Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past
... Ó 2013 American Meteorological Society ...
... Ó 2013 American Meteorological Society ...
Phasing Down the Use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
... in air conditioners and other products, to make insulating foams, and as solvents. Unlike the chemicals they replaced, HFCs do not harm the ozone layer, but are potent greenhouse gases, with much greater short-term climate impact than carbon dioxide.2 Recent scientific estimates suggest that phasing ...
... in air conditioners and other products, to make insulating foams, and as solvents. Unlike the chemicals they replaced, HFCs do not harm the ozone layer, but are potent greenhouse gases, with much greater short-term climate impact than carbon dioxide.2 Recent scientific estimates suggest that phasing ...
Governing Climate Change: Towards a New Paradigm for Risk
... gained in one area could be productively deployed in the other. The article concludes with a plea for the further articulation of a new risk regulation paradigm that adequately reflects the character and scale of the environmental risks that society faces today. THE RISK REGULATION PARADIGM ...
... gained in one area could be productively deployed in the other. The article concludes with a plea for the further articulation of a new risk regulation paradigm that adequately reflects the character and scale of the environmental risks that society faces today. THE RISK REGULATION PARADIGM ...
DRAFT Climate Change TM
... planning for the water sector. In October 2008, DWR released the first state-level climate change adaptation strategy for water resources in the United States, and the first adaptation strategy for any sector in California. Entitled Managing an Uncertain Future: Climate Change Adaptation Strategies ...
... planning for the water sector. In October 2008, DWR released the first state-level climate change adaptation strategy for water resources in the United States, and the first adaptation strategy for any sector in California. Entitled Managing an Uncertain Future: Climate Change Adaptation Strategies ...
Use of Traditional Weather/Climate Knowledge by Farmers
... Organization (WMO), Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM), workshop in Slovenia in 2002, were among the first to write, from within the agrometeorology, on the use of traditional methods and indigenous technologies for coping with climate variability. The paper reviews the options that Low ...
... Organization (WMO), Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM), workshop in Slovenia in 2002, were among the first to write, from within the agrometeorology, on the use of traditional methods and indigenous technologies for coping with climate variability. The paper reviews the options that Low ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... To assess the degree with which climate models capture the key features of the DCC, we calculate three main statistics describing the typical DCC in each season in climate model outputs and compare them with those obtained from satellite observations and reanalysis data. The potential impacts of the ...
... To assess the degree with which climate models capture the key features of the DCC, we calculate three main statistics describing the typical DCC in each season in climate model outputs and compare them with those obtained from satellite observations and reanalysis data. The potential impacts of the ...
Public understanding of climate change and adaptation
... Adaptation practices were variably reported in the survey. When asked what they could do to protect themselves from extreme heat related to climate change, 26% of respondents summoned behavioural strategies such as staying out of the sun, drinking water, and drawing window shades. Notably, 24% of re ...
... Adaptation practices were variably reported in the survey. When asked what they could do to protect themselves from extreme heat related to climate change, 26% of respondents summoned behavioural strategies such as staying out of the sun, drinking water, and drawing window shades. Notably, 24% of re ...
Adaptation made to measure
... With its wide-ranging impacts, climate change has become one of the major challenges to humankind. More frequent natural disasters, mounting weather extremes, increasing water scarcity, flooded coastal areas and accelerated species extinction count among the direct impacts of climate change in almos ...
... With its wide-ranging impacts, climate change has become one of the major challenges to humankind. More frequent natural disasters, mounting weather extremes, increasing water scarcity, flooded coastal areas and accelerated species extinction count among the direct impacts of climate change in almos ...
LCCARL398_en.pdf
... on the agricultural sector in the Caribbean under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B2 scenarios. More specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate agricultural o ...
... on the agricultural sector in the Caribbean under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B2 scenarios. More specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate agricultural o ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Abies spectabilis
... LPJ-GUESS: (a) sub-tropical climate zone, (b) lower-temperate climate zone, (c) upper-temperate climate zone, (d) lower-subalpine climate zone, (e) upper-subalpine climate zone and (f) lower-alpine climate zone ......................................................................................... ...
... LPJ-GUESS: (a) sub-tropical climate zone, (b) lower-temperate climate zone, (c) upper-temperate climate zone, (d) lower-subalpine climate zone, (e) upper-subalpine climate zone and (f) lower-alpine climate zone ......................................................................................... ...
Mk3.5 simulations
... Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (inform initial state versus underlying trend) ...
... Time scale is short enough that differences in the emissions scenarios of GHGs do not matter much Expect a well initialised model to provide improved projections over this time scale than a non-initialised model (inform initial state versus underlying trend) ...
Climate Factsheets - Public Interest Research Centre
... (most notably the Arctic) is the same as the nearest weather station (within reason33).34,35 HadCRUT and NCDC make no such assumption,36 effectively assuming that the temperature change in these areas is the same as the average.37 GISTEMP has slightly higher estimates of average global temperatures ...
... (most notably the Arctic) is the same as the nearest weather station (within reason33).34,35 HadCRUT and NCDC make no such assumption,36 effectively assuming that the temperature change in these areas is the same as the average.37 GISTEMP has slightly higher estimates of average global temperatures ...
New Explanation for Evaporation Paradox
... physical-based theories. Recently, some famous scholars developed a PenPan model based on the mass and energy balance in Australia. A limitation of these studies is that they adopted Class-A pans, which have a diameter of 1.21 m and a depth of 0.254 m. However, evaporative pans widely used in China ...
... physical-based theories. Recently, some famous scholars developed a PenPan model based on the mass and energy balance in Australia. A limitation of these studies is that they adopted Class-A pans, which have a diameter of 1.21 m and a depth of 0.254 m. However, evaporative pans widely used in China ...
Corporate Responses in an Emerging Climate Regime
... moving ahead on climate change, while those lagging behind are being assigned more risk. (Cogan, 2006, p. 1) As firms move from an oppositional political response toward preparation for a carbon-constrained future, they display a wide range of strategies (Kolk and Pinkse, 2005). Investing in low emi ...
... moving ahead on climate change, while those lagging behind are being assigned more risk. (Cogan, 2006, p. 1) As firms move from an oppositional political response toward preparation for a carbon-constrained future, they display a wide range of strategies (Kolk and Pinkse, 2005). Investing in low emi ...
AAA vol 2 CD.indb - Department of Geography
... In general, increasing air temperatures will have a direct influence on ground-temperature regimes and, therefore, on permafrost and ground ice. A major consequence of warming of the lower atmosphere is an increase in activelayer thickness, which induces permafrost degradation and amplifies the rate ...
... In general, increasing air temperatures will have a direct influence on ground-temperature regimes and, therefore, on permafrost and ground ice. A major consequence of warming of the lower atmosphere is an increase in activelayer thickness, which induces permafrost degradation and amplifies the rate ...
Full Text - Oxford Academic
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
come heat and high water: climate risk in the southeastern us and
... »»The Southeast and Texas are high-emitting and high energy-use regions, mainly due to their economic reliance on energy- and emission-intensive sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, oil and gas production and mining. »»As temperatures rise and individual households and businesses increase the ...
... »»The Southeast and Texas are high-emitting and high energy-use regions, mainly due to their economic reliance on energy- and emission-intensive sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, oil and gas production and mining. »»As temperatures rise and individual households and businesses increase the ...
Republic of Gambia, Initial National Communication
... Cooperation with multilateral agencies Cooperation with bilateral governments Future cooperation requirements ...
... Cooperation with multilateral agencies Cooperation with bilateral governments Future cooperation requirements ...
The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on
... study explores and aims to unpack the drivers and process to develop Joint National Action Plans on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAPs), primary DRM legislation, and sustainable development plans addressing DRR and CCA in selected Pacific island countries (PICs). It also briefly disc ...
... study explores and aims to unpack the drivers and process to develop Joint National Action Plans on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAPs), primary DRM legislation, and sustainable development plans addressing DRR and CCA in selected Pacific island countries (PICs). It also briefly disc ...
An Analysis of Black Carbon Mitigation as a Response to Climate
... Reducing the cost of moving to a low or zero carbon economy can also make a worldwide agreement to reduce GHG emissions more likely. Since reductions in black carbon emissions can delay warming for a matter of decades,10 black carbon policies can buy time for R&D to achieve these kinds of cost reduc ...
... Reducing the cost of moving to a low or zero carbon economy can also make a worldwide agreement to reduce GHG emissions more likely. Since reductions in black carbon emissions can delay warming for a matter of decades,10 black carbon policies can buy time for R&D to achieve these kinds of cost reduc ...
A Region Responds to a Changing Climate
... Welcome to the first Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan. The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Compact), a unique and collaborative effort among Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe Counties, their municipalities and partners, has worked over the past two years to dev ...
... Welcome to the first Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan. The Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Compact), a unique and collaborative effort among Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe Counties, their municipalities and partners, has worked over the past two years to dev ...
Progress in Oceanography
... that surface salinity contrast between the Atlantic and Pacific may be important for the global conveyor belt or the thermohaline circulation (THC) (Seidov and Haupt, 2003). Increased rainfall to the northern high latitudes in combination with melting Arctic sea-ice and increased river runoff could pr ...
... that surface salinity contrast between the Atlantic and Pacific may be important for the global conveyor belt or the thermohaline circulation (THC) (Seidov and Haupt, 2003). Increased rainfall to the northern high latitudes in combination with melting Arctic sea-ice and increased river runoff could pr ...
Feedbacks and mechanisms affecting the global
... 21st century. The latter also reflects the result that over long timescales, there was no simple relation between rates of glacier-mass loss and temperature change during the 20th century (Leclercq et al., 2011; Marzeion et al., 2012). There are a number of assessments that explain some of the mecha ...
... 21st century. The latter also reflects the result that over long timescales, there was no simple relation between rates of glacier-mass loss and temperature change during the 20th century (Leclercq et al., 2011; Marzeion et al., 2012). There are a number of assessments that explain some of the mecha ...
Environmentally Induced Migration and Displacement - sid
... The impacts of climate change on the environment and human mobility are becoming increasingly worrying: the number of natural disasters has doubled over the past two decades. Every year 30 million people worldwide are forced to move because of serious degradation of environmental conditions, natural ...
... The impacts of climate change on the environment and human mobility are becoming increasingly worrying: the number of natural disasters has doubled over the past two decades. Every year 30 million people worldwide are forced to move because of serious degradation of environmental conditions, natural ...
countryside council for wales
... other times. Saltmarsh soil can behave quite differently with typical saltmarsh soils acting as a sink for methane and the humus-rich soils as a source. Carbon cycling in intertidal mud flat sediments in the Scheldt Estuary was studied using measurements of carbon dioxide and methane emission rates ...
... other times. Saltmarsh soil can behave quite differently with typical saltmarsh soils acting as a sink for methane and the humus-rich soils as a source. Carbon cycling in intertidal mud flat sediments in the Scheldt Estuary was studied using measurements of carbon dioxide and methane emission rates ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.