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... dramatic 2008 rise and fall in oil prices. This study was written after 20 years of generally declining oil prices and just as that trend was starting to reverse. If Pisarski were to do the study now or in a few years, it would be interesting to see if the oil price shock had any effect on commuting ...
... dramatic 2008 rise and fall in oil prices. This study was written after 20 years of generally declining oil prices and just as that trend was starting to reverse. If Pisarski were to do the study now or in a few years, it would be interesting to see if the oil price shock had any effect on commuting ...
Projected river discharge in the Euphrates Tigris Basin
... boundary river flow. However, water is still a major point of international contention among the countries in the Middle East, and disputes are expected to intensify in the future as a result of climate change impacts on the region. For instance, in a very recent study, Gleick (2014) assessed the on ...
... boundary river flow. However, water is still a major point of international contention among the countries in the Middle East, and disputes are expected to intensify in the future as a result of climate change impacts on the region. For instance, in a very recent study, Gleick (2014) assessed the on ...
Asian Aerosols: Current and Year 2030 Distributions and
... diverse economic sectors. As a result of these activities aerosol emissions are high throughout large parts of Asia as shown by regional emissions of black carbon (BC, Figure 1d). Worldwide, an estimated several billion people live under ABCs. The links between the high particulate levels associated ...
... diverse economic sectors. As a result of these activities aerosol emissions are high throughout large parts of Asia as shown by regional emissions of black carbon (BC, Figure 1d). Worldwide, an estimated several billion people live under ABCs. The links between the high particulate levels associated ...
Working Paper 214 - Waldinger (opens in new window)
... that Integrated Assessment Models could be improved by revising overly optimistic assumptions on adaptation. Evidence on strong heterogeneity in the economic e¤ect of climate change underlines the importance that IAMs should be built on evidence from both developed and developing countries. This pap ...
... that Integrated Assessment Models could be improved by revising overly optimistic assumptions on adaptation. Evidence on strong heterogeneity in the economic e¤ect of climate change underlines the importance that IAMs should be built on evidence from both developed and developing countries. This pap ...
Climate warming will reduce growth and survival of Scots pine
... from the southern half of the species range were grown at more than 1–2 sites with MAT greater than their origin MAT, and very few populations from the northern part of the range were grown at more than 1–2 sites with MAT less than their origin MAT. Hence, population-specific relationships cannot be ...
... from the southern half of the species range were grown at more than 1–2 sites with MAT greater than their origin MAT, and very few populations from the northern part of the range were grown at more than 1–2 sites with MAT less than their origin MAT. Hence, population-specific relationships cannot be ...
The Great Barrier Reef, UNESCO and the Australian government
... calculations of carbon emissions.30 ...
... calculations of carbon emissions.30 ...
Global Climate Change
... • Climate = an area’s long-term atmospheric conditions - Temperature, moisture content, wind, precipitation, etc. • Weather = conditions at localized sites over hours or days • Global climate change = describes trends and variations in Earth’s climate - Temperature, precipitation, storm frequency • ...
... • Climate = an area’s long-term atmospheric conditions - Temperature, moisture content, wind, precipitation, etc. • Weather = conditions at localized sites over hours or days • Global climate change = describes trends and variations in Earth’s climate - Temperature, precipitation, storm frequency • ...
Antarctic climate change and the environment
... sink for atmospheric CO2, with any change in this balance being of global significance. Because of its upwelling nutrients, the Southern Ocean is the world’s most biologically productive ocean, although its productivity is also limited by the low availability of micronutrients such as iron, except a ...
... sink for atmospheric CO2, with any change in this balance being of global significance. Because of its upwelling nutrients, the Southern Ocean is the world’s most biologically productive ocean, although its productivity is also limited by the low availability of micronutrients such as iron, except a ...
Scientific Facts on Arctic Climate Change
... 2.3.1 While most analyses of climate impacts focus on scenarios of steady gradual warming, there is a possibility that the warming could trigger abrupt changes in climate. The mechanisms that underlie such potential abrupt changes are not adequately taken into account by current climate models, whic ...
... 2.3.1 While most analyses of climate impacts focus on scenarios of steady gradual warming, there is a possibility that the warming could trigger abrupt changes in climate. The mechanisms that underlie such potential abrupt changes are not adequately taken into account by current climate models, whic ...
Impact of climate change on infrastructure in Australia and CGE
... Table 1 illustrates that the magnitude of the impacts of climate change on coastal buildings increases over time, and that a range of impacts are anticipated across different States. The most significant impacts are experienced under the U1 and the U3 scenarios, where the most dramatic changes in te ...
... Table 1 illustrates that the magnitude of the impacts of climate change on coastal buildings increases over time, and that a range of impacts are anticipated across different States. The most significant impacts are experienced under the U1 and the U3 scenarios, where the most dramatic changes in te ...
Linking Adaptation Research and Practice
... Compiling the inventory has highlighted the difficulty of judging which actions can be classified as ‘climate change adaptations’ and of these which are really planned as adaptations to climate change. By this we mean that it is difficult to identify which adaptations are taking place as a response ...
... Compiling the inventory has highlighted the difficulty of judging which actions can be classified as ‘climate change adaptations’ and of these which are really planned as adaptations to climate change. By this we mean that it is difficult to identify which adaptations are taking place as a response ...
Link-Securitization - Open Evidence Archive
... depoliticizes our understanding of environmental destruction. What we consume, how much we consume, and how goods are produced are all political decisions that change over time and vary from country to country. Yet in the limits perspective, consumption and production technology are seen as more or ...
... depoliticizes our understanding of environmental destruction. What we consume, how much we consume, and how goods are produced are all political decisions that change over time and vary from country to country. Yet in the limits perspective, consumption and production technology are seen as more or ...
Ambiguity and climate policy
... combined these two approaches by solving stochastic-dynamic control problems to endogenously determine optimal policies that account for future risks (Pizer, 1999; Keller et al., 2004; Kelly & Kolstad, 1999). Thus, while there are several models of varying complexity and emphasis, they share a comm ...
... combined these two approaches by solving stochastic-dynamic control problems to endogenously determine optimal policies that account for future risks (Pizer, 1999; Keller et al., 2004; Kelly & Kolstad, 1999). Thus, while there are several models of varying complexity and emphasis, they share a comm ...
Deliverable 2: “Gap Analysis”
... standards development organizations and other domain oriented bodies such as academic institutions (i.e. Universities), NGOs, and other groups. The main focus of these groups is not limited to standards elaboration but would also cover labelling, methodologies, and related activities. This document ...
... standards development organizations and other domain oriented bodies such as academic institutions (i.e. Universities), NGOs, and other groups. The main focus of these groups is not limited to standards elaboration but would also cover labelling, methodologies, and related activities. This document ...
Linking Climate Change and Fish Conservation Efforts Using
... conservation professionals is rapidly expanding (Overpeck et al. 2011; Porter et al. 2012). However, the sheer volume of data can be overwhelming and compound an already complicated decision context that may include other non-climate stressors, such as consumptive water use, habitat fragmentation, a ...
... conservation professionals is rapidly expanding (Overpeck et al. 2011; Porter et al. 2012). However, the sheer volume of data can be overwhelming and compound an already complicated decision context that may include other non-climate stressors, such as consumptive water use, habitat fragmentation, a ...
Download paper (PDF)
... The reasons for the primacy of expected utility theory as a normative model of rational choice are well known to economists. Its axiomatic foundations have been developed by several authors (von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1944; Savage, 1954; Anscombe & Aumann, 1963). Savage’s presentation is widely cons ...
... The reasons for the primacy of expected utility theory as a normative model of rational choice are well known to economists. Its axiomatic foundations have been developed by several authors (von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1944; Savage, 1954; Anscombe & Aumann, 1963). Savage’s presentation is widely cons ...
Sensitivity analysis of snow patterns in Swiss ski resorts to shifts in
... depending in particular on the altitude, orientation, topography, slope, wind and solar exposure of an area (Barry, 1992). The use of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) with a relatively coarse grid mesh is therefore not adequate to analyse snow cover (Keller and Goyette, 2005; Scott et al., 2006) for t ...
... depending in particular on the altitude, orientation, topography, slope, wind and solar exposure of an area (Barry, 1992). The use of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) with a relatively coarse grid mesh is therefore not adequate to analyse snow cover (Keller and Goyette, 2005; Scott et al., 2006) for t ...
Climate change and the greenhouse effect
... Ozone layer is confused with the greenhouse effect.* This is one of several alternative conceptions involving the ozone layer. Conflation between the two processes is common with students often aware of greenhouse gases and their role in global warming, however believing this process occurs in the o ...
... Ozone layer is confused with the greenhouse effect.* This is one of several alternative conceptions involving the ozone layer. Conflation between the two processes is common with students often aware of greenhouse gases and their role in global warming, however believing this process occurs in the o ...
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... we will examine the current state of the tropical Pacific and how it might evolve over the next few months. We will then explore some current research issues including ENSO precursors, ENSO diversity if there are two (or more) types of events –and the potential impacts of ENSO beyond the tropical Pa ...
... we will examine the current state of the tropical Pacific and how it might evolve over the next few months. We will then explore some current research issues including ENSO precursors, ENSO diversity if there are two (or more) types of events –and the potential impacts of ENSO beyond the tropical Pa ...
Interaction of environmental factors affecting wheat
... - A case for multidisciplinary research efforts Topic: There has been recent progress in individual scientific disciplines, but these advances within single disciplines, alone, cannot solve the challenges of increasing yield Therefore multidisciplinary approaches must be implemented to tackle major ...
... - A case for multidisciplinary research efforts Topic: There has been recent progress in individual scientific disciplines, but these advances within single disciplines, alone, cannot solve the challenges of increasing yield Therefore multidisciplinary approaches must be implemented to tackle major ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were processed to produce the RCP GHG concentration values, including the compilation of histo ...
... concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were processed to produce the RCP GHG concentration values, including the compilation of histo ...
Climate variability over the last 35,000 years
... identifies a complex response of climate proxies to a background of changing boundary conditions over the last 35,000 years. Climate drivers include the seasonal timing of insolation, greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, sea level rise and ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. Our compilati ...
... identifies a complex response of climate proxies to a background of changing boundary conditions over the last 35,000 years. Climate drivers include the seasonal timing of insolation, greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, sea level rise and ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. Our compilati ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 7
... change is not put in context of other drivers clearly. Technological development, markets and policy also play a large role in both food supply and demand. It would be good to say more about the relative impact of climate change compared to other drivers. Effects may be negative, but still relativel ...
... change is not put in context of other drivers clearly. Technological development, markets and policy also play a large role in both food supply and demand. It would be good to say more about the relative impact of climate change compared to other drivers. Effects may be negative, but still relativel ...