Deliberating on the Lifestyle Oriented to Low-Carbon Economy
... Along with the development of population and economy scale, environment issues caused by energy use are recognized. The higher concentration of CO2 leads to a warmer climate. A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but ...
... Along with the development of population and economy scale, environment issues caused by energy use are recognized. The higher concentration of CO2 leads to a warmer climate. A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but ...
The international cooperation of IGOs in environment
... Deforestation – eradication of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. It is a contributor to global warming and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect, it also reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and la ...
... Deforestation – eradication of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. It is a contributor to global warming and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect, it also reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and la ...
The Greatest Challenges of Our Time
... we humans are like children who play with fire without understanding the risks. We throw sand in nature’s machinery in many different ways despite the fact that we are entirely dependent on the machinery’s operating effectively. One can speak of direct and indirect environmental damage. Direct damag ...
... we humans are like children who play with fire without understanding the risks. We throw sand in nature’s machinery in many different ways despite the fact that we are entirely dependent on the machinery’s operating effectively. One can speak of direct and indirect environmental damage. Direct damag ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... amount of water vapor in the air, which would bring further change through its own greenhouse effect. Thus the level of CO2 acted as a regulator of water vapor, and ultimately determined the planet’s long-term equilibrium temperature (again, for full discussion see the essay on Simple Models of Clim ...
... amount of water vapor in the air, which would bring further change through its own greenhouse effect. Thus the level of CO2 acted as a regulator of water vapor, and ultimately determined the planet’s long-term equilibrium temperature (again, for full discussion see the essay on Simple Models of Clim ...
Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: the importance of agriculture
... Climate Change. The agricultural sector alone is responsible for about 14% of total global anthropogenic GHGs emissions and is expected to have high emission growth rates, driven mainly by population and income increases. Deforestation is responsible for an additional 17%, setting the total contribu ...
... Climate Change. The agricultural sector alone is responsible for about 14% of total global anthropogenic GHGs emissions and is expected to have high emission growth rates, driven mainly by population and income increases. Deforestation is responsible for an additional 17%, setting the total contribu ...
Greenhouse Policy Architectures and Institutions
... reducing global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) well below current levels.5 At the very least, since most anthropogenic CO2 emissions are produced by combustion of fossil fuels, reducing global emissions would likely prevent today’s poor nations from becoming wealthy using currently-known technol ...
... reducing global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) well below current levels.5 At the very least, since most anthropogenic CO2 emissions are produced by combustion of fossil fuels, reducing global emissions would likely prevent today’s poor nations from becoming wealthy using currently-known technol ...
Sensitivity of the oceanic carbon reservoir to tropical surface wind
... oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . Furthermore, vertical transport within the ocean determines the nutrient supply to marine ecosystems, which plays an important role in the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and the surface ocean via the biological pump. [3] All of the aforementioned processe ...
... oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . Furthermore, vertical transport within the ocean determines the nutrient supply to marine ecosystems, which plays an important role in the removal of carbon from the atmosphere and the surface ocean via the biological pump. [3] All of the aforementioned processe ...
Economics and the Environment_ What are the limits of
... culture and identity (Adger et al., 2005). According to economic theory these non-marketed values need to be incorporated into the function discerning economic values, in order to accurately calculate the true costs and benefit values of particular mitigation and impact based policies (Turner et al. ...
... culture and identity (Adger et al., 2005). According to economic theory these non-marketed values need to be incorporated into the function discerning economic values, in order to accurately calculate the true costs and benefit values of particular mitigation and impact based policies (Turner et al. ...
Dark Skies: Volcanic Contributions to Climate Change
... amount of energy reaching Earth. In addition, the aerosols absorb energy radiated from the surface of Earth. This process, known as “radiative forcing,” persists for several years and results in surface temperatures that are cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. Once aerosols enter the stra ...
... amount of energy reaching Earth. In addition, the aerosols absorb energy radiated from the surface of Earth. This process, known as “radiative forcing,” persists for several years and results in surface temperatures that are cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. Once aerosols enter the stra ...
Threats to ecosystems in the Wet Tropics due to climate change and
... thousand years as well as changes due to one degree of future warming. In this project, four scenarios were considered. In the worst-case scenario (IPPC A1FI), rapid warming (5 oC) accompanied with reduced rainfall (-23%) by 2080, there are substantial decreases in the areas of environments that are ...
... thousand years as well as changes due to one degree of future warming. In this project, four scenarios were considered. In the worst-case scenario (IPPC A1FI), rapid warming (5 oC) accompanied with reduced rainfall (-23%) by 2080, there are substantial decreases in the areas of environments that are ...
Downscaling reveals diverse effects of anthropogenic
... Several studies predict rising global temperatures to increase the burden of malaria (Martens et al. 1999; Pascual et al. 2006). Others suggest no net change (Rogers and Randolph 2000), or even a decline in disease prevalence irrespective of changes in environmental conditions (Gething et al. 2010). ...
... Several studies predict rising global temperatures to increase the burden of malaria (Martens et al. 1999; Pascual et al. 2006). Others suggest no net change (Rogers and Randolph 2000), or even a decline in disease prevalence irrespective of changes in environmental conditions (Gething et al. 2010). ...
PRECIS Training Workshop
... Centre staff can advise on experimental design to include specification of the region to be modelled (to ensure optimum added-value of the regional model over the global model) and on the best practise to post-process climate model data to produce suitable input data for hydrological models. Met Off ...
... Centre staff can advise on experimental design to include specification of the region to be modelled (to ensure optimum added-value of the regional model over the global model) and on the best practise to post-process climate model data to produce suitable input data for hydrological models. Met Off ...
Climate Service - Hans von Storch
... stable state at the end of the century with a maximum increase of global mean air temperature of 2C would constitute a sufficient (but also necessary) mitigation ...
... stable state at the end of the century with a maximum increase of global mean air temperature of 2C would constitute a sufficient (but also necessary) mitigation ...
Climate change means days are getting longer: Harvard University
... capturing they perform. But a new Duke University study finds marshes may be more resilient than ...
... capturing they perform. But a new Duke University study finds marshes may be more resilient than ...
How We Should Be Thinking About Food and Climate
... amount of acreage producing more rice. 27 In the context of overall greenhouse gas emissions from food production, it should be highlighted that the total warming potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation approximately equals total carbon emissions from energy use and combustion of fossil ...
... amount of acreage producing more rice. 27 In the context of overall greenhouse gas emissions from food production, it should be highlighted that the total warming potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation approximately equals total carbon emissions from energy use and combustion of fossil ...
Climate change induced loss and damage in Pakistan
... As the green-topped gavel came down on 12th December 2015 at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, signalling that the Paris Agreement had been signed, representatives from 196 countries rejoiced in the knowledge that there was finally consensus on pa ...
... As the green-topped gavel came down on 12th December 2015 at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, signalling that the Paris Agreement had been signed, representatives from 196 countries rejoiced in the knowledge that there was finally consensus on pa ...
Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization
... dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has risen from 277 parts per million to 387 parts per million • Burning fossil fuels – coal, oil, and natural gas – emits 7.5 billion tons of carbon each year • Deforestation emits 1.5 billion tons each year • Electricity generation and transportation are the largest ...
... dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has risen from 277 parts per million to 387 parts per million • Burning fossil fuels – coal, oil, and natural gas – emits 7.5 billion tons of carbon each year • Deforestation emits 1.5 billion tons each year • Electricity generation and transportation are the largest ...
PDF
... 1990; Rind et al., 1990; Adams, 1989). General equilibrium analysis has been used in a number of single region studies (Goulder, 1993; Brinner et al. 1992; Jorgenson and Wilcoxen, 1991) as well as for the global economy (Burniaux et al. 1991, Darwin, et al., 1995; Tsigas, et al., 1997; Rutherford, ...
... 1990; Rind et al., 1990; Adams, 1989). General equilibrium analysis has been used in a number of single region studies (Goulder, 1993; Brinner et al. 1992; Jorgenson and Wilcoxen, 1991) as well as for the global economy (Burniaux et al. 1991, Darwin, et al., 1995; Tsigas, et al., 1997; Rutherford, ...
Chapter 5: Pacific Island Developing Country Water Resources and
... because of the high infiltration capacity of the soils and rocks found on such islands (Falkland and Custodio 1991). In those rare cases where surface water is found on low islands, it is likely to be in the form of shallow, often brackish lakes (UNEP 1998). On some high islands in the Pacific, surf ...
... because of the high infiltration capacity of the soils and rocks found on such islands (Falkland and Custodio 1991). In those rare cases where surface water is found on low islands, it is likely to be in the form of shallow, often brackish lakes (UNEP 1998). On some high islands in the Pacific, surf ...
Global warming limited by carbon availability
... changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. ...
... changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. ...
Carbon Farming Initiative Review
... Simplifying the leakage requirement also overlooks the increased pressure avoided harvest places on adjoining land, with avoided harvest in one part of the forest placing increased pressure and increasing harvest intensity on neighbouring land to maintain the supply contracts for processing faciliti ...
... Simplifying the leakage requirement also overlooks the increased pressure avoided harvest places on adjoining land, with avoided harvest in one part of the forest placing increased pressure and increasing harvest intensity on neighbouring land to maintain the supply contracts for processing faciliti ...
model output statistics and climate variability over
... Evolution – portraying “change” Likely high vulnerability of many life support systems, and observed low capacity for early warning and adaptation Need to: ...
... Evolution – portraying “change” Likely high vulnerability of many life support systems, and observed low capacity for early warning and adaptation Need to: ...
Shift in US Climate Policy Would Not Stall Global Efforts to
... Climate policy in the US is likely to become less ambitious under the leadership of President Donald Trump. Since taking office on 20 January, the new president has reaffirmed his commitment to eliminate the Climate Action Plan, a key policy initiative of the outgoing administration focused on cutti ...
... Climate policy in the US is likely to become less ambitious under the leadership of President Donald Trump. Since taking office on 20 January, the new president has reaffirmed his commitment to eliminate the Climate Action Plan, a key policy initiative of the outgoing administration focused on cutti ...
Hotte, Martin - Transportation Association of Canada
... last report of the UN’s International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2001, the average temperature of the Earth’s surface could increase by a further 1.4° to 5.8° C by 2100. A large part of the Arctic region could experience an annual average temperature increase of 6° C during this sa ...
... last report of the UN’s International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2001, the average temperature of the Earth’s surface could increase by a further 1.4° to 5.8° C by 2100. A large part of the Arctic region could experience an annual average temperature increase of 6° C during this sa ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""