ENVI 30 Environmental Issues
... during 17th and early 18th centuries when sun was 0.25% dimmer than normal 20th century dominated by sunspot maxima ...
... during 17th and early 18th centuries when sun was 0.25% dimmer than normal 20th century dominated by sunspot maxima ...
Climate Change in Perspective The current warm period is
... Reality: An independent study, published in the Journal of Climate, based on 800,000 observations, finds there has been a significant decrease in down-welling, long-wave infrared radiation from increasing greenhouse gases over the 14 year period 1996-2010 in the US Great Plains. CO2 levels increased ...
... Reality: An independent study, published in the Journal of Climate, based on 800,000 observations, finds there has been a significant decrease in down-welling, long-wave infrared radiation from increasing greenhouse gases over the 14 year period 1996-2010 in the US Great Plains. CO2 levels increased ...
Can we save ourselves from climate change?
... one key way. It might be irreversible. And we cannot ever forget this. Greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades, even centuries, after they are released. ...
... one key way. It might be irreversible. And we cannot ever forget this. Greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades, even centuries, after they are released. ...
Gro Harlem Brundtland
... As you know, the Secretary-General named 2009 the “Year of Climate Change”. This December, crucial inter-governmental negotiations will take place in Copenhagen. Our aim is to forge a new global agreement on climate change – a much-needed milestone if we are to turn the tide against this momentous c ...
... As you know, the Secretary-General named 2009 the “Year of Climate Change”. This December, crucial inter-governmental negotiations will take place in Copenhagen. Our aim is to forge a new global agreement on climate change – a much-needed milestone if we are to turn the tide against this momentous c ...
MSWord
... gases stop being emitted (Kump et al. 2004). The increases in http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/system/carbon.html (NASA 2005) methane can be attributed to several anthropogenic causes, for example, forest fires, cattle, and rice paddies. Methane is also released when organic materials decay. If hum ...
... gases stop being emitted (Kump et al. 2004). The increases in http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/system/carbon.html (NASA 2005) methane can be attributed to several anthropogenic causes, for example, forest fires, cattle, and rice paddies. Methane is also released when organic materials decay. If hum ...
DC = Dissolved Carbon
... What happens to carbon biomass (PC) that leaves the surface layers? Most carbon remineralized at depth is eventually (~100s of years) brought back to the surface. ...
... What happens to carbon biomass (PC) that leaves the surface layers? Most carbon remineralized at depth is eventually (~100s of years) brought back to the surface. ...
Holocene Interglacial
... Many parameters of a system are measured, in this case marine and non-marine chemical species Several functions are calculated statistically that represent the variation seen between the parameters The function that can best represent the variation between the parameters (expressed as a percentage ...
... Many parameters of a system are measured, in this case marine and non-marine chemical species Several functions are calculated statistically that represent the variation seen between the parameters The function that can best represent the variation between the parameters (expressed as a percentage ...
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Climate System
... Defined as the average state of the atmosphere over a finite time period and over a geographic region (space). Can be thought of as the “prevailing” weather, which includes the mean but also the range of variations ...
... Defined as the average state of the atmosphere over a finite time period and over a geographic region (space). Can be thought of as the “prevailing” weather, which includes the mean but also the range of variations ...
Climate Data vs. Climate Models
... the edge of the 95 percent confidence interval. That is, we are 95 percent confident that the models are not consistent with the actual temperature record. While there appears to be no actual trend in the average actual temperature over the last 16 years, there is some apparent “greenhouse” signal i ...
... the edge of the 95 percent confidence interval. That is, we are 95 percent confident that the models are not consistent with the actual temperature record. While there appears to be no actual trend in the average actual temperature over the last 16 years, there is some apparent “greenhouse” signal i ...
and `super greenhouse gases`
... phase down of bulk quantities of HFCs, and a selection of bans on their use. EIA’s philosophy is that the best way to prevent emissions of F-gases is to stop using them. The current phase-down proposal in the EU would avoid more than 70 Mt CO2e per year (equivalent to more than 10% of the UK’s annua ...
... phase down of bulk quantities of HFCs, and a selection of bans on their use. EIA’s philosophy is that the best way to prevent emissions of F-gases is to stop using them. The current phase-down proposal in the EU would avoid more than 70 Mt CO2e per year (equivalent to more than 10% of the UK’s annua ...
Media Statement
... The goal of this workshop was to identify the latest developments in Climate Change science and discuss their implications for our understanding of the Earth System and its response to ongoing accelerated emissions of greenhouse gases and pollution particulates (aerosols), and deforestation. The fin ...
... The goal of this workshop was to identify the latest developments in Climate Change science and discuss their implications for our understanding of the Earth System and its response to ongoing accelerated emissions of greenhouse gases and pollution particulates (aerosols), and deforestation. The fin ...
American Angler
... So what does all this mean? It’s now safe for anglers the world over to assume that the planet’s most respected scientific body, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, was absolutely correct when it stated last year, “Climate change is occurring, is very likely caused primarily by the emission of gr ...
... So what does all this mean? It’s now safe for anglers the world over to assume that the planet’s most respected scientific body, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, was absolutely correct when it stated last year, “Climate change is occurring, is very likely caused primarily by the emission of gr ...
Global Warming Resources to Sustain a Collection
... vice president Al Gore and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ‘‘for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change.’’1 The IPCC, in their April 2007 report, stated that there is a 90 percent probability that the measured inc ...
... vice president Al Gore and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ‘‘for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change.’’1 The IPCC, in their April 2007 report, stated that there is a 90 percent probability that the measured inc ...
Hydrological Impacts of Global Climate Change
... Broad Strategies for Incorporating Climate Variability and Climate Change in Long-Term Planning Identify and Assess Climate Linkages Identify potential linkages between climate and resource management that could affect outcomes in the long term. What’s being left out? Are there future “deal breaker ...
... Broad Strategies for Incorporating Climate Variability and Climate Change in Long-Term Planning Identify and Assess Climate Linkages Identify potential linkages between climate and resource management that could affect outcomes in the long term. What’s being left out? Are there future “deal breaker ...
03.1 Steps in Clean Development Mechanis
... •Conditions for entry into force 55 parties and at least 55% CO2 1990 emissions by UNFCCC Annex I parties. (NB condition met on 16 February 2007) •Parties 175 countries and other governmental entities (as of November 2007) •175 parties have ratified the protocol. Of these, 36 developed countries (pl ...
... •Conditions for entry into force 55 parties and at least 55% CO2 1990 emissions by UNFCCC Annex I parties. (NB condition met on 16 February 2007) •Parties 175 countries and other governmental entities (as of November 2007) •175 parties have ratified the protocol. Of these, 36 developed countries (pl ...
Some Chapter 14 Notes
... is melting faster than it is being replaced, contributing to sea level rise The loss of ice from Greenland doubled between 1996 and 2005 From 1996 to 2000, the largest acceleration and mass ...
... is melting faster than it is being replaced, contributing to sea level rise The loss of ice from Greenland doubled between 1996 and 2005 From 1996 to 2000, the largest acceleration and mass ...
climate summit achievements
... • Leaders from more than 40 countries, 30 cities and dozen of corporations made commitments to double the rate of global energy efficiency by 2030 through vehicle fuel efficiency, lighting, appliances, building and district energy. New York Declaration on Forests • Over 150 governments, companies, ...
... • Leaders from more than 40 countries, 30 cities and dozen of corporations made commitments to double the rate of global energy efficiency by 2030 through vehicle fuel efficiency, lighting, appliances, building and district energy. New York Declaration on Forests • Over 150 governments, companies, ...
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... and RH. Over TIO, the decreased wind contributes about 2.5 W/m2. Atmospheric circulation in the tropics is predicted to slow down as tropospheric vapor increases at a faster rate than precipitation in response to global warming [Held and Soden, 2006]. Many studies assume that air-sea temperature dif ...
... and RH. Over TIO, the decreased wind contributes about 2.5 W/m2. Atmospheric circulation in the tropics is predicted to slow down as tropospheric vapor increases at a faster rate than precipitation in response to global warming [Held and Soden, 2006]. Many studies assume that air-sea temperature dif ...
Patterns of Energy Consumption
... is melting faster than it is being replaced, contributing to sea level rise The loss of ice from Greenland doubled between 1996 and 2005 From 1996 to 2000, the largest acceleration and mass ...
... is melting faster than it is being replaced, contributing to sea level rise The loss of ice from Greenland doubled between 1996 and 2005 From 1996 to 2000, the largest acceleration and mass ...
Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a...
... Basically, it is because it is a really good idea. The background is this: whenever forcings change, there is a delay in the climate response because of the large thermal inertia of the oceans – it‘s takes a long time to warm them up or cool them down. While they are changing, there will be a ‗radia ...
... Basically, it is because it is a really good idea. The background is this: whenever forcings change, there is a delay in the climate response because of the large thermal inertia of the oceans – it‘s takes a long time to warm them up or cool them down. While they are changing, there will be a ‗radia ...
Lesson D Farmers adapt to climate change
... Research over the past 20 years has confirmed that agro forestry can be more biologically productive, more profitable, and be more sustainable than forestry or agricultural monocultures. Many other benefits been shown. Temperate agro forestry systems are already widespread in many parts of the world ...
... Research over the past 20 years has confirmed that agro forestry can be more biologically productive, more profitable, and be more sustainable than forestry or agricultural monocultures. Many other benefits been shown. Temperate agro forestry systems are already widespread in many parts of the world ...
Adaptation Fund Offers Hope for Caribbean Countries Threatened
... Board of the Fund meets in Europe to finalise their discussions. Already predictions are that countries the likes of Barbuda here in the Caribbean could sink in 60 years, necessitating speedy adaptation to the changing climate. Still, sea levels continue to rise and certainly in the region, there ha ...
... Board of the Fund meets in Europe to finalise their discussions. Already predictions are that countries the likes of Barbuda here in the Caribbean could sink in 60 years, necessitating speedy adaptation to the changing climate. Still, sea levels continue to rise and certainly in the region, there ha ...
Why this change? - The University of the West Indies at Mona
... Peterson, T. C., M. A. Taylor, et al., 2002: Recent changes in climate extremes in the Caribbean region, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21) ...
... Peterson, T. C., M. A. Taylor, et al., 2002: Recent changes in climate extremes in the Caribbean region, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21) ...
Ensuring environmental integrity through transparent accounting of
... promises to reduce emissions at a single point in time. In turn, that requires a framework that not only asks countries to make commitments, but demands that they demonstrate credibly and transparently how they are making progress against those commitments. Such transparency is crucial to building t ...
... promises to reduce emissions at a single point in time. In turn, that requires a framework that not only asks countries to make commitments, but demands that they demonstrate credibly and transparently how they are making progress against those commitments. Such transparency is crucial to building t ...
Climate Change LECTURE
... Climate Change LECTURE Following on the success of the climate change lecture series during 2007 and 2008 the Environmental Protection Agency will host a number of occasional climate change lectures in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The occasional lectures are aimed at providing updates from the scien ...
... Climate Change LECTURE Following on the success of the climate change lecture series during 2007 and 2008 the Environmental Protection Agency will host a number of occasional climate change lectures in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The occasional lectures are aimed at providing updates from the scien ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""