The role of nutricline depth in regulating ocean`s carbon cycle
... stratified, subtropical gyres, largely rely on local recycling and diapycnal nutrient ...
... stratified, subtropical gyres, largely rely on local recycling and diapycnal nutrient ...
LETTERS
... global change. The impact of the beetle outbreak would negate these gains within the affected region because NPP was reduced by 10% and heterotrophic respiration increased by 6%. Here we examined just one insect outbreak and estimated that its net greenhouse gas impacts over 21 yr (990 Mt carbon dio ...
... global change. The impact of the beetle outbreak would negate these gains within the affected region because NPP was reduced by 10% and heterotrophic respiration increased by 6%. Here we examined just one insect outbreak and estimated that its net greenhouse gas impacts over 21 yr (990 Mt carbon dio ...
Pacific Connections - University of St Andrews
... of economic growth, and thereby destined to a hopeless dependency on the assistance of wealthier nations. Instead, Hau'ofa focused on the journeys, exchanges and relations through which a vast ocean region is intimately inter-connected as 'our sea of islands'. Similarly, we can either see how the EU ...
... of economic growth, and thereby destined to a hopeless dependency on the assistance of wealthier nations. Instead, Hau'ofa focused on the journeys, exchanges and relations through which a vast ocean region is intimately inter-connected as 'our sea of islands'. Similarly, we can either see how the EU ...
Presentation BBB_1 dec Tartu 2
... city buses. • Using Biogas as fuel can be more climate effective than using it for electricity and heating. • Biogas is produced locally from ...
... city buses. • Using Biogas as fuel can be more climate effective than using it for electricity and heating. • Biogas is produced locally from ...
Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block
... steps in the right direction? Surprisingly, this question has been largely ignored in climate change debates, even though it should be central to deciding the best national-level response to climate change. National-level legislation can create a demand for greater international action, but it can a ...
... steps in the right direction? Surprisingly, this question has been largely ignored in climate change debates, even though it should be central to deciding the best national-level response to climate change. National-level legislation can create a demand for greater international action, but it can a ...
Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a
... from all of the four models. According to the G1 experiment specifications by Kravitz et al. (2011a) the forcing from the quadrupling of CO2 (F4CO2 , see Sect. 3) was balanced in each model by a reduction of the solar constant estimated as δS0 = −4 F4CO2 /(1 − α) to account for the sphericity of the ...
... from all of the four models. According to the G1 experiment specifications by Kravitz et al. (2011a) the forcing from the quadrupling of CO2 (F4CO2 , see Sect. 3) was balanced in each model by a reduction of the solar constant estimated as δS0 = −4 F4CO2 /(1 − α) to account for the sphericity of the ...
Understanding future patterns of increased precipitation intensity in
... intensity. At higher latitudes, in addition to increases in water vapor producing more precipitation in regions of climatological moisture convergence, advective effects associated with changes in atmospheric circulation produce greater precip intensity increases over northwestern and northeastern N ...
... intensity. At higher latitudes, in addition to increases in water vapor producing more precipitation in regions of climatological moisture convergence, advective effects associated with changes in atmospheric circulation produce greater precip intensity increases over northwestern and northeastern N ...
Annex D – EEA contributors and resource planning
... adaptation policy development at the EU and national level, which builds largely on the recent EEA reports and information in Climate-ADAPT on those topics. Additionally, the sector-based chapters should include some more information on the consideration of climate change adaptation in sectoral pol ...
... adaptation policy development at the EU and national level, which builds largely on the recent EEA reports and information in Climate-ADAPT on those topics. Additionally, the sector-based chapters should include some more information on the consideration of climate change adaptation in sectoral pol ...
Effects of climate change on inland waters of the Pacific coastal
... result from snowmelt, warm winter storms and summer and early autumn convective storms (Kattelmann, 1990). In rivers with headwaters at high elevation, snowmelt ¯oods occur each spring as periods of sustained high ¯ow, long duration and large volume. However, they rarely produce the highest instanta ...
... result from snowmelt, warm winter storms and summer and early autumn convective storms (Kattelmann, 1990). In rivers with headwaters at high elevation, snowmelt ¯oods occur each spring as periods of sustained high ¯ow, long duration and large volume. However, they rarely produce the highest instanta ...
The coordination of climate finance in India
... comprehensive, long term climate change assessment based on rigorous scientific analysis undertaken in India. This report considers the impact of climate change by 2030 on four key sectors of the Indian economy: agriculture, water, natural ecosystems and biodiversity, and health. It further identifi ...
... comprehensive, long term climate change assessment based on rigorous scientific analysis undertaken in India. This report considers the impact of climate change by 2030 on four key sectors of the Indian economy: agriculture, water, natural ecosystems and biodiversity, and health. It further identifi ...
Climate Change and the Urban Environment
... Urban impacts on the natural aquatic environment are currently more profound than that associated with climate change. Nevertheless these two emerging challenges are not mutually exclusive. Protecting the environment from which water is diverted for urban consumption, and to which treated waste-wate ...
... Urban impacts on the natural aquatic environment are currently more profound than that associated with climate change. Nevertheless these two emerging challenges are not mutually exclusive. Protecting the environment from which water is diverted for urban consumption, and to which treated waste-wate ...
Climate and the Carbon Cycle - CARBO
... When it gets hot and dry - droughts, heat waves and fire...........................................8 Highlight Chapter 2 Storms, floods and frost.............................................................................................. 10 Highlight Chapter 3 Observing the response of carbon an ...
... When it gets hot and dry - droughts, heat waves and fire...........................................8 Highlight Chapter 2 Storms, floods and frost.............................................................................................. 10 Highlight Chapter 3 Observing the response of carbon an ...
Impacts of climate change on vegetation distribution. No. 1
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
FRAMES IN REPORTS AND IN REPORTING: HOW FRAMING
... the third person, with the word “we” being used only twice: “From the current Assessment we conclude [. . .]” [12, p. 2] and “At present we do not have a clear picture of the limits to adaptation, or the cost [. . .]” [12, p. 18]. ...
... the third person, with the word “we” being used only twice: “From the current Assessment we conclude [. . .]” [12, p. 2] and “At present we do not have a clear picture of the limits to adaptation, or the cost [. . .]” [12, p. 18]. ...
Incorporating estuaries as a source or sink of
... Complex coastal landforms exhibit variable behaviour in response to sea-level rise. A proposed modelling framework that integrates shoreline changes associated with longterm recession, short-term variability and sea-level rise advocates that coastal risk assessment be undertaken within the context o ...
... Complex coastal landforms exhibit variable behaviour in response to sea-level rise. A proposed modelling framework that integrates shoreline changes associated with longterm recession, short-term variability and sea-level rise advocates that coastal risk assessment be undertaken within the context o ...
On the relationship between metrics to compare greenhouse gases
... that the relative difference between IGTP and GWP increases with increasing rates of ocean heat uptake and increasing climate sensitivity since these changes increase the inertia of the climate system. Furthermore, it is shown that IGTP is equivalent to the sustained global temperature change potent ...
... that the relative difference between IGTP and GWP increases with increasing rates of ocean heat uptake and increasing climate sensitivity since these changes increase the inertia of the climate system. Furthermore, it is shown that IGTP is equivalent to the sustained global temperature change potent ...
Garamvölgyi - Climate change - Applied Ecology and Environmental
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
chapter
... 228.1 cm (89.8 in.) during an average year, whereas students at the university in Karachi, Pakistan, measure only 20.4 cm (8 in.) of rain over an entire year. Climates greatly influence ecosystems, the natural, selfregulating communities formed by plants and animals in their nonliving environment. O ...
... 228.1 cm (89.8 in.) during an average year, whereas students at the university in Karachi, Pakistan, measure only 20.4 cm (8 in.) of rain over an entire year. Climates greatly influence ecosystems, the natural, selfregulating communities formed by plants and animals in their nonliving environment. O ...
Australia and New Zealand
... and agriculture, changed natural ecosystems, reduced seasonal snow cover, and glacier shrinkage [11.2.1, 11.2.3]. ...
... and agriculture, changed natural ecosystems, reduced seasonal snow cover, and glacier shrinkage [11.2.1, 11.2.3]. ...
Guide to Climate Change Convention
... leading to potentially irreversible climate change. Greenhouse gases – especially carbon dioxide, the most abundant from human sources – act like a blanket over the Earth’s surface, keeping it warmer than it would otherwise be. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
... leading to potentially irreversible climate change. Greenhouse gases – especially carbon dioxide, the most abundant from human sources – act like a blanket over the Earth’s surface, keeping it warmer than it would otherwise be. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Ch ...
Rechtspraak.nl - Print uitspraak
... emissions to peak within 10 years. Similarly, limiting temperature increases to 2°C above preindustrial levels can only be reached at the lowest end of the concentration interval found in the scenarios of category I (i.e. about 450 ppmv CO2-eq using ‘best estimate’ assumptions). By comparison, using ...
... emissions to peak within 10 years. Similarly, limiting temperature increases to 2°C above preindustrial levels can only be reached at the lowest end of the concentration interval found in the scenarios of category I (i.e. about 450 ppmv CO2-eq using ‘best estimate’ assumptions). By comparison, using ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EMERGING LIABILITY CHALLENGE
... Directors and Officers liability coverage from them. As insurance policies are usually renewed annually, insurers are faced with the problem as to how to set premiums and what coverage to offer in the coming year given our inability to distinguish between random weather patterns and systematic chang ...
... Directors and Officers liability coverage from them. As insurance policies are usually renewed annually, insurers are faced with the problem as to how to set premiums and what coverage to offer in the coming year given our inability to distinguish between random weather patterns and systematic chang ...
Spending adaptation money wisely: Working Paper 37 (opens in new window)
... about finance – or more accurately, about the lack of trust. The protracted Convention negotiations under the Bali Action Plan (agreed in December 2007) have devoted much time and energy to the discussion of process: how funds should be raised, through which channels they should be disbursed, how sp ...
... about finance – or more accurately, about the lack of trust. The protracted Convention negotiations under the Bali Action Plan (agreed in December 2007) have devoted much time and energy to the discussion of process: how funds should be raised, through which channels they should be disbursed, how sp ...
Climate change and human health in cities
... such attributes as location, available water resources, and status of ecological systems. Social conditions include income, knowledge, and the capacity to plan, responsiveness of authorities, and organization of vulnerable populations. Health system conditions refer to the underlying health status o ...
... such attributes as location, available water resources, and status of ecological systems. Social conditions include income, knowledge, and the capacity to plan, responsiveness of authorities, and organization of vulnerable populations. Health system conditions refer to the underlying health status o ...