The Roman Army as a Factor of Romanisation in the NorthEastern Part of Moesia Inferior ...
roman roads - Nutley Public Schools
... • Traffic laws: there does not seem to have been a formal traffic code. • Milestones were placed at various places along the road. They were tall stone circular stelae which gave the mileage to the nearest city, intermediate places and who paid for the road. – 123 BC, Gaius Gracchus ordered roads be ...
... • Traffic laws: there does not seem to have been a formal traffic code. • Milestones were placed at various places along the road. They were tall stone circular stelae which gave the mileage to the nearest city, intermediate places and who paid for the road. – 123 BC, Gaius Gracchus ordered roads be ...
Recreating Roman Wax Masks
... to indicate that the coloring of the masks was similar to that of the model himself, and many of the ancient writers speak of the masks as smoke-stained, probably due to their periodic proximity to burning incense. This suggests that their appearance was lighter in color than the brownish hue of the ...
... to indicate that the coloring of the masks was similar to that of the model himself, and many of the ancient writers speak of the masks as smoke-stained, probably due to their periodic proximity to burning incense. This suggests that their appearance was lighter in color than the brownish hue of the ...
Roman Theatre
... verses, the way it had been done before; but they acted out saturae filled out with tunes, with a written song performed to the accompaniment of the tibia player, and with corresponding movement. After some years Livius Andronicus first dared to go beyond saturae and produce a play with a plot. Like ...
... verses, the way it had been done before; but they acted out saturae filled out with tunes, with a written song performed to the accompaniment of the tibia player, and with corresponding movement. After some years Livius Andronicus first dared to go beyond saturae and produce a play with a plot. Like ...
Boudicca_Rebellion_A.. - the unlikely professor
... modern army hierarchy) and tribune (colonel). They were highly disciplined, rarely broke ranks in the face of the enemy, and could engage in a fully loaded forced march of 25 miles day after day after day. By the time of the Boudiccan revolt in 60 AD, the armaments and tactics of the tribal warriors ...
... modern army hierarchy) and tribune (colonel). They were highly disciplined, rarely broke ranks in the face of the enemy, and could engage in a fully loaded forced march of 25 miles day after day after day. By the time of the Boudiccan revolt in 60 AD, the armaments and tactics of the tribal warriors ...
Chapter 5 Test: Roman Rebublic/Empire
... refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices or prayers to Roman gods, the Romans persecuted them harshly. Many Roman rulers used Christians as scapegoats, blaming them for social or economic problems. Thousands of Christians lost their lives at the hands of the Romans. In addition, differences aros ...
... refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices or prayers to Roman gods, the Romans persecuted them harshly. Many Roman rulers used Christians as scapegoats, blaming them for social or economic problems. Thousands of Christians lost their lives at the hands of the Romans. In addition, differences aros ...
this PDF file
... sexual encounters. As emperor, Elagabalus was the epitome of Roman political power. The Historia Augusta presents Elagabalus as “tak[ing] the role of Venus” in his private reenacting of the story of the Judgment of Paris, 5 even going so far as to “model the expression on his face on that with which ...
... sexual encounters. As emperor, Elagabalus was the epitome of Roman political power. The Historia Augusta presents Elagabalus as “tak[ing] the role of Venus” in his private reenacting of the story of the Judgment of Paris, 5 even going so far as to “model the expression on his face on that with which ...
Further information: Celts and human sacrifice, Threefold death and
... whether the druids ever performed such sacrifices, for the Romans and Greeks were known to project what they saw as barbarian traits onto foreign peoples including not only druids but Jews and Christians as well, thereby confirming their own "cultural superiority" in their own minds.[31] Taking a si ...
... whether the druids ever performed such sacrifices, for the Romans and Greeks were known to project what they saw as barbarian traits onto foreign peoples including not only druids but Jews and Christians as well, thereby confirming their own "cultural superiority" in their own minds.[31] Taking a si ...
Wales in the Roman era
The history of Wales in the Roman era began in CE 48 with a military invasion by the imperial governor of Roman Britain. The conquest would be completed by 78, and Roman rule would endure until the region was abandoned in AD 383. Once the conquest was complete, the region and the people living there would be a virtually anonymous part of Roman Britain until the Roman departure.Roman rule in Wales was a military occupation, save for the southern coastal region of South Wales east of the Gower Peninsula, where there is a legacy of Romanisation, and some southern sites such as Carmarthen. The only town in Wales founded by the Romans, Caerwent, is located in South Wales. Wales was a rich source of mineral wealth, and the Romans used their engineering technology to extract large amounts of gold, copper, and lead, as well as modest amounts of some other metals such as zinc and silver.It is the Roman campaigns of conquest that are most widely known, due to the spirited but unsuccessful defence of their homelands by two native tribes, the Silures and the Ordovices. Aside from the many Roman-related finds along the southern coast, Roman archaeological remains in Wales consist almost entirely of military roads and fortifications.