Climate Change Detection and Attribution: Beyond Mean
... Also, appreciation of the complexities of the numerous types of anthropogenic and natural forcings is growing rapidly. Additional climate forcings have been identified recently, such as several types of aerosols, changes in land use, urbanization, and irrigation practices (e.g., Dolman et al. 2003; ...
... Also, appreciation of the complexities of the numerous types of anthropogenic and natural forcings is growing rapidly. Additional climate forcings have been identified recently, such as several types of aerosols, changes in land use, urbanization, and irrigation practices (e.g., Dolman et al. 2003; ...
Local atmospheric decoupling in complex topography alters climate
... ABSTRACT: Cold air drainage and pooling occur in many mountain valleys, especially at night and during winter. Local climate regimes associated with frequent cold air pooling have substantial impacts on species phenology, distribution and diversity. However, little is known about how the degree and ...
... ABSTRACT: Cold air drainage and pooling occur in many mountain valleys, especially at night and during winter. Local climate regimes associated with frequent cold air pooling have substantial impacts on species phenology, distribution and diversity. However, little is known about how the degree and ...
The Quiet Tsunami: The Ecological, Economic, Social, and Political
... change and around 0.025 per cent of global GDP (ibid., 14). Specific economic impacts matter in politics. On average, the United States annually derives US$4 billion of primary value from commercial harvests from American waters and at-sea processing (NOAA 2011a). Approximately 24 per cent of this f ...
... change and around 0.025 per cent of global GDP (ibid., 14). Specific economic impacts matter in politics. On average, the United States annually derives US$4 billion of primary value from commercial harvests from American waters and at-sea processing (NOAA 2011a). Approximately 24 per cent of this f ...
Stakeholder perceptions
... (ACPWP), 128 national and regional forest industry associations and community forest users groups, heads of forest services in 168 countries and members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF). In all cases the request was made for the survey to be on forwarded to the membership of the var ...
... (ACPWP), 128 national and regional forest industry associations and community forest users groups, heads of forest services in 168 countries and members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF). In all cases the request was made for the survey to be on forwarded to the membership of the var ...
Status of the international climate change negotiations
... Main issues in the post-2012 negotiations Outcomes of Copenhagen and outlook to Cancun UNFCCC secretariat in supporting the negotiations ...
... Main issues in the post-2012 negotiations Outcomes of Copenhagen and outlook to Cancun UNFCCC secretariat in supporting the negotiations ...
ESTIMATION OF HEAT WAVE INDICES FROM CLIMATE MODEL
... Since the late 1800s, the atmospheric concentrations have made an increase of carbon dioxide and other trace greenhouse gases (GHG) as a result of human activities, such as fossil-fuel combustion and land-use change. Changes in the atmospheric concentrations of GHGs and aerosols, land cover and sola ...
... Since the late 1800s, the atmospheric concentrations have made an increase of carbon dioxide and other trace greenhouse gases (GHG) as a result of human activities, such as fossil-fuel combustion and land-use change. Changes in the atmospheric concentrations of GHGs and aerosols, land cover and sola ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... The concentration of a number of radiatively-important trace gases in the atmosphere is increasing because of human activities. Because they are very effective absorbers of longwave radiation, only small (trace) amounts can have large effects on the radiation balance. These gases include carbon diox ...
... The concentration of a number of radiatively-important trace gases in the atmosphere is increasing because of human activities. Because they are very effective absorbers of longwave radiation, only small (trace) amounts can have large effects on the radiation balance. These gases include carbon diox ...
An overview of regional land-use and land
... To investigate the likely impacts of this agriculture-related land-use change on surface energy partitioning and summer climate, as reported in Adegoke et al. (2006) a modeling study consisting of four land-use scenarios over the 15-day period from 1–15 July 1997 was conducted for this region. The f ...
... To investigate the likely impacts of this agriculture-related land-use change on surface energy partitioning and summer climate, as reported in Adegoke et al. (2006) a modeling study consisting of four land-use scenarios over the 15-day period from 1–15 July 1997 was conducted for this region. The f ...
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution
... in the atmosphere and have fostered temperature levels in recent centuries conducive to staggering rates of agricultural and economic productivity as well as population growth. Many of these gases are familiar to the most basic science student, largely “natural” in origin, as opposed to such convent ...
... in the atmosphere and have fostered temperature levels in recent centuries conducive to staggering rates of agricultural and economic productivity as well as population growth. Many of these gases are familiar to the most basic science student, largely “natural” in origin, as opposed to such convent ...
... To investigate the likely impacts of this agriculture-related land-use change on surface energy partitioning and summer climate, as reported in Adegoke et al. (2006) a modeling study consisting of four land-use scenarios over the 15-day period from 1–15 July 1997 was conducted for this region. The f ...
20.1 Atmosphere and Weather I
... In 1995, in its second assessment report, the IPCC stated cautiously, “The balance of evidence suggest a discernible human influence on global climate.” In the third, the tone of consensus had shifted, to the more definite statement that anthropogenic GHGs have “contributed substantially to the obse ...
... In 1995, in its second assessment report, the IPCC stated cautiously, “The balance of evidence suggest a discernible human influence on global climate.” In the third, the tone of consensus had shifted, to the more definite statement that anthropogenic GHGs have “contributed substantially to the obse ...
National Roadmap for Responding to Climate Change USDA Forest Service
... health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. Americans rely on their forests and grasslands for a wide range of benefits—for provisioning services such as water, wood, and wild foods; for regulating services such as e ...
... health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. Americans rely on their forests and grasslands for a wide range of benefits—for provisioning services such as water, wood, and wild foods; for regulating services such as e ...
Report
... On occasion these groups would travel, when the resource potential had expired for their particular area. These early humans were entirely dependant on the environment for food and shelter. This high dependence on the environment has eroded with time. The development of tools led to more efficient t ...
... On occasion these groups would travel, when the resource potential had expired for their particular area. These early humans were entirely dependant on the environment for food and shelter. This high dependence on the environment has eroded with time. The development of tools led to more efficient t ...
US re-engagement? -
... game around this issue. The US rejection of the Kyoto Protocol was a step-back for the international community and in my opinion made the Protocol “pale and weak”. Even though it came into force in 2005 following the ratification by Russia, it seems like the Protocol has landed in some kind of a no- ...
... game around this issue. The US rejection of the Kyoto Protocol was a step-back for the international community and in my opinion made the Protocol “pale and weak”. Even though it came into force in 2005 following the ratification by Russia, it seems like the Protocol has landed in some kind of a no- ...
Warsaw: On the Road to Paris
... Through a series of decisions adopted at COP 17 in Durban, South Africa, countries reaffirmed their resolve to tackle climate change. They further built on those decisions at COP 18 in Doha, Qatar. This resolve is yet to be put into action as global emissions continue to push the world towards warmi ...
... Through a series of decisions adopted at COP 17 in Durban, South Africa, countries reaffirmed their resolve to tackle climate change. They further built on those decisions at COP 18 in Doha, Qatar. This resolve is yet to be put into action as global emissions continue to push the world towards warmi ...
Does the terrestrial biosphere have planetary tipping points?
... scale tipping-point pattern. Factors that might limit direct biotic linkages include physical barriers to species movement, such as oceans and mountain ranges, as well as the range of climatic conditions to which specific species are adapted. Abiotic factors that can link ecosystem change between co ...
... scale tipping-point pattern. Factors that might limit direct biotic linkages include physical barriers to species movement, such as oceans and mountain ranges, as well as the range of climatic conditions to which specific species are adapted. Abiotic factors that can link ecosystem change between co ...
Climate change impacts on Australia`s alpine ecosystems
... seven bird species that migrate to alpine regions during spring have advanced by a month or more since the 1970s (reviewed: Chambers et al. 2005). Green (2010) examined the influence of temperature and thaw date on the arrival times of migratory birds and insects in the Kosciuszko alpine area over 3 ...
... seven bird species that migrate to alpine regions during spring have advanced by a month or more since the 1970s (reviewed: Chambers et al. 2005). Green (2010) examined the influence of temperature and thaw date on the arrival times of migratory birds and insects in the Kosciuszko alpine area over 3 ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... The need to consider climate risks is not new in Bolivia, which has a tradition of dealing with extreme climate events such as El Niño and La Niña. However, recent studies point to the intensification of such events due to climate change, affecting Bolivia’s water resources in particular. For instan ...
... The need to consider climate risks is not new in Bolivia, which has a tradition of dealing with extreme climate events such as El Niño and La Niña. However, recent studies point to the intensification of such events due to climate change, affecting Bolivia’s water resources in particular. For instan ...
Can International Law Improve the Climate
... This article will attempt an analysis of the Climate Change Convention and assess its significance within the global context of international problems which it attempted to resolve. Although the article will explore some controversial issues surrounding the Convention such as the position of the Uni ...
... This article will attempt an analysis of the Climate Change Convention and assess its significance within the global context of international problems which it attempted to resolve. Although the article will explore some controversial issues surrounding the Convention such as the position of the Uni ...
Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming
... As the size of recent reports by the alarmist Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and its skeptical counterpart, the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate (NIPCC) suggest, climate science is a complex and highly technical subject, making simplistic claims about what “all” or “m ...
... As the size of recent reports by the alarmist Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and its skeptical counterpart, the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate (NIPCC) suggest, climate science is a complex and highly technical subject, making simplistic claims about what “all” or “m ...
What is STAP? - Global Environment Facility
... Responsible for targeted research (project reviews and policy [ Principles for GEF financing of Targeted Research, 1997]) ...
... Responsible for targeted research (project reviews and policy [ Principles for GEF financing of Targeted Research, 1997]) ...
Document
... back and forth; yet others are true migrations. Most – though not all – occur on a local scale. During the 1984 technological disaster in Bhopal, India (toxic gas leakage from a pesticide factory), residents who did not know what was happening stayed put while others fled in panic; many of those who ...
... back and forth; yet others are true migrations. Most – though not all – occur on a local scale. During the 1984 technological disaster in Bhopal, India (toxic gas leakage from a pesticide factory), residents who did not know what was happening stayed put while others fled in panic; many of those who ...
What people really think about the environment
... struggling financially. The Asda survey respondents on lower incomes were as likely as the wealthiest groups to say that using less energy and water at home was “normal” or “intelligent”, with 67 per cent holding this view. Lower income customers were also as likely as their wealthier counterparts t ...
... struggling financially. The Asda survey respondents on lower incomes were as likely as the wealthiest groups to say that using less energy and water at home was “normal” or “intelligent”, with 67 per cent holding this view. Lower income customers were also as likely as their wealthier counterparts t ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.