A ricardian analysis of the distribution of climate change impacts on
... The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the ...
... The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the ...
Summary Report of the Durban Mountain Day on 4 December 2011
... borders that climate change and ecosystems do not recognize. She emphasized the need to make livelihoods and value chains climate-proof, and suggested an ecosystem-based adaptation approach and community vulnerability assessments as important steps in this process. Scholz noted that GIZ recently beg ...
... borders that climate change and ecosystems do not recognize. She emphasized the need to make livelihoods and value chains climate-proof, and suggested an ecosystem-based adaptation approach and community vulnerability assessments as important steps in this process. Scholz noted that GIZ recently beg ...
Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the evidence say?
... Literatures in archeological/paleo-climatological studies, psychology studies, political science studies and econometric studies provide insight into the possible association between climate and conflict or instability. We organize these works into two categories based on the period of observation, ...
... Literatures in archeological/paleo-climatological studies, psychology studies, political science studies and econometric studies provide insight into the possible association between climate and conflict or instability. We organize these works into two categories based on the period of observation, ...
1 Biogeographic and Trophic Restructuring of the Biosphere: The
... industry, act similarly10. Known consequences include a shifting of the ranges of plant and animal species towards the poles (covered later in this paper) and expected consequences from climate modeling include higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot days and fewer cold ones, dryer summers ...
... industry, act similarly10. Known consequences include a shifting of the ranges of plant and animal species towards the poles (covered later in this paper) and expected consequences from climate modeling include higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot days and fewer cold ones, dryer summers ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
Government of Nepal Ministry of Population and Environment
... contributors to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). With aspirations of development and improving the country’s economy; its development agenda is constrained given that it is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse impacts of climate change. 1. Nepal’s vulnerability to climate cha ...
... contributors to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). With aspirations of development and improving the country’s economy; its development agenda is constrained given that it is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse impacts of climate change. 1. Nepal’s vulnerability to climate cha ...
Projected climate change impacts on forest land cover and land use
... productivity (Latta et al. 2010), and changes in tree species composition (Coops and Waring 2011). In the Pacific Northwest, these potential impacts have been studied using climate change scenarios and a variety of empirical or process-based modeling approaches (Rogers et al. 2011; Shafer et al. 200 ...
... productivity (Latta et al. 2010), and changes in tree species composition (Coops and Waring 2011). In the Pacific Northwest, these potential impacts have been studied using climate change scenarios and a variety of empirical or process-based modeling approaches (Rogers et al. 2011; Shafer et al. 200 ...
Climate Change and the World Council of Churches
... 1974 to launch a study on science and technology which culminated in a major conference at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1979. One of the organizing foci for the Budapest 1974 event was to reflect on the Club of Rome’s report Limits to Growth. A key contribution of that event and re ...
... 1974 to launch a study on science and technology which culminated in a major conference at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1979. One of the organizing foci for the Budapest 1974 event was to reflect on the Club of Rome’s report Limits to Growth. A key contribution of that event and re ...
PROXY MEMORANDUM To: Marathon Petroleum Corporation
... revenues associated with various scenarios. Without additional details indicating that the company is setting long-term goals that incorporate changing levels of demand, using an internal price on carbon to inform decision-making, or testing the company’s short- and longterm business plans and capi ...
... revenues associated with various scenarios. Without additional details indicating that the company is setting long-term goals that incorporate changing levels of demand, using an internal price on carbon to inform decision-making, or testing the company’s short- and longterm business plans and capi ...
Nuclear war does not cause extinction from climate
... half the amount of oxygen. Desertification and deforestation are rapidly accelerating this long-term loss of oxygen sources. The story at sea is much the same. Nasa reports that in the north Pacific ocean oxygen-producing phytoplankton concentrations are 30% lower today, compared to the 1980s. This ...
... half the amount of oxygen. Desertification and deforestation are rapidly accelerating this long-term loss of oxygen sources. The story at sea is much the same. Nasa reports that in the north Pacific ocean oxygen-producing phytoplankton concentrations are 30% lower today, compared to the 1980s. This ...
Characterising half a degree difference: A review of methods for
... time series (relative to 1861–1890) for different model runs, from Betts et al.44 Model runs which exceed 4 C are highlighted in orange. (c) Schematic illustration of pattern scaling: for each model (shown by different colors), regional climate anomalies are regressed against global temperature, an ...
... time series (relative to 1861–1890) for different model runs, from Betts et al.44 Model runs which exceed 4 C are highlighted in orange. (c) Schematic illustration of pattern scaling: for each model (shown by different colors), regional climate anomalies are regressed against global temperature, an ...
... a change in climate may lead to a mismatch between the timing of migration and resource availability in the birds' wintering and breeding areas. This mismatch may be difficult to overcome by natural selection if climatic changes occur rapidly (Potti, 1998; Bradley et al., 1999; Both & Visser, 2001; ...
Coping with climate variability and climate change in La Ceiba
... system that could cope with the estimated increased flooding would cost one-third more than building a system to handle current climate conditions, but would avoid costlier reconstruction in the future. The flow of the Rio Cangrejal would increase by one-third from more intense hurricanes. The costs ...
... system that could cope with the estimated increased flooding would cost one-third more than building a system to handle current climate conditions, but would avoid costlier reconstruction in the future. The flow of the Rio Cangrejal would increase by one-third from more intense hurricanes. The costs ...
Poverty and Climate Change
... limiting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We also reaffirm that industrialized countries should take the lead in combating climate change and its adverse effects. We share a commitment to assisting and working with poor people, partner governments, civil societies, and the private sector in copin ...
... limiting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We also reaffirm that industrialized countries should take the lead in combating climate change and its adverse effects. We share a commitment to assisting and working with poor people, partner governments, civil societies, and the private sector in copin ...
Communicating Climate Change through ICT
... Western societies have long been characterized by a complex relationship with weather and climate. Analysis of climate discourses since the Middle Ages [15] indicates a pattern of fear related to extreme weather events and climate change. Contemporary climate change discourse is one of fear about fu ...
... Western societies have long been characterized by a complex relationship with weather and climate. Analysis of climate discourses since the Middle Ages [15] indicates a pattern of fear related to extreme weather events and climate change. Contemporary climate change discourse is one of fear about fu ...
The Next 20 Years: A Time of Transformation
... Tipping points: breakdowns and breakthroughs The loss of productive land (due to spreading cities, topsoil erosion and desertification), productive oceans (due to overfishing, acidification and pollution), productive forests and biodiversity (e.g. pollinators) is having increasingly negative economi ...
... Tipping points: breakdowns and breakthroughs The loss of productive land (due to spreading cities, topsoil erosion and desertification), productive oceans (due to overfishing, acidification and pollution), productive forests and biodiversity (e.g. pollinators) is having increasingly negative economi ...
1. Introduction
... One advantage of this strategy is that it enables local decision makers to move beyond the debates over climate science that have often plagued climate change politics at the national and global levels (Sarewitz and Pielke Jr. 2000). Several officials in U.S. CCP communities noted that it really doe ...
... One advantage of this strategy is that it enables local decision makers to move beyond the debates over climate science that have often plagued climate change politics at the national and global levels (Sarewitz and Pielke Jr. 2000). Several officials in U.S. CCP communities noted that it really doe ...
The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries
... studies. The experimental studies have been done in controlled settings such as laboratories or greenhouses (see Reilly et al., 1996 for a good summary of experimental results in agriculture). These studies carefully control for unwanted variables but they struggle to include adaptation fully. In co ...
... studies. The experimental studies have been done in controlled settings such as laboratories or greenhouses (see Reilly et al., 1996 for a good summary of experimental results in agriculture). These studies carefully control for unwanted variables but they struggle to include adaptation fully. In co ...
Slide 1
... Following the unprecedented ice melt in Summer 2007, the thickness of ice fell by nearly half a metre (19%) in large parts of the Arctic in comparison to the previous five winters. The Arctic ocean is predicted to be ice free by the end of summer 2012, causing catastrophic climate change with i ...
... Following the unprecedented ice melt in Summer 2007, the thickness of ice fell by nearly half a metre (19%) in large parts of the Arctic in comparison to the previous five winters. The Arctic ocean is predicted to be ice free by the end of summer 2012, causing catastrophic climate change with i ...
et al
... model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are significant opportunities to intervene through better polic ...
... model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are significant opportunities to intervene through better polic ...
- Urban Gateway
... Climate change effects and risks must be mainstreamed into development planning and investment. Most adaptation actions are not new to Viet Nam and are about doing more and better of what would be done without CC. However, several climate change effects are new to specific regions and communities, s ...
... Climate change effects and risks must be mainstreamed into development planning and investment. Most adaptation actions are not new to Viet Nam and are about doing more and better of what would be done without CC. However, several climate change effects are new to specific regions and communities, s ...
ENSEMBLES Project Plan WP 6
... American Geophysical Union (AGU) and it can be downloaded from the ENSEMBLES website. EOS, Vol. 85, No. 52, 28 December 2004 RT0 is the management team ...
... American Geophysical Union (AGU) and it can be downloaded from the ENSEMBLES website. EOS, Vol. 85, No. 52, 28 December 2004 RT0 is the management team ...
The greenhouse effect and the 2nd law of thermodynamics
... rather than the atmospheric greenhouse effect. ...
... rather than the atmospheric greenhouse effect. ...
Woodland and our changing environment
... A global commitment to reduce CO2 emissions was signed in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. Although emissions reduction is the focus of the Kyoto Protocol, the agreement also has provisions to encourage the protection and expansion of forests to help lock up carbon in the form of wood. Young forests that are ...
... A global commitment to reduce CO2 emissions was signed in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. Although emissions reduction is the focus of the Kyoto Protocol, the agreement also has provisions to encourage the protection and expansion of forests to help lock up carbon in the form of wood. Young forests that are ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.