The Paleozoic Era - Grass Range Science
... A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmass interiors experience climates with extreme variations of heat and cold. ...
... A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmass interiors experience climates with extreme variations of heat and cold. ...
New Directions: Atmospheric methane removal as a way to mitigate
... Surprisingly, and notwithstanding the growing implementation of methane capture technologies in the mining industry and methane recovery in landfills, air capture of methane (CH4) has not received the same attention as air capture of CO2. This article aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages ...
... Surprisingly, and notwithstanding the growing implementation of methane capture technologies in the mining industry and methane recovery in landfills, air capture of methane (CH4) has not received the same attention as air capture of CO2. This article aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages ...
The Kyoto Protocol
... an overall cap on emissions and creates allowances up to the level of the cap. 2. Sources must hold enough allowances to cover their emissions. - can lower emissions and sell or bank allowances - continue to emit higher than their allowance and purchase additional allowances 3. Market-driven: govt d ...
... an overall cap on emissions and creates allowances up to the level of the cap. 2. Sources must hold enough allowances to cover their emissions. - can lower emissions and sell or bank allowances - continue to emit higher than their allowance and purchase additional allowances 3. Market-driven: govt d ...
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... the past. Indeed, the MM coincides with a portion of the “Little Ice Age,” a period of markedly lower temperatures over large parts of the globe [Mann et al., 2009]. [5] The extraordinary length of the present minimum of solar activity during the Sun’s 11‐year cycle led to the suggestion that the Su ...
... the past. Indeed, the MM coincides with a portion of the “Little Ice Age,” a period of markedly lower temperatures over large parts of the globe [Mann et al., 2009]. [5] The extraordinary length of the present minimum of solar activity during the Sun’s 11‐year cycle led to the suggestion that the Su ...
COUNTDOWN TO COPENHAGEN Understanding the negotiations
... in the global climate system and with growing concern about the environment. • The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide policy makers with authoritative scientific infor ...
... in the global climate system and with growing concern about the environment. • The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide policy makers with authoritative scientific infor ...
The Antarctic Ice Sheet
... Greenland). If it all melts sea level will rise by 60 to 70 m. The ice sheet is much thicker than Greenland’s. It is considerably colder on Antarctica, with lower snow-fall rates. The Antarctic ice sheet is divided into eastern and western components. The eastern ice sheet is several times larger th ...
... Greenland). If it all melts sea level will rise by 60 to 70 m. The ice sheet is much thicker than Greenland’s. It is considerably colder on Antarctica, with lower snow-fall rates. The Antarctic ice sheet is divided into eastern and western components. The eastern ice sheet is several times larger th ...
Adapting to our changing climate
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which, in turn, result in more heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere. Global concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere have been rapidly growing over the past century and are now higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. There i ...
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which, in turn, result in more heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere. Global concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere have been rapidly growing over the past century and are now higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. There i ...
Oxfam`s post COP21 analysis
... Paris has served to remind leaders and the public alike, that there is a strong, diverse and growing movement of people bringing solutions and the fight for climate change to life. People from Australia to Zimbabwe have marched on the streets or taken action demanding governments urgently do more. R ...
... Paris has served to remind leaders and the public alike, that there is a strong, diverse and growing movement of people bringing solutions and the fight for climate change to life. People from Australia to Zimbabwe have marched on the streets or taken action demanding governments urgently do more. R ...
CLIMATE CHANGE MATTERS
... and 29 October to ensure that their member delegations are well briefed and prepared for the upcoming UNFCCC COP 21, to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December . For the full article: Click here ...
... and 29 October to ensure that their member delegations are well briefed and prepared for the upcoming UNFCCC COP 21, to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December . For the full article: Click here ...
Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under
... Projected population declines are among the criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assign conservation status (for example, 30% decline over three generations implies Vulnerable; 50% decline over three generations implies Endangered8 ). The generation time of t ...
... Projected population declines are among the criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assign conservation status (for example, 30% decline over three generations implies Vulnerable; 50% decline over three generations implies Endangered8 ). The generation time of t ...
Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas
... atmospheric circulation modes such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Fortunately, increased computing power and the inclusion of carbon cycle representations in coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models provide now the opportunity to close this information gap. In this study, we quantify t ...
... atmospheric circulation modes such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Fortunately, increased computing power and the inclusion of carbon cycle representations in coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models provide now the opportunity to close this information gap. In this study, we quantify t ...
Avoiding dangerous climate change: Emissions pathways
... Sectors and impacts indicators WATER water resources ...
... Sectors and impacts indicators WATER water resources ...
Is climate change the number one threat to
... by as much as 320 million in 2085, PAR in the absence of warming would be 8,800 million.15,27 That is, climate change would contribute less than 4% to the total PAR for malaria. Similarly, warming would contribute 23% to total hunger in 2085 (91 million out of 391 million), assuming carbon fertil ...
... by as much as 320 million in 2085, PAR in the absence of warming would be 8,800 million.15,27 That is, climate change would contribute less than 4% to the total PAR for malaria. Similarly, warming would contribute 23% to total hunger in 2085 (91 million out of 391 million), assuming carbon fertil ...
Estimated PDFs of climate system properties including natural and
... Levitus et al. [2000, 2005] ocean temperature data; however, one can obtain a correct temperature change with excessive mixing if S is too low, for example. Hence a single diagnostic is not sufficient to describe fully the model response. [16] From the two sensitivity tests regarding the strength of ...
... Levitus et al. [2000, 2005] ocean temperature data; however, one can obtain a correct temperature change with excessive mixing if S is too low, for example. Hence a single diagnostic is not sufficient to describe fully the model response. [16] From the two sensitivity tests regarding the strength of ...
The Conditional Nature of the Local Warming Effect
... (on 22 December 2014) and asked to participate in another survey that again asked the same series of questions (TT, PDW, GWB, GWW, and GWH).2 In the follow-up, respondents in both experimental groups received the same questions; the prompt was not introduced again for the treatment group. Respondent ...
... (on 22 December 2014) and asked to participate in another survey that again asked the same series of questions (TT, PDW, GWB, GWW, and GWH).2 In the follow-up, respondents in both experimental groups received the same questions; the prompt was not introduced again for the treatment group. Respondent ...
Glossary of Synthesis Report
... sometimes called rapid climate change, abrupt events or even surprises. The term abrupt often refers to time scales faster than the typical time scale of the responsible forcing. However, not all abrupt climate changes need be externally forced. Some possible abrupt events that have been proposed in ...
... sometimes called rapid climate change, abrupt events or even surprises. The term abrupt often refers to time scales faster than the typical time scale of the responsible forcing. However, not all abrupt climate changes need be externally forced. Some possible abrupt events that have been proposed in ...
Eco-support Activity and Carbon Calculators Promote Climate Work
... gas emission factors for 15 types of waste identified in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area waste management system. Calculations of the greenhouse gas emissions arising from waste management were incorporated into the Petra waste benchmarking service, and into the Martti material flow accounting system ...
... gas emission factors for 15 types of waste identified in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area waste management system. Calculations of the greenhouse gas emissions arising from waste management were incorporated into the Petra waste benchmarking service, and into the Martti material flow accounting system ...
Scottish Enterprise : Sustainable Development Policy
... that commits Scotland to a 42% carbon reduction by 2020, and 80% by 2050. Our Low Carbon Implementation Plan demonstrates our commitment to our low carbon priority areas and across all of our activities. It shows our progress and actions for the year ahead. Our Carbon Management Plan provides furthe ...
... that commits Scotland to a 42% carbon reduction by 2020, and 80% by 2050. Our Low Carbon Implementation Plan demonstrates our commitment to our low carbon priority areas and across all of our activities. It shows our progress and actions for the year ahead. Our Carbon Management Plan provides furthe ...
The climate debate in the USA - The Global Warming Policy
... The first resolution was ‘Climate change is real and not a hoax’, which received only one ‘no’ vote. The second resolution was that ‘Climate change is real; and human activity contributes significantly to climate change’. It received a split vote that was almost, but not quite, along strict party li ...
... The first resolution was ‘Climate change is real and not a hoax’, which received only one ‘no’ vote. The second resolution was that ‘Climate change is real; and human activity contributes significantly to climate change’. It received a split vote that was almost, but not quite, along strict party li ...
Americans` Global Warming Beliefs and Attitudes in April 2013
... natural world. Yet, over the years, there has been considerable confusion within the American public about the level of scientific agreement. In Spring 2013, more Americans believe that “most scientists think global warming is happening” than believe “there is a lot of disagreement among scientists” ...
... natural world. Yet, over the years, there has been considerable confusion within the American public about the level of scientific agreement. In Spring 2013, more Americans believe that “most scientists think global warming is happening” than believe “there is a lot of disagreement among scientists” ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2013 The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers climate change
... h Regional to global-scale projected decreases in soil moisture and increased agricultural drought are likely (medium confidence) in presently dry regions by the end of this century under the RCP8.5 scenario. Soil moisture drying in the Mediterranean, Southwest US and southern African regions is co ...
... h Regional to global-scale projected decreases in soil moisture and increased agricultural drought are likely (medium confidence) in presently dry regions by the end of this century under the RCP8.5 scenario. Soil moisture drying in the Mediterranean, Southwest US and southern African regions is co ...
Working Paper No. 405 September 2011
... ESRI working papers represent un‐refereed work‐in‐progress by researchers who are solely responsible for the content and any views expressed therein. Any comments on these papers will be welcome and should be sent to the author(s) by email. Papers may be downloaded for personal use onl ...
... ESRI working papers represent un‐refereed work‐in‐progress by researchers who are solely responsible for the content and any views expressed therein. Any comments on these papers will be welcome and should be sent to the author(s) by email. Papers may be downloaded for personal use onl ...
Managing our Debt: Changing Context Reduces Misunderstanding of Global Warming ()
... are not the kinds of things that we think about regularly, thus we find them difficult, and readily revert to simpler solutions. While we may be able to run a bath – thus exhibiting behavior consistent with understanding the principle of accumulation – it does not necessitate an abstract appreciatio ...
... are not the kinds of things that we think about regularly, thus we find them difficult, and readily revert to simpler solutions. While we may be able to run a bath – thus exhibiting behavior consistent with understanding the principle of accumulation – it does not necessitate an abstract appreciatio ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""