Climate Scenario Development
... issues discussed later in this chapter. We also distinguish between a climate scenario and a climate change scenario. The latter term is sometimes used in the scientific literature to denote a plausible future climate. However, this term should strictly refer to a representation of the difference be ...
... issues discussed later in this chapter. We also distinguish between a climate scenario and a climate change scenario. The latter term is sometimes used in the scientific literature to denote a plausible future climate. However, this term should strictly refer to a representation of the difference be ...
The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) contribution
... modeling studies tending to agree that deforestation has led and will lead to cooling in high latitudes and warming in the tropics, with more uncertain changes in the mid-latitudes (e.g., Bonan, 2008; Davin and de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2010; Lee et al., 2011; Li et al., 2016; Pielke et al., 2011; Swann e ...
... modeling studies tending to agree that deforestation has led and will lead to cooling in high latitudes and warming in the tropics, with more uncertain changes in the mid-latitudes (e.g., Bonan, 2008; Davin and de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2010; Lee et al., 2011; Li et al., 2016; Pielke et al., 2011; Swann e ...
Variability properties of daily and monthly observed near-surface
... where Nj is the number of regional stations for the year j. The use of regional average, in general, provides a time series that is a better representation of large-scale climatic processes (Partal and Kahya, 2006), thus making it easier to deal with one index series in a region. Before using the M ...
... where Nj is the number of regional stations for the year j. The use of regional average, in general, provides a time series that is a better representation of large-scale climatic processes (Partal and Kahya, 2006), thus making it easier to deal with one index series in a region. Before using the M ...
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... greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change, and its adverse impact on the States, is now well recognized. See Massachusetts v. EPA, 127 S. Ct. 1438, 1455 (2007) (“The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized.”); id. at 1457-58 (CO 2 considered a “greenhouse gas” t ...
... greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change, and its adverse impact on the States, is now well recognized. See Massachusetts v. EPA, 127 S. Ct. 1438, 1455 (2007) (“The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized.”); id. at 1457-58 (CO 2 considered a “greenhouse gas” t ...
Primer on Hydrofluorocarbons
... A fast phasedown of HFCs under the Montreal Protocol by 2020 would prevent up to 200 billion tonnes (Gt) of CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions by 2050,4 and avoid up to 0.5°C warming by 2100, using a treaty that requires developed countries to act first, provides implementation assistance to developi ...
... A fast phasedown of HFCs under the Montreal Protocol by 2020 would prevent up to 200 billion tonnes (Gt) of CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions by 2050,4 and avoid up to 0.5°C warming by 2100, using a treaty that requires developed countries to act first, provides implementation assistance to developi ...
Scenario Studies as a Synthetic and Integrative Research Activity for Articles
... In many large science- and environmental-assessment programs, scenarios have been used to describe and underpin analyses of alternative futures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission scenarios (Naki enovi and Swart 2000) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s scenarios ( ...
... In many large science- and environmental-assessment programs, scenarios have been used to describe and underpin analyses of alternative futures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission scenarios (Naki enovi and Swart 2000) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s scenarios ( ...
Working Paper 192 - Waldinger (opens in new window)
... This synthesis paper informs the development community about the effects of climate change on migration patterns within and out of developing countries, concentrating on the economic aspects of migration. Empirical evidence shows that people in developing countries respond to climatic change by migr ...
... This synthesis paper informs the development community about the effects of climate change on migration patterns within and out of developing countries, concentrating on the economic aspects of migration. Empirical evidence shows that people in developing countries respond to climatic change by migr ...
Research Article Arctic Ocean Gas Hydrate Stability in a Changing Climate
... 26]. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes will also affect the rest of the world [27]. Global climate change is likely amplified in the Arctic by several positive feedbacks, including surface albedo decreased by ice and snow melting, temperature anomalies trapped ...
... 26]. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes will also affect the rest of the world [27]. Global climate change is likely amplified in the Arctic by several positive feedbacks, including surface albedo decreased by ice and snow melting, temperature anomalies trapped ...
File - Inanglupa Movement
... be upon us to counter the climate change like planting only 10% of an area per day exposing only 10% to risk and weather changes that could easily be covered with crop insurance. The Cloud of Change can mean irrigating our rice farms by adopting programmed planting and not seasonal planting which is ...
... be upon us to counter the climate change like planting only 10% of an area per day exposing only 10% to risk and weather changes that could easily be covered with crop insurance. The Cloud of Change can mean irrigating our rice farms by adopting programmed planting and not seasonal planting which is ...
Climate Change and Poverty—An Analytical Framework
... of the number of people falling into poverty every year (i.e., an increase from 12% to 13% per year) and a reduction by less than 10% of the number of households escaping poverty (i.e., a reduction from 14% to 13% per year) would reduce the pace of poverty reduction by 50%. As to the second questio ...
... of the number of people falling into poverty every year (i.e., an increase from 12% to 13% per year) and a reduction by less than 10% of the number of households escaping poverty (i.e., a reduction from 14% to 13% per year) would reduce the pace of poverty reduction by 50%. As to the second questio ...
Development finance and climate finance - IIED
... aid in 2013) should not be counted as official development assistance (ODA) as it is now. This will limit any crowding out or diversion of ODA money from core SDG provision, and provide a more accurate picture of development-related finance. Other attempts to resolve this debate over ‘new and additi ...
... aid in 2013) should not be counted as official development assistance (ODA) as it is now. This will limit any crowding out or diversion of ODA money from core SDG provision, and provide a more accurate picture of development-related finance. Other attempts to resolve this debate over ‘new and additi ...
Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California
... yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multiple spatial scales and over long time horizons to ensure sustainable use (Scanlon et al. 2005; Havstad et al. 2007; Brown and MacLeod 2011; He and Hogue 2012). ...
... yield is difficult to measure and value, but the changing availability of water from rangeland watersheds needs to be quantified across multiple spatial scales and over long time horizons to ensure sustainable use (Scanlon et al. 2005; Havstad et al. 2007; Brown and MacLeod 2011; He and Hogue 2012). ...
- Adaptation
... agro-ecological and hydrological system of information, planning and decision-making on the management of natural and social assets under scenarios of climate change. Through training and other measures the sustainability of the system will be secured. The project also responds to the Focal Area Obj ...
... agro-ecological and hydrological system of information, planning and decision-making on the management of natural and social assets under scenarios of climate change. Through training and other measures the sustainability of the system will be secured. The project also responds to the Focal Area Obj ...
Making Marine Zoning Climate-Change Adaptable Robin Kundis Craig
... ecosystems and the socio-ecological systems of which they are a part will transition to new states of being that are productive and adaptive, rather than collapsing into the equivalent of decimated marine deserts. Marine spatial planning is a widely-promoted method for achieving at least the first t ...
... ecosystems and the socio-ecological systems of which they are a part will transition to new states of being that are productive and adaptive, rather than collapsing into the equivalent of decimated marine deserts. Marine spatial planning is a widely-promoted method for achieving at least the first t ...
Species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range
... the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. ...
... the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. ...
report of governing council meeting
... that the Mexican IOC National Committee could be instrumental in convincing Mexico to join PICES in the near future. Active regional organizations can greatly strengthen the implementation of IOC programs, and thus by joining PICES, Mexico would not only benefit its own scientific programs but also ...
... that the Mexican IOC National Committee could be instrumental in convincing Mexico to join PICES in the near future. Active regional organizations can greatly strengthen the implementation of IOC programs, and thus by joining PICES, Mexico would not only benefit its own scientific programs but also ...
REPORTS A CLIMATIC DRIVER FOR ABRUPT MID-HOLOCENE VEGETATION D
... evidence for an increase in effective moisture coinciding with the post-decline increases in oak and hemlock at ca. 3300 cal. yr BP. The Hemlock Hollow record shows that spruce (Picea), a northern or montane taxon that occupies wetlands in southern New England, increased in abundance at that time. A ...
... evidence for an increase in effective moisture coinciding with the post-decline increases in oak and hemlock at ca. 3300 cal. yr BP. The Hemlock Hollow record shows that spruce (Picea), a northern or montane taxon that occupies wetlands in southern New England, increased in abundance at that time. A ...
Identifying adaptation options
... Who are these stakeholders? Those to be engaged will depend on the nature of the adaptive response being considered. As mentioned earlier, stakeholders can include individuals with necessary knowledge or skills needed to make and implement the required decision(s). This normally includes appropriate ...
... Who are these stakeholders? Those to be engaged will depend on the nature of the adaptive response being considered. As mentioned earlier, stakeholders can include individuals with necessary knowledge or skills needed to make and implement the required decision(s). This normally includes appropriate ...
Scientific Facts on Arctic Climate Change
... are projected to cause significant changes in climatic conditions: an increase of 1.4 to 5.8°C (2.5-10.4°F) in global average temperature between 2000 and 2100, as well as changes in ocean currents, sea level and in the amount and distribution of precipitation. Such changes would have significant im ...
... are projected to cause significant changes in climatic conditions: an increase of 1.4 to 5.8°C (2.5-10.4°F) in global average temperature between 2000 and 2100, as well as changes in ocean currents, sea level and in the amount and distribution of precipitation. Such changes would have significant im ...
9 IEAGHG Information Paper 2014-19: Report on London Convention meeting LC-36... Very slow progress on Export of CO
... ECO2 project, the results from the QICS controlled release project including recovery of sediment and seabed geochemistry and ecosystems, and the processes in the overburden. Presentations are available at http://www.ieaghg.org/networks/monitoring-network/ . The QICS project recently published its r ...
... ECO2 project, the results from the QICS controlled release project including recovery of sediment and seabed geochemistry and ecosystems, and the processes in the overburden. Presentations are available at http://www.ieaghg.org/networks/monitoring-network/ . The QICS project recently published its r ...
profile brochure - Resilient Cities 2015
... Over seventy interdisciplinary actors gathered for one day to discuss the implementation of resilient city-region food systems. The forum covered six sessions including partner-led workshops, nine city case study presentations, and open sessions of the Mayors Adaptation Forum. During special breaks, ...
... Over seventy interdisciplinary actors gathered for one day to discuss the implementation of resilient city-region food systems. The forum covered six sessions including partner-led workshops, nine city case study presentations, and open sessions of the Mayors Adaptation Forum. During special breaks, ...
Carbon Cycling, Climate Regulation, and Disturbances in Canadian
... climate regulation are indeed major CMF ecosystem functions, and these functions are strongly influenced by disturbances that are anthropogenic (i.e., logging) or partly under human control despite being mostly natural (i.e., fire suppression and insect outbreak management) [18–24]. Note that our ob ...
... climate regulation are indeed major CMF ecosystem functions, and these functions are strongly influenced by disturbances that are anthropogenic (i.e., logging) or partly under human control despite being mostly natural (i.e., fire suppression and insect outbreak management) [18–24]. Note that our ob ...
Author`s personal copy
... to the net decomposition release of carbon from litter and soil pools described in CENTURY (Parton et al., 1993). The effects of increased growth under elevated CO2 condition, known as the CO2 fertilization effect, are often cited as one of the major mechanisms explaining the missing C sink (IPCC, 2 ...
... to the net decomposition release of carbon from litter and soil pools described in CENTURY (Parton et al., 1993). The effects of increased growth under elevated CO2 condition, known as the CO2 fertilization effect, are often cited as one of the major mechanisms explaining the missing C sink (IPCC, 2 ...
Boiling Point: The Impact of Climate Change on Sea Turtles and the
... food may be key parts of the puzzle. “Resource availability is higher and more consistent in the Atlantic Ocean,” says Vincent Saba of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. “Essentially, there’s more food in the Atlantic and the turtles don’t have to swim such great distances to reach it.” Accor ...
... food may be key parts of the puzzle. “Resource availability is higher and more consistent in the Atlantic Ocean,” says Vincent Saba of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. “Essentially, there’s more food in the Atlantic and the turtles don’t have to swim such great distances to reach it.” Accor ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.