The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change
... results between studies given the variety of methodologies employed [19]. The vast majority are also short-term projects, and even in the lengthy ones, the most an individual sample was exposed for was 8 years [18, 20]. Damage correlation ...
... results between studies given the variety of methodologies employed [19]. The vast majority are also short-term projects, and even in the lengthy ones, the most an individual sample was exposed for was 8 years [18, 20]. Damage correlation ...
Plans for the 2010 WMO/UNEP
... Technology/economics of options. Well-identified “customers”: Governments (via the Montreal Protocol); Industry; Public; Science community ...
... Technology/economics of options. Well-identified “customers”: Governments (via the Montreal Protocol); Industry; Public; Science community ...
Effect of Global Warming on Invasion of Alien Plants in Asia
... than at any other time during the last millennium. The concentration of carbon dioxide is 33 per cent higher than it was before the industrial revolution. The sea level has been rising at the rate of 2mm a year since the beginning of 20th century. Droughts and floods have become more common (The Hin ...
... than at any other time during the last millennium. The concentration of carbon dioxide is 33 per cent higher than it was before the industrial revolution. The sea level has been rising at the rate of 2mm a year since the beginning of 20th century. Droughts and floods have become more common (The Hin ...
Advancing adaptation through climate information services
... they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think about, and take action on, adapting to climate change has been somewhat neglected. The relation ...
... they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think about, and take action on, adapting to climate change has been somewhat neglected. The relation ...
A What Is the Right Price for Carbon Emissions?
... economy—then insurance prices depend only on average damages. The cost of insuring a diversifiable risk is a simple calculation of the discounted value of expected (average) future damages. Pricing fire insurance appropriately is a good example. Empirical evidence on the distribution of damages caus ...
... economy—then insurance prices depend only on average damages. The cost of insuring a diversifiable risk is a simple calculation of the discounted value of expected (average) future damages. Pricing fire insurance appropriately is a good example. Empirical evidence on the distribution of damages caus ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 21st-century climate change. We review these different approaches and their results. The future climate is expected to be more stagnant, due to a weaker ...
... variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 21st-century climate change. We review these different approaches and their results. The future climate is expected to be more stagnant, due to a weaker ...
Variability and Triggering Factors of Observed Global Mean Land
... the global energy cycle. Thus, global mean precipitation is a measure for the intensity of the global water and energy cycle. The intensity of evaporation depends on the surface air temperature SAT, which itself is driven by global natural and anthropogenic forcing and internal climate variability. ...
... the global energy cycle. Thus, global mean precipitation is a measure for the intensity of the global water and energy cycle. The intensity of evaporation depends on the surface air temperature SAT, which itself is driven by global natural and anthropogenic forcing and internal climate variability. ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 21st-century climate change. We review these different approaches and their results. The future climate is expected to be more stagnant, due to a weaker ...
... variables, perturbation analyses in chemical transport models (CTMs), and CTM simulations driven by general circulation model (GCM) simulations of 21st-century climate change. We review these different approaches and their results. The future climate is expected to be more stagnant, due to a weaker ...
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish
... the effects of climate change on fish and shellfish resources. (i) Statistical downscaling: regional scenarios are estimated from IPCC model projections and are used to forecast time-series of regional environmental variables (e.g. monthly temperature, advection, prey availability, predator abundanc ...
... the effects of climate change on fish and shellfish resources. (i) Statistical downscaling: regional scenarios are estimated from IPCC model projections and are used to forecast time-series of regional environmental variables (e.g. monthly temperature, advection, prey availability, predator abundanc ...
Reduced solar activity as a trigger for the start of the Younger Dryas?
... a shallower THC and in surface cooling that would be less than in the case of a shutdown. This would be consistent with ocean core evidence for N Atlantic ventilation during the YD (Charles and Fairbanks, 1992) and with climate modelling (Rahmstorf, 1994). However, a shallower THC would mean less su ...
... a shallower THC and in surface cooling that would be less than in the case of a shutdown. This would be consistent with ocean core evidence for N Atlantic ventilation during the YD (Charles and Fairbanks, 1992) and with climate modelling (Rahmstorf, 1994). However, a shallower THC would mean less su ...
Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
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... Thus while the tax option dominates with respect to GDP and consumption, it does less well with respect to achieving emissions reduction targets. ...
... Thus while the tax option dominates with respect to GDP and consumption, it does less well with respect to achieving emissions reduction targets. ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... foreknowledge: What will the consequences be if we continue business as usual? And what is going to happen if we reduce our GHG emissions? Conditional prediction of future climate change, more than any other type of scientific knowledge, is the most relevant policy information.3 The climate system, ...
... foreknowledge: What will the consequences be if we continue business as usual? And what is going to happen if we reduce our GHG emissions? Conditional prediction of future climate change, more than any other type of scientific knowledge, is the most relevant policy information.3 The climate system, ...
Mandate and framework for the evaluation of Norwegian climate
... Secretariat and external support The Research Council will establish a secretariat with expertise related to the work involved with subject-specific evaluations, Norwegian and international research policy, the Norwegian research system, the players involved in Norwegian climate research and climate ...
... Secretariat and external support The Research Council will establish a secretariat with expertise related to the work involved with subject-specific evaluations, Norwegian and international research policy, the Norwegian research system, the players involved in Norwegian climate research and climate ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... countries contributed to 80 percent of the total atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup to date and their share of annual carbon dioxide emissions is 60 percent (Shah 2010). The problem is also tangled up with difficult issues such as poverty, economic development, and population growth. This implies th ...
... countries contributed to 80 percent of the total atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup to date and their share of annual carbon dioxide emissions is 60 percent (Shah 2010). The problem is also tangled up with difficult issues such as poverty, economic development, and population growth. This implies th ...
The Conservative Case for a Carbon Tax
... Costly and economically inefficient command-and-control greenhouse gas regulations are firmly entrenched in law, and there is no plausible scenario in which they can be removed by conservative political force. Even were that not the case, the risks imposed by climate change are real, and a policy of ...
... Costly and economically inefficient command-and-control greenhouse gas regulations are firmly entrenched in law, and there is no plausible scenario in which they can be removed by conservative political force. Even were that not the case, the risks imposed by climate change are real, and a policy of ...
Impact of the global warming hiatus on Andean temperature
... A common theme emerging from all these studies is that there appear to be large differences in observed temperature trends between tropics and extratropics and between inland warming and offshore marine cooling; yet up to now, these different results have not been reconciled in an overarching study ...
... A common theme emerging from all these studies is that there appear to be large differences in observed temperature trends between tropics and extratropics and between inland warming and offshore marine cooling; yet up to now, these different results have not been reconciled in an overarching study ...
Federal Climate Change Legislation as If the States Matter
... the United States. These efforts involve more and more states and are becoming increasingly ambitious and regional in scope. Most observers, even at the state level, see state and regional efforts as a next-best strategy in the absence of serious national leadership. The growing prospect of comprehe ...
... the United States. These efforts involve more and more states and are becoming increasingly ambitious and regional in scope. Most observers, even at the state level, see state and regional efforts as a next-best strategy in the absence of serious national leadership. The growing prospect of comprehe ...
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... Deressa et al. (2009) show that 58 percent of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia have adapted to climate change. Results from the multinomial logit model indicate that the level of education, gender, age, and wealth of the head of household, access to extension and credit, information on climate, ...
... Deressa et al. (2009) show that 58 percent of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia have adapted to climate change. Results from the multinomial logit model indicate that the level of education, gender, age, and wealth of the head of household, access to extension and credit, information on climate, ...
Good practice for the usage of climate model simulation results
... which need to be considered. 1. Reanalyses: These data represent a homogenized, long-term climatology of the observed atmosphere in three dimensions. In essence they rebuild climate statistics from daily weather data (Edwards, 2010), using an assimilation system that consistently employs the same mo ...
... which need to be considered. 1. Reanalyses: These data represent a homogenized, long-term climatology of the observed atmosphere in three dimensions. In essence they rebuild climate statistics from daily weather data (Edwards, 2010), using an assimilation system that consistently employs the same mo ...
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... consistent with everyday usage (very unlikely, unlikely, possible, likely, and very likely). Confidence in results is highest at both ends of this scale. A conclusion that an impact “will” result is reserved for situations where experience and multiple methods of analysis all make clear that the con ...
... consistent with everyday usage (very unlikely, unlikely, possible, likely, and very likely). Confidence in results is highest at both ends of this scale. A conclusion that an impact “will” result is reserved for situations where experience and multiple methods of analysis all make clear that the con ...
The Conservative Case for a Carbon Tax
... Costly and economically inefficient command-and-control greenhouse gas regulations are firmly entrenched in law, and there is no plausible scenario in which they can be removed by conservative political force. Even were that not the case, the risks imposed by climate change are real, and a policy of ...
... Costly and economically inefficient command-and-control greenhouse gas regulations are firmly entrenched in law, and there is no plausible scenario in which they can be removed by conservative political force. Even were that not the case, the risks imposed by climate change are real, and a policy of ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... Wood et al., 2004) corrects the distribution function of model outputs. In the training period, for each point of SF’s grid, the time series of SF and the nearest grid point of the climate simulation are compared in order to find a correction for each percentile of the climate simulation. Then, the ...
... Wood et al., 2004) corrects the distribution function of model outputs. In the training period, for each point of SF’s grid, the time series of SF and the nearest grid point of the climate simulation are compared in order to find a correction for each percentile of the climate simulation. Then, the ...
Predicting regional climate change: living with uncertainty
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...