A Comparison of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela
... Left-wing governments have brought change to Latin America, but the extent of these changes has varied considerably across countries and policy areas. In Brazil and Chile, left-of-center governments have been more aggressive than their predecessors in using social policies to address poverty and ine ...
... Left-wing governments have brought change to Latin America, but the extent of these changes has varied considerably across countries and policy areas. In Brazil and Chile, left-of-center governments have been more aggressive than their predecessors in using social policies to address poverty and ine ...
The Political Economy of the New Left in Latin America
... 1987, the era of the debt crisis had well and truly arrived. Countries were forced to reappraise fundamentally their development strategies. The policy set that emerged during this period has interchangeably been termed “The Washington Consensus” or, simply, “Neo-Liberalism”. Whichever name one adop ...
... 1987, the era of the debt crisis had well and truly arrived. Countries were forced to reappraise fundamentally their development strategies. The policy set that emerged during this period has interchangeably been termed “The Washington Consensus” or, simply, “Neo-Liberalism”. Whichever name one adop ...
Industrial Policy - UNCTAD Paragraph 166 Course
... 3a. FDI and industrial development • It is often assumed that: – foreign investors can determine best whether production is profitable ...
... 3a. FDI and industrial development • It is often assumed that: – foreign investors can determine best whether production is profitable ...
IMF Stabilisation and Structural Adjustment Programmes Colette Murphy – Junior Sophister
... accumulate. Countries, both developed and LDCs, can face short-term liquidity problems when budget deficits and balance of payments deficits can no longer be funded by foreign exchange inflows or reserves. They normally approach international banks, which assess the credit risk involved, lend funds ...
... accumulate. Countries, both developed and LDCs, can face short-term liquidity problems when budget deficits and balance of payments deficits can no longer be funded by foreign exchange inflows or reserves. They normally approach international banks, which assess the credit risk involved, lend funds ...
Apoyo Público al Crecimiento y desarrollo de la Inversión
... 4. Strategic location 5. Openness to the world 6. Diversified economy 7. Abundant and diverse natural resources 8. Skilled and highly creative workforce 9. High levels of scientific, technological and productive innovation 10. Modern infrastructure and high-quality connectivity ...
... 4. Strategic location 5. Openness to the world 6. Diversified economy 7. Abundant and diverse natural resources 8. Skilled and highly creative workforce 9. High levels of scientific, technological and productive innovation 10. Modern infrastructure and high-quality connectivity ...
Nov 2016, Vol.4(4)
... During the opening panel, Ms. Lagarde discussed how targeted spending on gender equality goals promotes women’s empowerment and benefits society as a whole. Sound fiscal policies promote macroeconomic stability, which is essential to boost growth, jobs, and incomes for all citizens. At the same time ...
... During the opening panel, Ms. Lagarde discussed how targeted spending on gender equality goals promotes women’s empowerment and benefits society as a whole. Sound fiscal policies promote macroeconomic stability, which is essential to boost growth, jobs, and incomes for all citizens. At the same time ...
Supply Side policies
... • If a country becomes capable of producing at a lower costs then the BOP position should improve • Trend growth rate should rise • Unemployment should be lower as labour is more flexible • Increasing productive capacity should also reduce the risk of inflation – the output can rise without causing ...
... • If a country becomes capable of producing at a lower costs then the BOP position should improve • Trend growth rate should rise • Unemployment should be lower as labour is more flexible • Increasing productive capacity should also reduce the risk of inflation – the output can rise without causing ...
The State, Markets, and Development
... innovation and the positive externalities involved. The participants generally agreed that productive efficiency is more important in explaining growth than allocative efficiency. Singh and Moreno and Ros argued that importsubstitution strategy has not been a uniform failure—in Japan, Korea, and eve ...
... innovation and the positive externalities involved. The participants generally agreed that productive efficiency is more important in explaining growth than allocative efficiency. Singh and Moreno and Ros argued that importsubstitution strategy has not been a uniform failure—in Japan, Korea, and eve ...
RETHINKING MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR
... compared with industrialized economies. These span a wide range from differences in the constraints on output expansion, the degree of wageprice flexibility, the sources of growth, the development of financial markets, institutions and instruments, or the capacity of governments to finance their def ...
... compared with industrialized economies. These span a wide range from differences in the constraints on output expansion, the degree of wageprice flexibility, the sources of growth, the development of financial markets, institutions and instruments, or the capacity of governments to finance their def ...
After Washington Consensus
... that this is a departure from the Washington Consensus, which focused on policies rather than institutions. This policy would be placed in the row Institution Building as the result of the entry by the After the Washington Consensus. New Agenda IV: Income Distribution and the Social Sector: growth ...
... that this is a departure from the Washington Consensus, which focused on policies rather than institutions. This policy would be placed in the row Institution Building as the result of the entry by the After the Washington Consensus. New Agenda IV: Income Distribution and the Social Sector: growth ...
Economic Development and Crisis Policy Responses in
... The main argument Krugman pointed out is that the rapid economic growth (measured by massive capital inflow) in developing countries in the 1990’s was not derived directly from the implementation of Washington Consensus (free market and sound money policies). Instead, there are three reasons why th ...
... The main argument Krugman pointed out is that the rapid economic growth (measured by massive capital inflow) in developing countries in the 1990’s was not derived directly from the implementation of Washington Consensus (free market and sound money policies). Instead, there are three reasons why th ...
lseGC_30may2012_onions
... % GERD financed through inward investment is much larger than competitors (a success of government policy). ...
... % GERD financed through inward investment is much larger than competitors (a success of government policy). ...
The Neoclassical and Dependency Perspectives
... While the East Asian and Latin American NICs are vastly different, they do share some similar characteristics: Rapid and relatively sustained economic growth based on a sharp increase in the manufacturing sector’s share of total output and employment A growing diversification of industrial productio ...
... While the East Asian and Latin American NICs are vastly different, they do share some similar characteristics: Rapid and relatively sustained economic growth based on a sharp increase in the manufacturing sector’s share of total output and employment A growing diversification of industrial productio ...
globalization
... Russia and Central Europe were switching to free market economies. 1980s Faced with strong inflationary pressures, the United States pursued tight monetary policies. These drove up interest rates on existing loans, which had been made at floating rates. It also induced a recession in the developed c ...
... Russia and Central Europe were switching to free market economies. 1980s Faced with strong inflationary pressures, the United States pursued tight monetary policies. These drove up interest rates on existing loans, which had been made at floating rates. It also induced a recession in the developed c ...
Risks in the Global Economy
... Enough uncertainty in the world as is; extra government uncertainty is bad Opportunity for nations with credibility to narrow gap to the high-income-percapita countries ...
... Enough uncertainty in the world as is; extra government uncertainty is bad Opportunity for nations with credibility to narrow gap to the high-income-percapita countries ...
Document
... thinking in the last fifteen years • In US, recovery likely to continue to be anemic • Capping a third of a century of neoliberal policies—leading to median income lower than a quarter century ago, median income of a full time male worker lower than four decades ago, and wages at the bottom the same ...
... thinking in the last fifteen years • In US, recovery likely to continue to be anemic • Capping a third of a century of neoliberal policies—leading to median income lower than a quarter century ago, median income of a full time male worker lower than four decades ago, and wages at the bottom the same ...
Chapters in Economic Policy Lesson 1 Economic policy making
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
Chapters in Economic Policy Lesson 1 Economic policy making
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
Chapters in Economic Policy Lesson 1 Economic policy making
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
... designed … in reality, it is more likely that the benefit of some will imply a loss (cost) to others (from the temporal or sectoral point of view, or both) „There ain't no such thing as a free lunch“ If „there ain´t no such thing as an objective truth“ then no solution/decision in economic policy ca ...
g - University of Ottawa
... rate of accumulation now depends on transitional dynamics, which cannot be ignored: short-run events have a qualitative impact on long-run equilibria. It is common to speak of ‘path-dependence’ for such a characteristic. It is possible to show that this kind of model displays hysteresis in the sense ...
... rate of accumulation now depends on transitional dynamics, which cannot be ignored: short-run events have a qualitative impact on long-run equilibria. It is common to speak of ‘path-dependence’ for such a characteristic. It is possible to show that this kind of model displays hysteresis in the sense ...
Presentation - Regional Policy Briefings
... – Economic impacts are considerable • 1972-2004: Fiji suffered F$ 20 million per year from cyclones and storms ...
... – Economic impacts are considerable • 1972-2004: Fiji suffered F$ 20 million per year from cyclones and storms ...
IMF
... through a “letter of intent,” to implement changes in its fiscal and monetary policies that IMF experts have determined are necessary. ...
... through a “letter of intent,” to implement changes in its fiscal and monetary policies that IMF experts have determined are necessary. ...