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Climate change amplifies gross nitrogen turnover in montane
... insulating snowpack. Climate change conditions accelerated gross nitrogen mineralization by 250% on average. Increased N mineralization significantly stimulated gross nitrification by AOB rather than by AOA. However, climate change impacts were restricted to the 2–6 cm topsoil and rarely occurred at ...
... insulating snowpack. Climate change conditions accelerated gross nitrogen mineralization by 250% on average. Increased N mineralization significantly stimulated gross nitrification by AOB rather than by AOA. However, climate change impacts were restricted to the 2–6 cm topsoil and rarely occurred at ...
Mirrored at GFMC Archive - The Global Fire Monitoring Center
... of the insulating organic layer, permafrost thaws, creating instability in soils. Repeated severe fires, coupled with permafrost degradation will lead to large-scale ecosystem changes. e boreal permafrost biome is warming very rapidly (ACIA, 2005), and annual area burned in this re- ...
... of the insulating organic layer, permafrost thaws, creating instability in soils. Repeated severe fires, coupled with permafrost degradation will lead to large-scale ecosystem changes. e boreal permafrost biome is warming very rapidly (ACIA, 2005), and annual area burned in this re- ...
[full text]
... remained unchanged, it is believed that anthropogenic activity alone is responsible for the ∼20% increase in atmospheric N2O concentrations [from 270 to 325 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)] since 1860 (8). Natural emissions are estimated at 10.2 Tg N per year (10) compared with current anthropoge ...
... remained unchanged, it is believed that anthropogenic activity alone is responsible for the ∼20% increase in atmospheric N2O concentrations [from 270 to 325 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)] since 1860 (8). Natural emissions are estimated at 10.2 Tg N per year (10) compared with current anthropoge ...
The Faithful Skeptics: Conservative Christian Religious Beliefs and
... Global climate change presents one of the most challenging ecological and social problems facing the world today. In order to prevent potentially harmful ecological and social impacts from rising global average temperatures, Americans will need to drastically reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by ...
... Global climate change presents one of the most challenging ecological and social problems facing the world today. In order to prevent potentially harmful ecological and social impacts from rising global average temperatures, Americans will need to drastically reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
Coastal Ecosystems Responses to Climate Change
... level) have changed over the last century and are projected to change over the next century under the current projected climate change scenarios. These changes vary regionally around the coastline as well as seasonally in many cases. With respect to the terrestrial climate, mean annual air temperatu ...
... level) have changed over the last century and are projected to change over the next century under the current projected climate change scenarios. These changes vary regionally around the coastline as well as seasonally in many cases. With respect to the terrestrial climate, mean annual air temperatu ...
ESCC Hub Research Plan Version 2 (2016)
... • Improve understanding and simulation of Southern Hemisphere climate drivers1 in our climate models (especially ACCESS) to increase our confidence in projections of likely future climate change at multi-annual to multi-decadal time scales. Improve our understanding of how climate variability (e.g. ...
... • Improve understanding and simulation of Southern Hemisphere climate drivers1 in our climate models (especially ACCESS) to increase our confidence in projections of likely future climate change at multi-annual to multi-decadal time scales. Improve our understanding of how climate variability (e.g. ...
Adapting for a green economy updated
... The Caring for Climate survey revealed that 83 percent of 72 responding companies believe that climate change impacts pose a risk to their products or services. A slightly higher percentage of companies (86 percent) think that responding to climate change risks, or investing in adaptation solutions, ...
... The Caring for Climate survey revealed that 83 percent of 72 responding companies believe that climate change impacts pose a risk to their products or services. A slightly higher percentage of companies (86 percent) think that responding to climate change risks, or investing in adaptation solutions, ...
INTERPRETING INDCs - World Resources Institute
... published by governments at any point in time. To improve transparency, we also offer the following general recommendations to governments, negotiators, and other practitioners: Review the Lima Call for Climate Action and WRI’s Open Book framework to ensure INDCs adhere to all transparency guidance ...
... published by governments at any point in time. To improve transparency, we also offer the following general recommendations to governments, negotiators, and other practitioners: Review the Lima Call for Climate Action and WRI’s Open Book framework to ensure INDCs adhere to all transparency guidance ...
Economic Analysis of Climate-Proofing Investment Projects
... By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3 ...
... By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3 ...
Working Paper 235 - Watkiss and Cimato (opens in new window)
... assistance and capacity building to enable mainstreaming to occur. This remains an emerging area, and further practical orientated research and support is needed. The second area of interest has explored the analysis and appraisal of efforts to build (adaptive) capacity. This follows the recent adap ...
... assistance and capacity building to enable mainstreaming to occur. This remains an emerging area, and further practical orientated research and support is needed. The second area of interest has explored the analysis and appraisal of efforts to build (adaptive) capacity. This follows the recent adap ...
En56-155-2000E - Publications du gouvernement du Canada
... trajectories, latitudinal and elevational ecotone shifts, extended growing season) and regional (sea-level rise, increased forest fire frequency and severity, diminished sea and lake-ice cover, waning permafrost, altered freshet and seasonal hydrology, wetland loses, retreat of low elevation glacier ...
... trajectories, latitudinal and elevational ecotone shifts, extended growing season) and regional (sea-level rise, increased forest fire frequency and severity, diminished sea and lake-ice cover, waning permafrost, altered freshet and seasonal hydrology, wetland loses, retreat of low elevation glacier ...
REDD and the effort to limit global warming to 2°C
... Deforestation emissions arise in a number of ways. The largest source is the carbon dioxide which enters the atmosphere when the carbon stored in trees (and other forms of vegetation) is released as a result of burning or as unburned organic matter decays over time. Deforestation also disrupts soil, ...
... Deforestation emissions arise in a number of ways. The largest source is the carbon dioxide which enters the atmosphere when the carbon stored in trees (and other forms of vegetation) is released as a result of burning or as unburned organic matter decays over time. Deforestation also disrupts soil, ...
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. (2010) Adapting Institutions to Climate Change, Twenty-eighth report
... Recent legislation and government policy does indeed require adaptation to climate change to be addressed, but little detailed attention has been given to the central issue of this study, which focuses on capabilities of institutions – on the organisations and the institutional frameworks which regu ...
... Recent legislation and government policy does indeed require adaptation to climate change to be addressed, but little detailed attention has been given to the central issue of this study, which focuses on capabilities of institutions – on the organisations and the institutional frameworks which regu ...
National Water Program Strategy Response to Climate Change
... and lower low flows), increase the velocity of water during high flow periods and increase erosion. These changes will have adverse effects on water quality and aquatic system health. For example, increases in intense rainfall result in more nutrients, pathogens, and toxins being washed into waterbo ...
... and lower low flows), increase the velocity of water during high flow periods and increase erosion. These changes will have adverse effects on water quality and aquatic system health. For example, increases in intense rainfall result in more nutrients, pathogens, and toxins being washed into waterbo ...
Grenada - Climate Investment Funds
... Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as Grenada are characterized by their relatively small size and remoteness, limited natural resource base, limited human capacity and technical capability, and fragile ecosystems. Grenada is also susceptible to the vagaries of natural hazards like hurricane ...
... Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as Grenada are characterized by their relatively small size and remoteness, limited natural resource base, limited human capacity and technical capability, and fragile ecosystems. Grenada is also susceptible to the vagaries of natural hazards like hurricane ...
5. Analysis of effects of the megatrends - Eionet Forum
... The megatrends shaping the world’s future will affect the global environment, and they will ultimately have both direct and indirect consequences for Europe. However, those consequences may not necessarily arise directly from the drivers and megatrends, but also indirectly as the effects of megatren ...
... The megatrends shaping the world’s future will affect the global environment, and they will ultimately have both direct and indirect consequences for Europe. However, those consequences may not necessarily arise directly from the drivers and megatrends, but also indirectly as the effects of megatren ...
PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: An Implementation Guide
... designed to assist local government elected officials and staff, including planners, engineers, chief administrative officers, financial officers and others, to plan and act in ways that will make their communities more resilient to the impacts of climate change. The effects of a changing climate va ...
... designed to assist local government elected officials and staff, including planners, engineers, chief administrative officers, financial officers and others, to plan and act in ways that will make their communities more resilient to the impacts of climate change. The effects of a changing climate va ...
DRAFT P W
... 50-breach scenario. The results showed that the impacts for different users were dependant on the availability of alternative water supply resources. It was also recognized that the results were contingent on the month of failure occurrence (July in the analysis) and the hydrologic conditions for th ...
... 50-breach scenario. The results showed that the impacts for different users were dependant on the availability of alternative water supply resources. It was also recognized that the results were contingent on the month of failure occurrence (July in the analysis) and the hydrologic conditions for th ...
River Basin Management in a changing climate
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
The High Mountain Asia glacier contribution to sea
... glaciers have lost mass over the past few decades, although with significant regional differences (e.g. Bolch and others, 2012; Yao and others, 2012; Gardner and others, 2013). The response of these glaciers to future climate change is a topic of concern especially to the many people who rely on gla ...
... glaciers have lost mass over the past few decades, although with significant regional differences (e.g. Bolch and others, 2012; Yao and others, 2012; Gardner and others, 2013). The response of these glaciers to future climate change is a topic of concern especially to the many people who rely on gla ...
PDF
... anticipatory and reactive adaptation. They demonstrate the substitutability of mitigation and adaptation which claims for a joint determination of the two in international climate negotiation. They also demonstrate that the introduction of uncertainty on the amount and geographical distribution of e ...
... anticipatory and reactive adaptation. They demonstrate the substitutability of mitigation and adaptation which claims for a joint determination of the two in international climate negotiation. They also demonstrate that the introduction of uncertainty on the amount and geographical distribution of e ...
Sea-Level Rise
... 2. Sea-level rise and socioeconomic projections Sea levels have been changing naturally for thousands of years, from geological changes causing natural subsidence or uplift (in response to the melting of large ice sheets from the last ice age or tectonic changes) and natural climatic variability. Ho ...
... 2. Sea-level rise and socioeconomic projections Sea levels have been changing naturally for thousands of years, from geological changes causing natural subsidence or uplift (in response to the melting of large ice sheets from the last ice age or tectonic changes) and natural climatic variability. Ho ...
Climate change feedback
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Permafrost_thaw_ponds_in_Hudson_Bay_Canada_near_Greenland.jpg?width=300)
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""