Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
... Scientific research has unequivocally established that greenhouse gas emissions are leading to increasing changes in the Earth’s climate. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and recipient of the ...
... Scientific research has unequivocally established that greenhouse gas emissions are leading to increasing changes in the Earth’s climate. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization and recipient of the ...
Climate change track in river floods in Europe
... was observed in the last two decades of the century, illustrating pronounced clustering of extreme events (Blöschl and Montanari, 2010). For Germany, Hattermann et al. (2013) showed that the results of change detection are far from being uniform over all parts of the country. In parts of Germany, ma ...
... was observed in the last two decades of the century, illustrating pronounced clustering of extreme events (Blöschl and Montanari, 2010). For Germany, Hattermann et al. (2013) showed that the results of change detection are far from being uniform over all parts of the country. In parts of Germany, ma ...
now - The City of Edinburgh Council
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats facing Scotland and the world today. Due to past emissions, a certain degree of climate change is now unavoidable. Effects of changing weather patterns on Edinburgh will vary depending on the severity of global warming but, even when only a relativel ...
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats facing Scotland and the world today. Due to past emissions, a certain degree of climate change is now unavoidable. Effects of changing weather patterns on Edinburgh will vary depending on the severity of global warming but, even when only a relativel ...
Understanding the Forecast Second Edition David Archer d
... the equator and the pole, between winter and summer, or even between daytime and night. One issue this raises is that it is tricky to discern a change in the average, when the variability is so much greater than the trend. Careers are spent computing the global average temperature trend from the 100 ...
... the equator and the pole, between winter and summer, or even between daytime and night. One issue this raises is that it is tricky to discern a change in the average, when the variability is so much greater than the trend. Careers are spent computing the global average temperature trend from the 100 ...
Silent but Deadly - Global Justice Now
... with the reaction taking place at high temperature and pressure. Yara declares Scope 1 emissions via the Carbon Disclosure Project, although the most recent period for which data are available is the calendar year 2009. In that year, Yara's declared Scope 1 emissions were 12.5 million tonnes CO2e. N ...
... with the reaction taking place at high temperature and pressure. Yara declares Scope 1 emissions via the Carbon Disclosure Project, although the most recent period for which data are available is the calendar year 2009. In that year, Yara's declared Scope 1 emissions were 12.5 million tonnes CO2e. N ...
CLIMATE WORLDWIDE
... The hottest places on Earth are around the Equator. Here the sun is almost directly overhead. The rays fall straight on to the surface and heat it up. Away from the Equator, the sun is lower in the sky. The rays are weaker so the air does not get so warm. The coldest places are around the North and ...
... The hottest places on Earth are around the Equator. Here the sun is almost directly overhead. The rays fall straight on to the surface and heat it up. Away from the Equator, the sun is lower in the sky. The rays are weaker so the air does not get so warm. The coldest places are around the North and ...
Outcome of Paris Climate Negotiations
... importance given to adaptation, as well as the amount of finance and other means of implementation provided to support the implementation of adaptation in developing countries. The Agreement includes language that addresses both issues by establishing a global goal for adaptation, and calling on dev ...
... importance given to adaptation, as well as the amount of finance and other means of implementation provided to support the implementation of adaptation in developing countries. The Agreement includes language that addresses both issues by establishing a global goal for adaptation, and calling on dev ...
Apocalypse Nicked! - Geoengineering Governance Research
... example, the claim that “Human societies must now change course and steer away from critical tipping points in the Earth system that might lead to rapid and irreversible change” (Biermann et al. 2012) is a contestable political claim about the appropriate response to climate change. Even granting th ...
... example, the claim that “Human societies must now change course and steer away from critical tipping points in the Earth system that might lead to rapid and irreversible change” (Biermann et al. 2012) is a contestable political claim about the appropriate response to climate change. Even granting th ...
Processes Responsible for Cloud Feedback
... to water vapor, it stops when the temperature becomes too cold to contain an optically thick quantity of water vapor. In this way, the convective outflow level (and hence anvil and thick cirrus clouds) should remain near 200K as the temperature warms (though warming slightly due to changes in the ai ...
... to water vapor, it stops when the temperature becomes too cold to contain an optically thick quantity of water vapor. In this way, the convective outflow level (and hence anvil and thick cirrus clouds) should remain near 200K as the temperature warms (though warming slightly due to changes in the ai ...
Assessing the Effect of Rising Temperatures
... the past few decades. In all but two of the last 20 years, the annual average temperature was higher than the long-term average (1901-1960), and 12 of the last 14 summers have been hotter than average.viii As we demonstrate below, temperatures are expected to rise even further over the coming decade ...
... the past few decades. In all but two of the last 20 years, the annual average temperature was higher than the long-term average (1901-1960), and 12 of the last 14 summers have been hotter than average.viii As we demonstrate below, temperatures are expected to rise even further over the coming decade ...
PDF
... to cooperation and feedback Nash strategies. Although this scenario is unlikely to occur in practice, it does serve as a useful benchmark against which outcomes corresponding to asymmetric countries may be compared. We introduce heterogeneity between the two countries in terms of the social cost of ...
... to cooperation and feedback Nash strategies. Although this scenario is unlikely to occur in practice, it does serve as a useful benchmark against which outcomes corresponding to asymmetric countries may be compared. We introduce heterogeneity between the two countries in terms of the social cost of ...
Indicator and data needs - Eionet Forum
... as well as pressures and impacts of human activities in EU marine waters. Although the first reporting cycle will occur in 2012, there is still considerable effort needed to agree with Member States on the specifics of the data and methods needed for purpose of the EEA’s tasks and products, includin ...
... as well as pressures and impacts of human activities in EU marine waters. Although the first reporting cycle will occur in 2012, there is still considerable effort needed to agree with Member States on the specifics of the data and methods needed for purpose of the EEA’s tasks and products, includin ...
Interactive comment on “Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño
... use it. Given that their paper is entirely centered on pseudoproxies and that all these PSMs are publicly available, they have no excuse but to keep up with the times As indicated by the reviewer, one possible approach is to build pseudoproxies using a proxy system model. However, for many proxies t ...
... use it. Given that their paper is entirely centered on pseudoproxies and that all these PSMs are publicly available, they have no excuse but to keep up with the times As indicated by the reviewer, one possible approach is to build pseudoproxies using a proxy system model. However, for many proxies t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMICS OF CATASTROPHIC CLIMATE CHANGE
... than 4.5 C”which “cannot be excluded.” Eighteen recent studies of climate sensitivity with 18 probability density functions (PDFs) of S lie behind the above-quoted IPCC4 summary statement. From Figure 1 in Box 10.2 of IPCC4 (2007), it is apparent that the upper tails of these 18 PDFs tend to be long ...
... than 4.5 C”which “cannot be excluded.” Eighteen recent studies of climate sensitivity with 18 probability density functions (PDFs) of S lie behind the above-quoted IPCC4 summary statement. From Figure 1 in Box 10.2 of IPCC4 (2007), it is apparent that the upper tails of these 18 PDFs tend to be long ...
cc-impact-by-State_FWS
... breakup, shrub encroachment into peat lands, and a change in wildfire patterns — all as a result of climate change. Researchers are also unsure if other climate change impacts — including erosion, flooding, salinization, melting permafrost, and sea level rise — could degrade nesting habitat and broo ...
... breakup, shrub encroachment into peat lands, and a change in wildfire patterns — all as a result of climate change. Researchers are also unsure if other climate change impacts — including erosion, flooding, salinization, melting permafrost, and sea level rise — could degrade nesting habitat and broo ...
PDF
... Global warming requires a response characterized by forward-looking management of atmospheric carbon and respect for ethical principles. Both safety and fairness must be pursued, and there are severe trade-offs as these are intertwined by the limited headroom for additional atmospheric CO2 emissions ...
... Global warming requires a response characterized by forward-looking management of atmospheric carbon and respect for ethical principles. Both safety and fairness must be pursued, and there are severe trade-offs as these are intertwined by the limited headroom for additional atmospheric CO2 emissions ...
NASA faked the moon landing—therefore
... who espouse science denial is not entirely surprising because if an overwhelming scientific consensus cannot be accepted as the result of researchers independently converging on the same evidence-based view, then the very existence of the consensus calls for an alternative explanation. The ideation ...
... who espouse science denial is not entirely surprising because if an overwhelming scientific consensus cannot be accepted as the result of researchers independently converging on the same evidence-based view, then the very existence of the consensus calls for an alternative explanation. The ideation ...
Protected Area Policies and Climate Change: The Case of the
... are expected to shrink as ponds are replaced by wetlands, and wetlands are invaded by forest. ...
... are expected to shrink as ponds are replaced by wetlands, and wetlands are invaded by forest. ...
joint submission - The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
... An additional challenge, especially when analyzing the link between climate change and human mobility and quantifying movements, is determining the extent to which climate change – in combination with socio-economic or other non-climate factors – was a cause of the ...
... An additional challenge, especially when analyzing the link between climate change and human mobility and quantifying movements, is determining the extent to which climate change – in combination with socio-economic or other non-climate factors – was a cause of the ...
Will the Paris agreement save the world?
... way forward to achieve emissions reductions. First, the pre-conference national pledges for climate action are predicated on a goal of 2 degree warming and while the agreement includes a commitment to update pledges and make them more progressive, the text is vague on the overall ambition and it doe ...
... way forward to achieve emissions reductions. First, the pre-conference national pledges for climate action are predicated on a goal of 2 degree warming and while the agreement includes a commitment to update pledges and make them more progressive, the text is vague on the overall ambition and it doe ...
Climate and Atmosphere-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
... Protocol, which was adopted by consensus at the third session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-3) in December 1997, contains emission targets for Annex I (developed) countries for the post-2000 period. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_s ...
... Protocol, which was adopted by consensus at the third session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-3) in December 1997, contains emission targets for Annex I (developed) countries for the post-2000 period. View full technical notes on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_s ...
Climate change impacts on water quality outcomes
... SedNet is a spatially distributed, time-averaged (decadal to century) model that routes sediment through the river network, based on a relatively simple physical representation of hillslope and channel processes at the reach scale, accounting for losses in water bodies (reservoirs, lakes) and deposi ...
... SedNet is a spatially distributed, time-averaged (decadal to century) model that routes sediment through the river network, based on a relatively simple physical representation of hillslope and channel processes at the reach scale, accounting for losses in water bodies (reservoirs, lakes) and deposi ...
Slide 1
... Regulating water supply UNFCCC not considering adaptation aspect of forests Forests to be impacted by climate change ...
... Regulating water supply UNFCCC not considering adaptation aspect of forests Forests to be impacted by climate change ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... timing could be related to the PDO, whereas Regonda et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with eith ...
... timing could be related to the PDO, whereas Regonda et al. (2005) speculate that trends in SMR timing could be a response to the increased frequency of El Nino events in recent decades, or to general global warming. The first PC resulting from the PCA of the CMD data is not well correlated with eith ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""