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Virology Congress and Expo
Virology Congress and Expo

... Title: A quantum-chemical model of the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase action by molecular iodine Gulnara A Yuldasheva, Scientific Centre for Anti-Infectious Drugs, Kazakhstan Title: Control of infection with Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) by humanized neutralizing anti-HTLV-1 gp46 antibo ...
Quantitative assessment of resistance to fusion inhibitors in a
Quantitative assessment of resistance to fusion inhibitors in a

... BACKGROUND: Fusion between HIV-env and target cells is now accepted as a valid target for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, like other drugs used in HAART, this new class of fusion inhibitors can experience a rapid escape of HIV via rather stochastic mutations of the HIV genome with subsequent ...
Viral gastroenteritis
Viral gastroenteritis

...  The major cause of diarrhea in infants & young children.  Seven groups ( A – G ) , group A is the most important one. ...
Infectious Disease 2008
Infectious Disease 2008

... epidemic — An outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads among many individuals in an area or a population at the same time. pandemic — An outbreak of a contagious disease that affects an entire population over a wide geographical area. A pandemic affects a far higher number of people and a much ...
Human swine influenza A [H1N1]: Practical advice for
Human swine influenza A [H1N1]: Practical advice for

... of swine flu compared to those with many cases such as Mexico, the USA and Canada. It is important to remember that the case definition will be refined during the course of the epidemic. By way of example, for countries such as Australia with currently only 400 cases, the New South Wales Department of ...
etiological aspects of gastro-enteritis
etiological aspects of gastro-enteritis

K-958 Epidemiology and Outcome of Bloodstream Infections in
K-958 Epidemiology and Outcome of Bloodstream Infections in

... patients who were neutropenic due to hematological malignancies and febrile enrolled to the study. Blood samples were obtained on the first and third day of fever for the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis fac ...
fs_west_nile virus.indd
fs_west_nile virus.indd

... workers, and other outdoor workers. In one confirmed case, a single organ donor transmitted the WNV to four recipients. The donor had previously received numerous blood transfusions but it is not known how the donor contracted the virus. As of November 2004, no recorded cases of WNV have been transm ...
Isolation and Physiological Characterization of a New Algicidal Virus
Isolation and Physiological Characterization of a New Algicidal Virus

Use of steroids for prolonged cholestasis secondary to
Use of steroids for prolonged cholestasis secondary to

... et al. reported three patients who started treatment with oral prednisolone at a dose of 30 mg/day despite having much lower levels of direct bilirubin (19, 27 and 31 mg/dL, respectively). In that study, patients were given steroid therapy with gradually reduced doses for variable durations (8 to 12 ...
Personal Protective Equipment PPE
Personal Protective Equipment PPE

... The storage of PPE should be in a place that is easy for people to collect it and put it on. If a service user is isolated and relatives and friends are required to use PPE to prevent the spread of infection then PPE should be supplied in an obvious way to tell people they are required to use it, su ...
View Course
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... Pathology of hepatitis The mechanisms-of-action of hepatitis A, B and C are not clear; however, it is known that the viruses damage the hepatocytes, the functional units of the liver. The hepatocytes are damaged in one of two ways: the direct action of the virus, as with HCV, or through a cell-media ...
visiting nurse association - For Medical Professionals
visiting nurse association - For Medical Professionals

... G. Patient health care solutions may only be used according to these guidelines: 1. Do not use any solution past its expiration date, even if unopened. 2. Original solutions of alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and betadine may be used up to one month after opening. Date bottle when opened; if not dated, ...
Bloodborne-Pathogens-and-Hand-Hygiene
Bloodborne-Pathogens-and-Hand-Hygiene

... or bodily fluids, transfusions, dialysis, tattooing, etc.  No treatment; most adults clear infection spontaneously.  Treatment to stop virus from replicating: ...
Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with
Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with

... Due to the sporadic nature of the disease, with cases and small outbreaks distributed over a wide geographic area, investigation of the natural history of infection has been limited. Except individual case descriptions, chronological data summarizing the main viral diagnostic parameters, such as vir ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

...  Conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes  Activated oncogenes transform normal cells into cancerous cells  Transformed cells have increased growth, loss of contact inhibition, tumor-specific transplant antigens, and T antigens  Oncogenic Viruses are responsible for 10 % of human cancers Copy ...
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

... Upper Respiratory Tract Infection The upper respiratory tract includes the sinuses, nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx. These structures direct the air we breathe from the outside to the trachea and eventually to the lungs for respiration to take place. An upper respiratory tract infection, or uppe ...
Enterovirus Infection and Type 1 Diabetes: Closing in on a Link?
Enterovirus Infection and Type 1 Diabetes: Closing in on a Link?

... with frequent clinical observations that patients have viral infections just prior to diabetes onset. Despite this important finding, only 1.7% of the islets contained some of the overall 60 intensely VP1+ cells detected. Looking at these relatively low numbers, one might think that 60 VP1+ cells in ...
Bloodborne Pathogen in the Workplace
Bloodborne Pathogen in the Workplace

... virus-bearing serum, most often during blood transfusions and by contaminated needles and syringes. • Hepatitis B is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact. • Hepatitis B virus is very durable, and it can survive in dried blood for up to seven days. This virus is the primary concern ...
Talan Proximity Ukraine Credentials
Talan Proximity Ukraine Credentials

... guerilla marketing department when they were exchanged at credentials meetings, they created this low cost, highly effective business card stamp. ...
Resurgence of HPAI in Birds and Mechanisms of Transmission
Resurgence of HPAI in Birds and Mechanisms of Transmission

... With carnivores, consumption of infected birds or their products have been associated with infections. Consumption of infected meat by ferrets resulted in respiratory system infection with A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/209/05 and A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 viruses, or in both severe respiratory and sys ...
Chapter 19 Practice Multiple Choice
Chapter 19 Practice Multiple Choice

... humans who eat the pig products can be infected. c. A flu virus from a human epidemic or pandemic infects birds; the birds replicate the virus differently and then pass it back to humans. d. An influenza virus gains new sequences of DNA from another virus, such as a herpesvirus; this enables it to b ...
Roseola infantum - River Hills Pediatrics
Roseola infantum - River Hills Pediatrics

... viral infection of young children. It is also called exanthem subitum or sixth disease, or simply roseola. What is the cause of roseola? It is caused by human herpes virus type 6 and is spread from person to person by droplets from the nose or mouth travelling through the air or by direct contact. T ...
Pathogenicity and Infection
Pathogenicity and Infection

... Pathogenicity and Infectious Disease • Infection – a parasite growing and multiplying within/on a host – may or may not result in overt infectious disease – usually accompanied by an immune response ...
RISK OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE SPREAD OUTSIDE OF AFRICA
RISK OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE SPREAD OUTSIDE OF AFRICA

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Human cytomegalovirus



Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the Cytomegalovirus genus of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as HCMV or, commonly but more ambiguously, as CMV. It is also known as human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). Within Herpesviridae, HCMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes cytomegaloviruses from other mammals.Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants. After infection, HCMV remains latent within the body throughout life and can be reactivated at any time. Eventually, it may cause mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies such as prostate cancer.HCMV is found throughout all geographic locations and socioeconomic groups, and infects between 60% and 70% of adults in industrialized countries and almost 100% in emerging countries.Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive immunity in the host and represents a life-long burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction.Commonly it is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the general population. Seroprevalence is age-dependent: 58.9% of individuals aged 6 and older are infected with CMV while 90.8% of individuals aged 80 and older are positive for HCMV. HCMV is also the virus most frequently transmitted to a developing fetus.HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. Congenital HCMV is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability in childrenCMV also ""seems to have a large impact on immune parameters in later life and may contribute to increased morbidity and eventual mortality.""
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