The effect of a dynamic background albedo scheme on Sahel
... fraction of PFT i, fCi , is based on the presence of green leaves, which is defined through the leaf area index (LAI). The background albedo is based on a time-invariant map, either derived from satellite data or from soil type data. In some cases the background albedo varies with soil moisture (e.g ...
... fraction of PFT i, fCi , is based on the presence of green leaves, which is defined through the leaf area index (LAI). The background albedo is based on a time-invariant map, either derived from satellite data or from soil type data. In some cases the background albedo varies with soil moisture (e.g ...
Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Transportation
... very grateful to the many individuals from the private sector and local and state governments who were interviewed or who otherwise shared their perspectives on the significance of climate change to their work. Their insights and perspectives of how climate change considerations may affect their dec ...
... very grateful to the many individuals from the private sector and local and state governments who were interviewed or who otherwise shared their perspectives on the significance of climate change to their work. Their insights and perspectives of how climate change considerations may affect their dec ...
Public Awareness and Acceptance of CO2 capture and storage
... This report details the findings of a survey about awareness and acceptance of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) conducted in 12 European Union countries. The countries included in the survey are Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, France, Greece, th ...
... This report details the findings of a survey about awareness and acceptance of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) conducted in 12 European Union countries. The countries included in the survey are Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, France, Greece, th ...
The Second National Communication of the Republic of Malawi
... Basline data for river run-off for selected rivers in Malawi Mean river run-off reductions as affected by baseline rainfall for some rivers in Malawi Mean and increased run-off due to increases in baseline mean rainfall Monthly means of naturalised Lake levels (Meanntr): Lake rise and/or fall scenar ...
... Basline data for river run-off for selected rivers in Malawi Mean river run-off reductions as affected by baseline rainfall for some rivers in Malawi Mean and increased run-off due to increases in baseline mean rainfall Monthly means of naturalised Lake levels (Meanntr): Lake rise and/or fall scenar ...
Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs
... impacts of climatic changes and sea level rise on the world’s coral reefs came from the experiences of various UNEP and IOC sponsored Regional Task Teams established to examine the implications of climate change and sea level rise on the countries participating in the Regional Seas Programme. Severa ...
... impacts of climatic changes and sea level rise on the world’s coral reefs came from the experiences of various UNEP and IOC sponsored Regional Task Teams established to examine the implications of climate change and sea level rise on the countries participating in the Regional Seas Programme. Severa ...
Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs - 400 Bad Request
... impacts of climatic changes and sea level rise on the world’s coral reefs came from the experiences of various UNEP and IOC sponsored Regional Task Teams established to examine the implications of climate change and sea level rise on the countries participating in the Regional Seas Programme. Severa ...
... impacts of climatic changes and sea level rise on the world’s coral reefs came from the experiences of various UNEP and IOC sponsored Regional Task Teams established to examine the implications of climate change and sea level rise on the countries participating in the Regional Seas Programme. Severa ...
FINAL Amazon Scorecard
... 46 points on the 100-point scale for its efforts to incorporate climate change into its increasingly comprehensive corporate social responsibility profile. While the company’s reduction goals are still loosely defined, Starbucks has asserted itself in the policy and emissions accounting arenas and b ...
... 46 points on the 100-point scale for its efforts to incorporate climate change into its increasingly comprehensive corporate social responsibility profile. While the company’s reduction goals are still loosely defined, Starbucks has asserted itself in the policy and emissions accounting arenas and b ...
CO2-balance in the athmosphere and CO2-utilisation : an
... By using mass balance calculation global CO2-flows were analysed and with this as a basis, the Earth's carrying capacity was defined numerically. Direct and indirect actions which could mitigate the overload situation were derived from the results. To define the attractive CO2 properties in utilisat ...
... By using mass balance calculation global CO2-flows were analysed and with this as a basis, the Earth's carrying capacity was defined numerically. Direct and indirect actions which could mitigate the overload situation were derived from the results. To define the attractive CO2 properties in utilisat ...
Representing the Arctic in Global Surface Temperature Time Series
... The Arctic is an important region in the study of climate change, but monitoring surface temperatures in this region is challenging, particularly in areas covered by sea ice. Here in situ, satellite and reanalysis data were utilised to investigate whether global warming over recent decades could be ...
... The Arctic is an important region in the study of climate change, but monitoring surface temperatures in this region is challenging, particularly in areas covered by sea ice. Here in situ, satellite and reanalysis data were utilised to investigate whether global warming over recent decades could be ...
Full-Text PDF
... “mass-bleaching” of scleractinian corals [3,13,14], which occurs when temperatures exceed the physiological tolerances of a large number of different coral species. Thermal stress causes widespread declines in the abundance of symbiotic zooxanthellae and their photosynthetic pigments, which are the ...
... “mass-bleaching” of scleractinian corals [3,13,14], which occurs when temperatures exceed the physiological tolerances of a large number of different coral species. Thermal stress causes widespread declines in the abundance of symbiotic zooxanthellae and their photosynthetic pigments, which are the ...
Averchenkova and Bassi 2016.pdf (opens in new window)
... For many G20 members, most determinants appear to be ‘largely supportive’ in terms of credibility. These include the European Union and its individual G20 members (France, Germany, Italy and the UK), as well as South Korea. Several G20 members have determinants that are at least ‘moderately supporti ...
... For many G20 members, most determinants appear to be ‘largely supportive’ in terms of credibility. These include the European Union and its individual G20 members (France, Germany, Italy and the UK), as well as South Korea. Several G20 members have determinants that are at least ‘moderately supporti ...
MASUD-DISSERTATION-2016
... Currently, RCMs offer higher spatial resolution than AOGCMs and therefore are preferred for assessing impact of climate change on different components of the hydrological cycle at regional domains of interest. The overall purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of climate change on dry a ...
... Currently, RCMs offer higher spatial resolution than AOGCMs and therefore are preferred for assessing impact of climate change on different components of the hydrological cycle at regional domains of interest. The overall purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of climate change on dry a ...
Battling Promethean dreams and Trojan horses: Revealing the critical discourses of geoengineering
... note that the cited texts are just some illustrative examples, and not all that could have been cited given sufficient space. The images conveyed in the pro-geoengineering mass media discourse examined here are arguably not fully consistent with how its advocates would treat geoengineering if they w ...
... note that the cited texts are just some illustrative examples, and not all that could have been cited given sufficient space. The images conveyed in the pro-geoengineering mass media discourse examined here are arguably not fully consistent with how its advocates would treat geoengineering if they w ...
Modelling Climate Variability and Climate Change and Their
... increases across all scenarios, the areas suitable for banana production is likely to reduce under all the four RCP scenarios in the period 2061-2080 relative to the period 2041-2060. It is also expected that the projected temperature changes under the A1B scenario will enhance banana growth. In con ...
... increases across all scenarios, the areas suitable for banana production is likely to reduce under all the four RCP scenarios in the period 2061-2080 relative to the period 2041-2060. It is also expected that the projected temperature changes under the A1B scenario will enhance banana growth. In con ...
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land
... also impact the provisioning of ecosystem services (Bellard et al. 2012). Land-use changes, be it by conversion of natural habitats into agricultural or urban lands, or by abandonment of managed areas, could aggravate the effects of climate change, as well as contribute to large and sudden changes o ...
... also impact the provisioning of ecosystem services (Bellard et al. 2012). Land-use changes, be it by conversion of natural habitats into agricultural or urban lands, or by abandonment of managed areas, could aggravate the effects of climate change, as well as contribute to large and sudden changes o ...
Reining in Phaëthon`s Chariot: Principles for the
... See, e.g., WALTER ANDERSON, TO GOVERN EVOLUTION: FURTHER ADVENTURES OF THE POLITICAL ANIMAL (1987); Paul J. Crutzen, Geology of Mankind, 415 NATURE 23 (2002) [hereinafter Crutzen, Geology]; Paul J. Crutzen, Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dil ...
... See, e.g., WALTER ANDERSON, TO GOVERN EVOLUTION: FURTHER ADVENTURES OF THE POLITICAL ANIMAL (1987); Paul J. Crutzen, Geology of Mankind, 415 NATURE 23 (2002) [hereinafter Crutzen, Geology]; Paul J. Crutzen, Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dil ...
Major impacts of climate change on deep
... The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and biosphere. Rising atmospheric greenhouse gases are bringing about significant changes in the environmental properties of the o ...
... The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and biosphere. Rising atmospheric greenhouse gases are bringing about significant changes in the environmental properties of the o ...
The environmental and economic importance of the GBR specifically
... this analysis are startling and a matter of great concern. Sea temperatures calculated by all models (ECHAM3/LSG, ECHAM4/OPYC3 with and without aerosols, CSIRO DAR model) and based on the IPCC Scenario A (doubling of carbon dioxide levels by 2100, IPCC 1995) show that the thermal tolerances of reef- ...
... this analysis are startling and a matter of great concern. Sea temperatures calculated by all models (ECHAM3/LSG, ECHAM4/OPYC3 with and without aerosols, CSIRO DAR model) and based on the IPCC Scenario A (doubling of carbon dioxide levels by 2100, IPCC 1995) show that the thermal tolerances of reef- ...
Leaf Litter Under Changing Climate: Will
... as previously predicted on the basis of short-term pot experiments, and also N nutrition status may modify responses to CO2 (Gifford et al. 2000). For instance, King et al. (2001a) observed a clear CO2-induced increase in C:Nratios of trembling aspen litter only under low soil N availability, wherea ...
... as previously predicted on the basis of short-term pot experiments, and also N nutrition status may modify responses to CO2 (Gifford et al. 2000). For instance, King et al. (2001a) observed a clear CO2-induced increase in C:Nratios of trembling aspen litter only under low soil N availability, wherea ...
Workshop Proceedings Report: South Asia Media Workshop
... cryosphere – overall, deglaciation is rapid in the Himalaya. Water demand is rising relative to supply, and this is going to be a point of contention, resulting in social conflicts. This could also have adverse impact on the food security situation of the region. For planning and decision making to ...
... cryosphere – overall, deglaciation is rapid in the Himalaya. Water demand is rising relative to supply, and this is going to be a point of contention, resulting in social conflicts. This could also have adverse impact on the food security situation of the region. For planning and decision making to ...
PDF
... Conservation tillage can alleviate soil erosion, and reduce nonpoint source pollution (from nitrogen and phosphorous) and damages to water quality (Karlen et al., 1997). Additionally, conservation tillage can offset the emission of greenhouse gases like CO2 because it increases the amount of atmosp ...
... Conservation tillage can alleviate soil erosion, and reduce nonpoint source pollution (from nitrogen and phosphorous) and damages to water quality (Karlen et al., 1997). Additionally, conservation tillage can offset the emission of greenhouse gases like CO2 because it increases the amount of atmosp ...
Climate Change Adaptation: Outcomes from the Great Barrier Reef
... within their tissues (zooxanthellae) is fundamental to their survival. This symbiosis is sensitive to changes in temperature. Temperature increases of only 1–2°C can result in coral bleaching. If high temperatures are sustained, corals can die. Record high temperatures during 1998 destroyed an estim ...
... within their tissues (zooxanthellae) is fundamental to their survival. This symbiosis is sensitive to changes in temperature. Temperature increases of only 1–2°C can result in coral bleaching. If high temperatures are sustained, corals can die. Record high temperatures during 1998 destroyed an estim ...
Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the
... our potential destruction. We have moved from an age where we lived with the possibility of humancaused extinction to a time in which we are living the consequences of actions which may make the world unable to sustain human life. Today we are beholden to all humans. To reduce future changes all hum ...
... our potential destruction. We have moved from an age where we lived with the possibility of humancaused extinction to a time in which we are living the consequences of actions which may make the world unable to sustain human life. Today we are beholden to all humans. To reduce future changes all hum ...
Climate Change and Migratory Species
... 4.8.2. Storm Frequency, Wind Speed and Wave Conditions ..................................80 4.8.3. Climate Patterns and Variability .....................................................................80 Summary of the potential effects of climate change on marine mammals ................81 4.9.1. A ...
... 4.8.2. Storm Frequency, Wind Speed and Wave Conditions ..................................80 4.8.3. Climate Patterns and Variability .....................................................................80 Summary of the potential effects of climate change on marine mammals ................81 4.9.1. A ...
Climate Change, coral bleaching and the future of the
... this analysis are startling and a matter of great concern. Sea temperatures calculated by all models (ECHAM3/LSG, ECHAM4/OPYC3 with and without aerosols, CSIRO DAR model) and based on the IPCC Scenario A (doubling of carbon dioxide levels by 2100, IPCC 1995) show that the thermal tolerances of reef- ...
... this analysis are startling and a matter of great concern. Sea temperatures calculated by all models (ECHAM3/LSG, ECHAM4/OPYC3 with and without aerosols, CSIRO DAR model) and based on the IPCC Scenario A (doubling of carbon dioxide levels by 2100, IPCC 1995) show that the thermal tolerances of reef- ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""